The document summarizes the architectural styles of different historical periods in India, including the Mughal, British colonial, and post-independence eras. It describes key characteristics of Akbar and Shah Jahan's styles, such as the use of red sandstone and white marble. It also outlines the influences of Western styles introduced by European powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. Major structures from each period are highlighted, like the Red Fort, Taj Mahal, and buildings constructed during the British Raj.

1. Architecture
S. Manikandan

2. Akbar’s Style
Characteristics of Architecture of Akbar
Red sandstone
Ideal synthesis of Hindu and Muslim
Traditions constructions of domes
Arches
Portals
Increased use of marble
Impregnable forts,
tombs
Imposing and artistic gateways
Hindu temples

3. Shah Jahan’s Style
The Mughall architecture reached
the zenith of its excellence
Built palaces
Mosques
Tomps
Pavilions of white marble at Agra, Lahore, Delhi,
Kabul, Kashmir, Ajmer, Kandahar and
Ahamadabad
He demolished many of Akbar’s red sand stone
structures in Agra and lahore forts and rebuilt
them of white marble which was available in
unlimited quantities in the quarries of Makrana
near Sambhal

4. Red Fort or Lal Qila, Delhi (1648)
Known as the epitome of Mughal grandeur
On the river bank of Yamuna
Used Red Stone (name Lal Qila)
2km in cirncumference
Height varies from 18 to 33 metre
Red sandstone wall
Moti Mahal
Hira Mahal
Rang Mahal
Beautiful Garden
Flower beds
Water courses
Ornamental fountains
Gilded domes
Hanging balconies

6. Lahore Gate
17th century
Main gate of the fort towards Lahore
Royal chamber made of marble graceful arches
With precious stones
Diwan-i-Khas was a hall of private audience
World famous peacock throne (12 million)
Ceiling made of solid silver
Persian couplet written in Letters of gold (If there is a paradise on
earth. It is here! It is here! It is here!)
Bottom shape as Lotus Flower

7. Lahore Gate

8. Lahore Fort
Built by Shah Jahan

9. Purana Qila (Old Fort)
A magnificent historical monument
In this place the ancient city called Indraprastha flourished
Started by Humayun (1530) and completed by Sher Shah
Three Gate ways
Perfect amalgamation of Hindu and Muslim Style
Gigantic and planned structure
White, red and black stone and white marble
Behind there is a Manzil, there is a platform
Most important structure constructed by Sher Shah Suri

11. Jama Masjid, Delhi
Largest Mosque in India and in the world
Situated west of red fort
Last architectural extravaganza of Shah Jahan
Work started in 1650 completed in 6 years
5000 people engaged
Emperor attended congregational prayers on every Friday
Three gate ways
Main courtyard is 408 sq ft made of red stone
Centre – large marble tank
Main mosque crowned by 3 onion shaped domes
North and south two 130 ft high minarets (for birds eye view of
the city)
Architecturally beautiful, a chapter of Holy Quran and strand of
Hair from the beard of prophet Mohammed and his sandals
found here

13. Fatehpur Sikri (U.P.)
Buland Darwaza
Diwan-i-Khas (a private hall for audience)
Diwan-i-Am (the hall of Public Audience is 350 ft
long)
Panch Mahal (84 columns)
Mariam’s Palace (more paintings and miniature)
The Turkish Sultana’s Palace (wives)
Jodha Bai’s Palace (Rajput wife)
Birbal’s Palace (minister)

14. Fatehpur Sikri

15. Buland Darwaza
The 175 ft hightest gateway in India by Akbar
50 km from Agra
Commemorate Akbar’s conquest of Khandesh
(Gujarat)
Akbar met a muslim holy man Shaikh Salim Chisti
Salim became Jahangir
In 1583 the English men met Akbar and amazed to
see the splendour of Darwaza
Today it looks deserted but fairy tale

16. Buland Daraza

17. Pancha Mal

18. Jodha Bai’s Palace

19. Agra Fort in Uttar Pradesh
Finest and strongest citadels in the world
The Jahangir Mahal with red sand stone and Rajput style
Rang Mahal adorned with exquisite floral decoration
The Khas Mahal (the marble palace) by Shah Jahan
The Sheesh Mahal, a superp monument ornamented by small
pieces of mirror
The Diwan-i-Khas or the hall of private audience (marble palace)
Comprised of finely shaped flower beds, fountains, water
channels and tanks
Shah jahan built three mosques
Moti Masjid build in white marble

20. Agra Fort

21. Agra fort (view to Taj Mahal)

22. Red Sandstone

23. White Marble

24. Western Influence
Advent of the Europeans
• Portuguese
• Dutch
• Danes
• English
• French
Western Styles and Patterns in Indian style

25. Portuguese
• St. Catherine Church

26. Dutch
• Sant Cruz Basalica

27. Danes
• Tranqubar

28. The French
• Pondicherry, Karaikkal, Mahe and Yenam

29. Neo Classical
• Raj Bhavan in Calcutta 1799 – 1802 (till 1911)
• Rajaji Hall in Chennai (1802)
• Town Hall inMumbai (1833)
• Senate Hall of Calcutta University (1864)

30. Raj Bawan (Calcutta)

31. Rajaji Hall in Chennai (1802)

32. Town Hall in Mumbai (1833)

33. Senate Hall of Calcutta University

34. Neo – Gothic Style
British Settlements in India
Star shaped and polygonal layouts
English Church Architecture
Provided with arcaded galleries and steeply gabled roofs,
adorned with a profusion of carved and inlaid polychrome
stonework, coloured tiles, and wrought iron,
pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress
castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a
less prominent extent, private dwellings
St. Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta (1847 – 1880)
All Saints Cathedral in Allahabad in U.P.
St. Lourdu’s Church in Trichy (T.N.)

35. St. Paul’s Cathedral in Calcutta

36. Lady of Lourdes Church (Trichy)

37. Indo Saracenic Architecture

38. Indo Saracenic Architecture
With imaginative blend of Neo-Gothic elements with
cusped arches, rooftop chhatris, and bulbous domes
drawn from late Mughal architecture
Art Museum at Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala (1872)
Senate House of Madras University (1874-1879)
Lakshmi Vilas Palace in Baroda (1881)

39. British Period
India Gate
Sansad Bhawan (Raj Bawan)
Gateway of India (Mumbai)
Fort St. George, Madras
Ripon Building
Fort William, Calcutta
Victoria Memorial (West Bengal)
High Court, Madras
Cannemara Library, Madras

40. India Gate

41. Sansad Bhawan

42. Gateway of Inda (Mumbai)

43. Fort St. George, Madras

44. Ripon Building

45. Fort William, Calcutta

46. Victoria Memorial (West Bengal)

47. High Court, Madras

48. Connemara Library, Madras