Sanja Sakan1, MD, Marin Lozić1, MD, Igor Balenović1, MD, Nikolina Bašić-Jukić2, prof, Daniela Bandić Pavlović1, PhD, Mladen Perić1, prof 1Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive care,University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Klinika za anesteziologiju, reanimatologiju i intenzivno liječenje, Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb) 2Department of Nephrology, Arterial hypertension and Dialysis, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Klinika za unutarnje bolesti, Zavod za nefrologiju, arterijsku hipertenziju i dijalizu, Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb) Abstract Aim: Rhabdomyolysis induced acute renal failure is a rare postoperative complication, especially after neurosurgical operations. On the other hand complex and specific neuroanestheisa conduction exposes patients to many risk factors. Case presentation: We report a rare case of acute renal failure triggered by asymptomatic rhabdomyolysis in a healthy male patient after frontotemporal craniotomy. Results: Despite all applied intensive care measures the patient’s clinical status exacerbated and died after one month. Conclusion: Rhabdomyolysis in neurosurgical patients is more often than expected. Clinical picture variates from the asymptomatic to extremely elevated creatine kinase levels. Associated with other perioperative risk factors development of acute renal failure is sometimes unavoidable.