The document analyzes demographic data across four school boundary areas to understand income levels, diversity, and lifestyle characteristics. It finds:
1) The Robert Semple area has low income levels and high Caucasian population percentages compared to other areas.
2) The Joe Henderson and Matthew Turner areas have high income levels and concentrations of high-income families.
3) Median net worth and retail spending potential are highest where income and net worth are highest.
4) The demographic data provides convincing evidence to represent the population and reflect on using ArcGIS mapping software.
Greg J. Duncan is Distinguished Professor in the School of Edu.docxshericehewat
Greg J. Duncan is Distinguished Professor in the School of Education at the University of California, Irvine.
Richard J. Murnane is Thompson Research Professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
This chapter draws from the introductory chapter in Whither Opportunity? and from our 2014 book. We thank
the Russell Sage Foundation and the Spencer Foundation for supporting the research and allowing us to sum-
marize the lessons from our books here. Direct correspondence to: Greg J. Duncan at [email protected], School
of Education, University of California, Irvine, 2001 Education, Irvine, CA 92697; and Richard J. Murnane at
[email protected], Gutman Library, Rm. 406B, Harvard University, 6 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA
02138.
1. All dollar figures in this paper are expressed in 2012 dollars, and consequently are net of inflation. The income
figures are drawn from the Current Population Survey (for a description, see Duncan and Murnane 2014). We
are grateful to Sean Reardon and Demetra Kalogrides for supplying these data. Note that they are weighted by
children rather than families or households, which produces a somewhat different time series than one sees
with published Census data on family incomes. This means the fact that the 20th percentile family income (in
2012 dollars) was $37,700 in 1970 in figure 1 means that 20 percent of the nation’s children live in families with
income below that level. Because lower-income families tend to have more children than higher-income families,
fewer than 20 percent of the nation’s families in 1970 had income lower than $37,700.
Rising Inequality in Family
Incomes and Children’s
Educational Outcomes
g r e g J. du n c a n a n d r ic h a r d J. m u r n a n e
Increases in family income inequality in the United States have translated into widening gaps in educational
achievement and attainments between children from low- and high- income families. We describe the mecha-
nisms that have produced this disturbing trend. We argue that the three dominant policy approaches states
and the federal government have used to improve the education of the disadvantaged have had at best mod-
est success in improving education for disadvantaged children. To conclude, we describe the building blocks
for an American solution to the problem of growing inequality of educational outcomes.
Keywords: inequality, educational outcomes, accountability, school supports
duced sharply growing income gaps between
high- and low- income families.
Figure 1 shows the average annual cash in-
come in a particular year (in 2012 dollars) for
children at the 20th, 80th, and 95th percentiles
of the nation’s family income distribution.1
Compared with 1970, the 2010 cash family in-
come at the 20th percentile has fallen by more
than 25 percent. In contrast, the incomes of
families at the 80th percentile grew by 23 per-
cent, to $125,000, and the incomes of the rich-
America has always taken pride in being th ...
Did you sleep here last night? The impact of the household definition in sam...Ernestina Coast
Leone, T., E. Coast & S. Randall (2009) "Did you sleep here last night? The impact of the household definition in sample surveys: a Tanzanian case study" Presentation at British Society for Population Studies Annual Conference, Brighton, 9th - 11th September, 2009.
Greg J. Duncan is Distinguished Professor in the School of Edu.docxshericehewat
Greg J. Duncan is Distinguished Professor in the School of Education at the University of California, Irvine.
Richard J. Murnane is Thompson Research Professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
This chapter draws from the introductory chapter in Whither Opportunity? and from our 2014 book. We thank
the Russell Sage Foundation and the Spencer Foundation for supporting the research and allowing us to sum-
marize the lessons from our books here. Direct correspondence to: Greg J. Duncan at [email protected], School
of Education, University of California, Irvine, 2001 Education, Irvine, CA 92697; and Richard J. Murnane at
[email protected], Gutman Library, Rm. 406B, Harvard University, 6 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA
02138.
1. All dollar figures in this paper are expressed in 2012 dollars, and consequently are net of inflation. The income
figures are drawn from the Current Population Survey (for a description, see Duncan and Murnane 2014). We
are grateful to Sean Reardon and Demetra Kalogrides for supplying these data. Note that they are weighted by
children rather than families or households, which produces a somewhat different time series than one sees
with published Census data on family incomes. This means the fact that the 20th percentile family income (in
2012 dollars) was $37,700 in 1970 in figure 1 means that 20 percent of the nation’s children live in families with
income below that level. Because lower-income families tend to have more children than higher-income families,
fewer than 20 percent of the nation’s families in 1970 had income lower than $37,700.
Rising Inequality in Family
Incomes and Children’s
Educational Outcomes
g r e g J. du n c a n a n d r ic h a r d J. m u r n a n e
Increases in family income inequality in the United States have translated into widening gaps in educational
achievement and attainments between children from low- and high- income families. We describe the mecha-
nisms that have produced this disturbing trend. We argue that the three dominant policy approaches states
and the federal government have used to improve the education of the disadvantaged have had at best mod-
est success in improving education for disadvantaged children. To conclude, we describe the building blocks
for an American solution to the problem of growing inequality of educational outcomes.
Keywords: inequality, educational outcomes, accountability, school supports
duced sharply growing income gaps between
high- and low- income families.
Figure 1 shows the average annual cash in-
come in a particular year (in 2012 dollars) for
children at the 20th, 80th, and 95th percentiles
of the nation’s family income distribution.1
Compared with 1970, the 2010 cash family in-
come at the 20th percentile has fallen by more
than 25 percent. In contrast, the incomes of
families at the 80th percentile grew by 23 per-
cent, to $125,000, and the incomes of the rich-
America has always taken pride in being th ...
Did you sleep here last night? The impact of the household definition in sam...Ernestina Coast
Leone, T., E. Coast & S. Randall (2009) "Did you sleep here last night? The impact of the household definition in sample surveys: a Tanzanian case study" Presentation at British Society for Population Studies Annual Conference, Brighton, 9th - 11th September, 2009.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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This presentation is an update to the Benicia Schools, Program Review Officer. What will follow is some new and some review information about neighborhood demographics of the Benicia district. This information will be graphically represented using maps generated by the ARC-GIS website.
Unfortunately, the BUSD website’s links to the boundary maps were not functioning when these presentations was being researched. That may be because the boundaries have been changing are recently as within the past few weeks.
he street listings above for each of the 4 electuary schools were used to draw a the lines here. The district published this listing in 2007.
Population density is sometimes greater where rental properties are more concentrated Transiency rates are often higher in these areas as well as individuals with lower incomes and educational attainment. This map shows a relatively balanced Population Density.
Looking at the regional boundaries of 4 elementary schools, Semple contains a higher level of low income families in some of neighborhoods in its zone. However, most of its population is above average in income.
Mary Farmar also has a range in income levels , but to a lesser degree than Semple. Clicking within each boundary zone reveals the range in neighborhods.
Joe Henderson elementary boundary zone has the most affluent neighborhood with little variation.
Matthew Turner is similarly populated with families with incomes between 75 to 175 thousand dollars and higher
This chart follows what is expected to be seen in relation to the Income level maps. The higher net worth resides in the neighborhoods with the higher income families.
Spending potential data measures consumer spending for retail goods by area. The number 100 means average level of spending . So. 178 in the Henderson area indicates that average spending by local consumers is 78 percent higher than the national average. There are no areas in Benicia that are below national average.
This map tells us where the kids are. However it does not tell us the exact age. This would be helpful for predicting the future trends in elementary age population. Previous data suggests the number of children is declining.
This chart is difficult to interpret on its own. If I overlay this chart with the % population under 18 we would potentially see those empty nesters.
Average Levels ofunemployment are visualized here in the Henderson and Turner zones. The Farmar and Semple areas are a few percentages higher in some areas.
Social vulnerability refers to sensitivity to this exposure due to population and housing characteristics: age, low income, disability, home value or other factors.This map depicts social vulnerability at the block group level.
Interesting to note that the Henderson Zone has both the highest and the lowest rates together within the Benicia district
This is one area I was very interested in but was not available. I think it would have a fairly large bearing on decision making for funding directions. However, education levels closely follow income and net worth. I expect to see similar patters.
We will look at each elementary zone individually.
Largest minority – Asian – I suggest they rethink their unfortunately coincidental color scheme2nd Largest minority -Black followed by “other”
The Matthew Turner zone does have some pockets of greater diversity. However, whites are over 50% of the population. If we overlaid this layer with income, we might be able to visualize if the minority populations were also residing in lower income and new wealth neighborhoods.
The Joe Henderson zone again is primarily white. But there were a larger number of charts available within its zone that showed a variation in size and mixture of minority populations
Mary Farmar’s zone has some slight variation but overall is very similar to previous data in the 3 other school zones. The data makes no connection between diversity and underserviced populations. Hispanic populations are noted in real numbers but a connection to 2nd language learners can’t be assumed.
Tapestry classifies U.S. residential neighborhoods into 65 unique market segments based on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. For a broader market view, Tapestry consolidates segments into LifeMode and Urbanization Groups.Most everybody in Benicia has between 2 to 4 times the national income average.
After reviewing the Benicia district from so many angles and online tools, I can safely say I know more about it than my own district, where I’ve been for 15 years. I wonder if all districts have as much research data readily available on the web. The ArcGIS graphical data, while helpful in visualizing neighborhood characteristics, it did not have information that would be helpful in directing technology funding for EL students. I am confident the Semple is a good candidate. Farmar appears to has less need then Semple and Henderson and Turner’s are clearly not in financial need. How this district won a need-based grant at all is interesting. One recommendation I’d have before implementing the grant would be to consult the districts department of technology for more specific information on technology status and planning for each school. The district website does not list a bilingual education department or individuals coordinating language services. Maybe the first place to start would be to fund that position. This concludes the Presentation. Thank you Dr. Bober for extending the time for this deliverable.