1. The program introduces arrays and multidimensional arrays. Arrays allow grouping of multiple values of the same type into a single variable that can be easily accessed via indexes. 2. The program demonstrates initializing arrays with values, accessing array elements via indexes, and performing operations like averaging elements in an array. 3. Multidimensional arrays extend the concept by allowing arrays to have multiple indexes, creating arrays of arrays. This allows modeling two-dimensional or higher dimensional data.

1. Arrays and Strings

2. Basics
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0.)3#,9
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3. Array Fundamentals
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4. Defining Arrays
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● :0$&,,&1$%#5(0('(-0$*/#2(5(#*$&$A&,(&34#$'1/#$&0%$&$0&)#6$3.'$('$
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-/#0(0+$3,&2;#'6$'"#$&,,&1$*(T#6$&0%$&$24-*(0+$3,&2;#'9

5. Array Elements
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(0$&$*',.2'.,#6$<"(2"$&,#$2&44#%$)#)3#,*H9
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&,#$5-.,$#4#)#0'*6$'"#$4&*'$-0#$(*$0.)3#,$W9

6. Accessing Array Elements
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,#&2"#*$W6$'"#,#31$&22#**(0+$#&2"$-5$'"#$&,,&1$#4#)#0'*$(0$'.,09

7. Averaging Array Elements
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8. Initializing Arrays
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W`6$&0%$WNH$&,#$&%%#%$'-$'"#$'-'&49

9. Cont’d
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*#/&,&'#%$31$2-))&*9
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#4#)#0'*$<(44$3#$*#'$'-$N9$U5$'"#,#$&,#$'--$
)&016$&0$#,,-,$(*$*(+0&4#%9

10. Multidimensional Arrays
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A&,(&34#$*/#2(5(#*$#&2"$&,,&1$#4#)#0'9
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%()#0*(-0*9$
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(0'$%6$)F
%-.34#$*&4#*JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYLF$$2-.'$
DD$#0%4F

11. Defining Multidimensional Arrays
● !"#$&,,&1$(*$%#5(0#%$<('"$'<-$*(T#$*/#2(5(#,*6$
#&2"$#024-*#%$(0$3,&2;#'*@
○ %-.34#$*&4#*JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYLF
● S-.$2&0$'"(0;$&3-.'$*&4#*$&*$&$'<-7
%()#0*(-0&4$&,,&16$4&(%$-.'$4(;#$&$
2"#2;#,3-&,%9
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&0$&,,&1$-5$&,,&1*9
● U'$(*$&0$&,,&1$-5$iUY!jUZ!Y$#4#)#0'*6$#&2"$-5$
<"(2"$(*$&0$&,,&1$-5$k]?!lY$#4#)#0'*9

12. Cont’d
● !"#,#$2&0$3#$&,,&1*$-5$)-,#$'"&0$'<-$%()#0*(-0*9$
● :$'",##7%()#0*(-0&4$&,,&1$(*$&0$&,,&1$-5$&,,&1*$-5$&,,&1*9
● U'$(*$&22#**#%$<('"$'",##$(0%#=#*@
○ #4#)$M$%()#0WJ=LJ1LJTLF

13. Accessing Multidimensional Array Elements
● :,,&1$#4#)#0'*$(0$'<-7%()#0*(-0&4$&,,&1*$,#V.(,#$'<-$(0%#=#*@
○ Y&4#*J%LJ)L
● ?-'(2# '"&'$#&2"$(0%#=$"&*$('*$-<0$*#'$-5$3,&2;#'*9
● *&4#*J%6)LF$'"(*$<-,;*$(0$*-)#$4&0+.&+#*6$3.'$0-'$(0$ZOO9
Formatting Numbers
● U'e*$()/-,'&0'$'"&'$*.2"$A&4.#*$3#$5-,)&''#%$/,-/#,41
● f('"$%-44&,$A&4.#*$<#$0-,)&441$<&0'$'-$"&A#$#=&2'41$'<-$%(+('*$'-$'"#$,(+"'$-5$'"#$%#2()&4$/-(0'
● f#$<&0'$'"#$%#2()&4$/-(0'*$-5$&44$'"#$0.)3#,*$(0$&$2-4.)0$'-$4(0#$./9$
● Z-0A(02(0+$'"#$ZOO$UB]$*',#&)*$'-$%-$&44$'"(*$,#V.(,#*$&$4(''4#$<-,;9
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&%%('(-0&4$)&0(/.4&'-,*9$

14. Cont’d
● Y'&'#)#0'$'"&'$/,(0'*$&$54-&'(0+7/-(0'$0.)3#,$2&44#%$5/0 (0$&$5(#4%$`N$2"&,&2'#,*$<(%#6$<('"$'<-$%(+('*$'-$'"#$
,(+"'$-5$'"#$%#2()&4$/-(0'@$
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○ DD$*#'(-*54&+*G(-*@@*"-</-(0'H
○ DD$*#'/,#2(*(-0GaH$
○ DD$*#'<G`NH$
○ DD$5/0F$
● :$+,-./$-5$-0#73('$5-,)&''(0+$54&+*$(0$&$4-0+$(0'$(0$'"#$24&**$%#'#,)(0#*$"-<$5-,)&''(0+$<(44$3#$2&,,(#%$-.'9$
● f#e,#$2-02#,0#%$<('"$'<-$-5$'"#$(-* 54&+*@$5(=#%$&0%$*"-</-(0'
● !-$*#'$'"#$54&+*6$.*#$'"#$)&0(/.4&'-,$*#'(-*54&+*
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15. Formatting Numbers
● !"#$5(=#% 54&+$/,#A#0'*$0.)3#,*$5,-)$3#(0+$/,(0'#%$(0$#=/-0#0'(&4$5-,)&'6$*.2"$&*$W9Kd#W9$
● !"#$*"-</-(0' 54&+$*/#2(5(#*$'"&'$'"#,#$<(44$&4<&1*$3#$&$%#2()&4$/-(0'6$#A#0$(5$'"#$0.)3#,$"&*$0-$5,&2'(-0&4$/&,'@$
`aW9NN$(0*'#&%$-5$`aW9$
● !-$*#'$'"#$/,#2(*(-0 '-$'<-$%(+('*$'-$'"#$,(+"'$-5$'"#$%#2()&4$/4&2#6$.*#$'"#$*#'/,#2(*(-0 )&0(/.4&'-,$
Initializing Multidimensional Arrays
● 1-.$2&0$(0('(&4(T#$).4'(%()#0*(-0&4$&,,&1*9$
● j#)#)3#,$'"&'$&$'<-7%()#0*(-0&4$&,,&1$(*$,#&441$&0$&,,&1$-5$&,,&1*9
● !"#$(0('(&4(T(0+$A&4.#*$5-,$#&2"$*.3&,,&1$&,#$#024-*#%$(0$3,&2#*$&0%$*#/&,&'#%$31$2-))&*$
○ I$`KWa9Nm6$aWK9dN6$dK9N`$R$

16. Cont’d
C(024.%#$D(-*',#&)E
C(024.%#$D(-)&0(/E$
.*(0+$0&)#*/&2#$*'%F$
2-0*' (0'$iUY!jUZ!Y$M$KF$
2-0*' (0'$k]?!lY$M$WF$
(0'$)&(0GH$I$
(0'$%6$)F$
%-.34#$*&4#*JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYL$M$I$I$`KWa9Nm6$aWK9dN6$
dK9N`$R6$I$Waa9NN6$`WbWb9Wa6$`mdbn9bb$R6$I$nWab9WK6$
nWK9NN6$KKna9WN$R6$I$`abWb9an6$aWWa9W6$Wa9nW$R$RF$
2-.' DD$PX0X0^F$2-.' DD$P$k-0'"X0^F$
2-.' DD$P$`$a$W^F$
5-,G%MNF$%DiUY!jUZ!YF$%OOH$
I$
2-.' DD^X0i(*',(2' P$DD$%O`F$
5-,G)MNF$)Dk]?!lYF$)OOH$
2-.' DD$*#'<G`NH
DD$*#'(-*54&+*G(-*@@5(=#%H$
DD$*#'(-*54&+*G(-*@@*"-</-(0'H$
DD$*#'/,#2(*(-0GaH$DD$*&4#*J%LJ)LF$
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2-.' DD$#0%4F$
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17. Passing Arrays to Functions
● :,,&1*$2&0$3#$.*#%$&*$&,+.)#0'*$'-$5.02'(-0*9$
C(024.%#$D(-*',#&)E
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2-0*' (0'$iUY!jUZ!Y$M$KF$
2-0*' (0'$k]?!lY$M$WF$
A-(%$%(*/4&1G$%-.34#JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYL$HF
(0'$)&(0GH$
I$
%-.34#$*&4#*JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYL$M$
I$I$`KWa9Nm6$aWK9dN6$dK9N`$R6$
I$Waa9NN6$`WbWb9Wa6$`mdbn9bb$R6$
I$nWab9WK6$nWK9NN6$KKna9WN$R6$
I$`abWb9an6$aWWa9W6$Wa9nW$R$RF
%(*/4&1G*&4#*HF
2-.' DD$#0%4F$
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R$
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(0'$%6$)F$
2-.' DD$PX0X0^F$2-.' DD$P$k-0'"X0^F$
2-.' DD$P$`$a$W^F$
5-,G%MNF$%DiUY!jUZ!YF$%OOH$
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DD$*#'<G`NH$
DD$*#'(-*54&+*G(-*@@*"-</-(0'H
DD$*#'/,#2(*(-0GaH
DD$5.0*&4#*J%LJ)LF$
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18. Function Declaration with Array Arguments
● U0$&$5.02'(-0$%#24&,&'(-06$&,,&1$&,+.)#0'*$&,#$,#/,#*#0'#%$31$'"#$%&'&$'1/#$&0%$*(T#$-5$'"#$&,,&19$
● A-(%$%(*/4&1G$54-&'JiUY!jUZ!YLJk]?!lYLF
● A-(%$%(*/4&1G$54-&'JLJk]?!lYL$HF$ !"(*$*'&'#)#0'$<-,;*$5(0#$'--9$
● f"1$%-#*0e'$'"#$5.02'(-0$0##%$'"#$*(T#$-5$'"#$5(,*'$%()#0*(-0g
Function Call with Array Arguments
● f"#0$'"#$5.02'(-0$(*$2&44#%6$-041$'"#$0&)#$-5$'"#$&,,&1$(*$.*#%$&*$&0$&,+.)#0'@$
○ display(sales);
● !"(*$0&)#$G*&4#*$(0$'"(*$2&*#H$&2'.&441$,#/,#*#0'*$'"#$)#)-,1$&%%,#**$-5$'"#$&,,&1$
● >*(0+$&0$&%%,#**$5-,$&0$&,,&1$&,+.)#0'$(*$*()(4&,$'-$.*(0+$&$,#5#,#02#$&,+.)#0'6$(0$'"&'$'"#$A&4.#*$-5$'"#$
&,,&1$#4#)#0'*$&,#$0-'$%./4(2&'#%$G2-/(#%H$(0'-$'"#$5.02'(-09$

19. Cont’d
● :0$&%%,#**$(*$0-'$'"#$*&)#$&*$&$,#5#,#02#. ?-$&)/#,*&0%$GoH$(*$.*#%$<('"$'"#$&,,&1$0&)#$(0$'"#$5.02'(-0$
%#24&,&'(-09$
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Function Definition with Array Arguments
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20. Arrays of Structures
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2-.' DD$PQ0'#,$/&,'$0.)3#,@$PF$
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2-.' DD$PQ0'#,$2-*'@$PF$
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2-.' DD$P$Z-*'$P$DD$&/&,'J0L92-*'$DD$#0%4F$
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21. Cont’d
● !"#$&,,&1$-5$*',.2'.,#*$(*$%#5(0#%$(0$'"#$*'&'#)#0'$
○ /&,'$&/&,'JYU[QLF
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○ &/&,'J0L9)-%#40.)3#,