During the boarding school era for Native American students, art and crafts classes were used to teach practical job skills but also to promote assimilation into white culture. Students learned skills like carpentry, blacksmithing, and domestic sciences but the underlying goal was to "civilize" Native people according to Protestant, middle-class values through activities seen as culturally uplifting like drawing. However, art and crafts classes also provided opportunities for students to express their cultural identities.

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Art, Craft, and Assimilation: Curriculum for Native Students during the Boarding School Era
Slivka, Kevin
Studies in Art Education; Spring 2011; 52, 3; Arts & Humanities Full Text
pg. 225

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