The document provides a review for a Period 3 final exam covering the American Revolution from 1754-1800. It includes key concepts, essential questions, and summaries on various topics related to the revolution including the Continental Army, Common Sense, the Declaration of Independence, Enlightenment ideas, the Constitutional Convention, Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and figures like Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton.

1. Period 3 Final Exam Review
Group Members: Natalie, Erin, Daphne,
June, Edward
1754-1800’s

2. The American Revolution
• Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s
democratic and republic ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of government.
I. The ideals that inspired the
revolutionary cause reflected new
beliefs about politics, religion, and
society that had been developing
over the course of the 18th century.
C) During and after the American
Revolution, an increased awareness of
inequalities in society motivated some
individuals and groups to call for the abolition of
slavery and greater political democracy in
the new state and national governments.
Source: Period Context Outline, 2015 College Board
Photo source:
http://www.ushistory.org/us/images/00033615.jpg

3. Essential Questions
• What year did the American Revolution start?
• What are the social causes of the American
Revolution?
• The is the economic impact of the American
Revolution?
• What are some major events that impacted
the result of this war? Why?
• What were some of the differences in lifestyle
between the British and Continental army?

4. Anti-Fedralists
• Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s
democratic and republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of government.
– I. After declaring independence, American
political leaders created new constitutions and
declarations of rights that articulated the role
of the state and federal governments while
protecting individual liberties and limiting both
centralized power and excessive popular
influence.
• E) In the debate over ratifying the
Constitution, Anti-Federalists opposing
ratification battled with Federalists, whose
principles were articulated in the
Federalist Papers (primarily written by
Alexander Hamilton and James Madison).
Photo source:http://www.redherring.us/33-
ratification.html

5. Essential Questions
• How did the Federalist and Anti-Federalists
view the government differently?
• What was the controversy of the new
constitution?
• Who were the leaders of the Anti-Federalists?
• Did the anti-Federalists get what they
wanted?

6. Alexander Hamilton
• Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and republican
ideals inspired new experiments with
different forms of government.
– III.New forms of national culture and
political institutions developed in
the United States alongside
continued regional variations and
differences over economic, political,
social, and foreign policy issues.
• This led to the formation of
political parties — most
significantly the Federalists, led
by Alexander Hamilton, and the
Democratic-Republican Party,
led by Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison.
Photo
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ale
xander_Hamilton#/media/File:Alexander
_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_
1806.jpg

7. Essential Questions
• Did Hamilton’s national bank plan succeed?
• Was Hamilton a leader of the Anti-Fedralists
or the Federalists?
• What were Hamilton’s views on the
Constitution?

8. Articles of Confederation
Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic
and republican ideals inspired new experiments with
different forms of government.
II. After declaring independence, American
political leaders created new constitutions and
declarations of rights that articulated the role
of the state and federal governments while
protecting individual liberties and limiting
both centralized power and excessive popular
influence.
B) The Articles of Confederation
unified the newly independent
states, creating a central
government With limited power.
After the Revolution, difficulties
over international trade, finances,
interstate commerce, foreign
relations, and internal unrest led
to calls for a stronger central
government.
Photo source:
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib
/ourdocs/articles.html

9. Essential Questions
• What are the Articles of Confederations
mainly about?
• Who didn’t want the Articles of Confederation
the Federalists or the Anti- Federalists?
• How many Presidents served under the
Articles of Confederation?
• Why were the Articles of Confederations
replaced by the Constitution?

10. Bill of Rights
Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s
democratic and republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of government.
II. After declaring independence,
American political leaders created
new constitutions and declarations of
rights that articulated the role of
the state and federal governments
while protecting individual liberties
and limiting both centralized power
and excessive popular influence.
E. Federalists ensured the
ratification of the
Constitution by promising
the addition of a Bill of
Rights that enumerated
individual rights and
explicitly restricted the
powers of the federal
government.
Photo source: http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-
americanhistory/bill%20of%20rights.jpg

11. Essential Questions
• What did the bill of rights establish?
• Who wrote the bill of rights?
• Why did the Anti-Federalists want the Bill of
Rights with the constitution?
• Did the Bill of Rights protect the people or
protect the government?

12. Constitutional Convention
• Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals
inspired new experiments with different forms of government.
– II. After declaring independence, American political leaders created new
constitutions and declarations of rights that articulated the role of the state and
federal governments while protecting individual liberties and limiting both
centralized power and excessive popular influence.
• C) Delegates from the states participated in a Constitutional Convention and through
negotiation, collaboration, and compromise proposed a constitution that created a
limited but dynamic central government embodying federalism and providing for a
separation of powers between its three branches.
Photo Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose
_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution#/
media/File:Washington_Constitutional_Convention_17
87.jpg

13. Essential Questions
• Why was the constitutional convention held?
• What was resolved during the constitutional
convention?
• What representatives were present at this
constitution? How were these representatives
chosen?

14. Continental Army
• Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert
tighter control over its North American
colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue
self-government led to a colonial
independence movement and the
Revolutionary War.
– II. The desire of many colonists to assert
ideals of self-government in the face of
renewed British imperial efforts led to a
colonial independence movement and war
with Britain.
• E) Despite considerable loyalist opposition, as
well as Great Britain’s apparently
overwhelming military and financial
advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded
because of the actions of colonial militias and
the Continental Army, George Washington’s
military leadership, the colonists’ ideological
commitment and resilience, and assistance
sent by European allies.
Photo Source:
http://www.nps.gov/vafo/planyourvisi
t/march_in.htm

15. Essential Questions
• Who was the Continental army made up of?
• What did the Continental army protect?
• Who led the army? How was he leader
picked?

16. Common Sense
• Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and
republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of
government.
– I. The ideals that inspired the
revolutionary cause reflected new
beliefs about politics, religion, and
society that had been developing
over the course of the 18th century.
• B) The colonists’ belief in the
superiority of republican forms of
government based on the natural
rights of the people found
expression in Thomas Paine’s
Common Sense and the Declaration
of Independence. The ideas in these
documents resonated throughout
American history, shaping
Americans’ understanding of the
ideals on which the nation was
based.
Photo Source: http://americainclass.org/thomas-
paine-common-sense-1776/

17. Essential Questions
• What was the reason behind the writing of
common sense?
• What did Common Sense encourage?

18. Declaration of Independence
• Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and
republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of
government.
– I. The ideals that inspired the
revolutionary cause reflected new
beliefs about politics, religion, and
society that had been developing
over the course of the 18th century.
• B) The colonists’ belief in the
superiority of republican forms of
government based on the natural
rights of the people found expression
in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
and the Declaration of
Independence.
Photo Source:
http://www.founding.com/the_declaration_of_i/

19. Essential Questions
• Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
• What was the purpose of the Declaration of
Independence?
• What import figures during the Revolutionary
era signed the Declaration of Independence?

20. Enlightenment Ideas
• Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and
republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of
government.
– I. The ideals that inspired the
revolutionary cause reflected
new beliefs about politics,
religion, and society that had
been developing over the course
of the 18th century.
• A) Enlightenment ideas and
philosophy inspired many
American political thinkers to
emphasize individual talent
over hereditary privilege, while
religion strengthened
Americans’ view of themselves
as a people blessed with liberty. Photo Source:
https://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/UNIT+14+-
+THE+ENLIGHTENMENT?responseToken=0ffd849bcc24
ca049e7de87d676148a5d

21. Essential Questions
• What were enlightenment ideas influenced
by?
• What was effected most by these
Enlightenment Ideas?
• What did John Locke have to do with
Enlightenment Ideas?

22. George Washington’s Farewell Address
• Key Concept 3.3: Migration within
North America and competition
over resources, boundaries, and
trade intensified conflicts among
peoples and nations.
– II. The continued presence of
European powers in North America
challenged the United States to find
ways to safeguard its borders,
maintain neutral trading rights, and
promote its economic interests.
• C)George Washington’s Farewell
Address encouraged national unity,
as he cautioned against political
factions and warned about the
danger of permanent foreign
alliances.
Photo source :
http://www.emersonkent.com/speeches/farewell_
address_washington.htm

23. Essential Questions
• Why did George Washington write a farewell
address?
• What guidelines did America follow? What
guide lines did America not follow?
• What was George Washington’s biggest piece
of advice?

24. James Madison
Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and republican
ideals inspired new experiments with
different forms of government.
II. New forms of national culture
and political institutions
developed in the United States
alongside continued regional
variations and differences over
economic, political, social, and
foreign policy issues.
B) Political leaders in the 1790s
took a variety of positions on
issues such as the relationship
between the national
government and the states,
economic policy, foreign policy,
and the balance between liberty
and order. This led to the
formation of — most
significantly the Federalists , led
by Alexander Hamilton , and
Democratic-Republican Party, led
by and Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison#/medi
a/File:James_Madison.jpg

25. Essential Questions
• What party did James Madison support?
• When was James Madison apart of the
continental congress?
• When was James Madison president?

26. John Adams • Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and
republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms
of government.
– III. New forms of national culture and
political institutions developed in the
United States alongside continued
regional variations and differences
over economic, political, social, and
foreign policy issues.
• A) During the presidential
administrations of George Washington
and John Adams, political leaders created
institutions and precedents that put the
principles of the Constitution into
practice.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/US
_Navy_031029-N-6236G-
001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_(1735-
1826),_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B._
Durand_(1767-1845)-crop.jpg

27. Essential Questions
• What did John Adams support?
• Was John Adams ever a president and if so
what president was he?
• What did John Adams do?
• What party did John Adams support?

28. Loyalists
Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter
control over its North American colonies and the
colonial resolve to pursue self-government led to a
colonial independence movement and the
Revolutionary War.
– II. The desire of many colonists to assert ideals
of self-government in the face of renewed
British imperial efforts led to a colonial
independence movement and war with Britain.
• E) Despite considerable loyalist opposition,
as well as Great Britain’s apparently
overwhelming military and financial
advantages, the Patriot cause succeeded
because of the actions of colonial militias
and the Continental Army, George
Washington’s military leadership, the
colonists’ ideological commitment and
resilience, and assistance sent by European
allies. http://www.royalprovincial.com/mi
litary/rhist/voi/voilist.htm

29. Essential Questions
• Who did the Loyalists support?
What war were the Loyalists involved in?
• What were some victories of the Loyalists?
• Who were the Loyalists led by?

30. Northwest Ordinance
• Key Concept 3.3: Migration within
North America and competition over
resources, boundaries, and trade
intensified conflicts among peoples
and nations.
– I. In the decades after American
independence, interactions among
different groups resulted in competition for
resources, shifting alliances, and cultural
blending.
• C) As settlers moved westward during the
1780s, Congress enacted the Northwest
ordinance for admitting new states; the
ordinance promoted public education, the
protection of private property, and a ban on
slavery in the Northwest Territory.
http://2013apush.wikispaces.com/file/view/Northwest
%20Ordinance.jpg/420871868/Northwest%20Ordinanc
e.jpg

31. Essential Questions
• What states were included in the Northwest
Ordinance?
• Why was the Northwest Ordinance
important?
• Did this new territory allow slavery or deny it?
• What was an issue in the new states
pertaining representation?

32. Thomas Jefferson
• Key Concept 3.2: The American
Revolution’s democratic and
republican ideals inspired new
experiments with different forms of
government.
– II. New forms of national culture and
political institutions developed in the United
States alongside continued regional
variations and differences over economic,
political, social, and foreign policy issues.
• B) Political leaders in the 1790s took a variety
of positions on issues such as the relationship
between the national government and the
states, economic policy, foreign policy, and the
balance between liberty and order. This led to
the formation of — most significantly the
Federalists , led by Alexander Hamilton , and
Democratic-Republican Party, led by and
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Th
omas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg

33. Essential Questions
• Thomas Jefferson was a leader of________?
• What were Thomas Jefferson views on the
Constitution.
• Thomas Jefferson’s maintaining of the
economic well being of the United States
required what?

34. Patriots
• Key Concept 3.1: British attempts
to assert tighter control over its
North American colonies and the
colonial resolve to pursue self-
government led to a colonial
independence movement and the
Revolutionary War.
– II. The desire of many colonists to
assert ideals of self-government
in the face of renewed British
imperial efforts led to a colonial
independence movement and
war with Britain.
• D) In the face of economic
shortages and the British military
occupation of some regions, men
and women mobilized in large
numbers to provide financial and
material support to the Patriot
movement.
http://americanrevolutionhh.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/6
/3/16635582/3563974.jpeg

35. Essential Questions
• Who did the Patriots support?
• Name some leaders of the Patriots.
• What is the Olive Branch petition?

36. Seven Years War
• Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter control over its
North American colonies and the colonial resolve to pursue self-
government led to a colonial independence movement and the
Revolutionary War.
– I. The competition among the British, French, and American Indians for
economic and political advantage in North America culminated in the
Seven years’ War (the French and Indian War), in which Britain defeated
France and allied American Indians.
http://www.anglogenealogy.com/img/Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG

37. Essential Questions
• Who were the sons of liberty?
• What were the results of the Seven Years
War?
• What were 2 major turning points of this War?
• Who was involved in the Seven Years war?

38. INDEX
Title Page
The American Revolution
Anti-Federalists
Alexander Hamilton
Articles of Confederation
Bill of Rights
Constitutional Convention
Continental Army
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
Enlightenment Ideas
George Washington/ George Washington’s Farewell Address
James Madison
John Adams,
Loyalists
Northwest Ordinance
Patriots
Seven Years War
Thomas Jefferson

39. • Period 3 Outline: file:///C:/Users/229327/Downloads/Period%203%20Content%20Outline.pdf