Dystopia 1984 and tht context
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This document provides an overview of dystopian fiction and analyzes two classic dystopian novels: George Orwell's 1984 and Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. It discusses how both authors drew from real aspects of their contemporary societies to critique and satirize them. The context and key elements of the plots, settings, and characters of 1984 and The Handmaid's Tale are summarized.
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Dystopias
This document defines and discusses key elements of dystopian fiction. It notes that dystopias typically feature an oppressive and controlling government that exploits citizens. Various forms of control are used, like propaganda and surveillance. Citizens live in dehumanized states without freedom or individuality. However, dystopian stories often feature heroes who rebel against the authoritarian system. Examples of major dystopian works are provided.
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This document discusses dystopian novels and their main characteristics. It defines dystopian as a society characterized by human misery, oppression, disease, and overcrowding. It then lists some common traits of protagonists in these novels, including possessing individuality and questioning their oppressive societies. Finally, it outlines some key features of dystopian societies depicted in novels, such as totalitarian governments that control citizens through propaganda and restrict independent thought and dissent.
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The document discusses genres in film. It defines genre as a "type" or "kind" of film that provides audiences information about what to expect in terms of iconography and conventions. Genres can be rigid, adhering closely to conventions for mainstream appeal, or flexible, with more artistic freedom for niche, independent films. The document also discusses how genres have evolved over time, with subgenres, hybrids, and mixing of conventions allowing more creative expression within established frameworks. Quentin Tarantino's films are used as an example of mixing genres conventions in unique ways that challenge expectations and require active audience interpretation.
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This document presents an analysis of traits from fairy tales that are present in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby." It discusses the social context of 1922 America, provides an introduction to the novel and its setting, and analyzes how characters like Daisy Buchanan exhibit behaviors typical of fairy tale princesses. Gender roles and symbols in the novel are also compared to traditional fairy tale elements. While the plot includes modern issues like corruption, it shares similarities with classic fairy tale structure through its use of symbols, character archetypes, and conclusion that promises a happy life after strife.
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Blade Runner reflects the social, cultural, and political contexts of the 1980s. There were fears of growing economic power in Japan, globalization, immigration, and loss of American culture. Environmental issues were also emerging in mainstream culture. The dystopian cityscape in Blade Runner reflected anxieties of the white middle class who viewed cities as dangerous and chaotic. However, some may find more freedom and anonymity in such an unplanned urban environment. The film also touches on issues of enforced slavery and marginalization.
Dystopia
This document defines utopias and dystopias, their origins and characteristics. A utopia is an ideal place while a dystopia is a flawed or bad place. Dystopias are often used in literature to criticize current societal trends by depicting a worse future. They typically show a society with oppressive control through propaganda, restricted freedom and individuality. The protagonist often questions the system. Common forms of control in dystopian societies include corporate, bureaucratic, technological or ideological domination. Traits of dystopian fiction include depicting a seemingly perfect world that is actually flawed, featuring advanced technology, and including a protagonist who rebels against the system.
Dystopia
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This document provides context and summaries about George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. It discusses how Orwell was inspired by his experiences witnessing totalitarian regimes in Spain, Germany, and the Soviet Union. It then summarizes some of the key aspects of the novel, including its depiction of a totalitarian society called Oceania led by Big Brother, the use of surveillance and propaganda to control citizens, and Winston Smith's acts of rebellion through his diary and relationship with Julia. The document also analyzes some of the novel's major themes around censorship, language control, erasing history and memory, and the human desire for truth and freedom in opposition to totalitarian rule.
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This document defines dystopias and utopias and outlines common characteristics of dystopian societies and types of social control depicted in dystopian works. A dystopia is an imagined society that maintains an illusion of perfection through oppressive controls like propaganda, restricted freedom and information. Dystopian protagonists often question the social system and help the audience see flaws by feeling trapped in their dehumanizing world.
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George Orwell's dystopian novel 1984 explores an oppressive future society controlled through propaganda, surveillance, and the restriction of information and independent thought. The protagonist Winston Smith questions the social and political system but struggles to escape, representing citizens who feel something is terribly wrong with their world. Through Winston's perspective, Orwell critiques trends towards totalitarian control and the illusion of a perfect yet oppressive society.
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The document discusses several key aspects of dystopian literature:
1) It provides 6 examples of dystopian novels, their publication dates, and main features like totalitarian governments, mass surveillance, and loss of individuality.
2) Common themes in dystopian novels include societies that appear perfect but are corrupt, totalitarian control, loss of civil liberties, and the protagonist opposing the dystopian system.
3) Dystopias often serve as political warnings by referencing contemporary issues like industrialization, propaganda, youth culture, and advancing technology.
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The counterculture and reform movements
The counterculture movement began in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a reaction against the conservative 1950s and the threat of nuclear war. Led by the Beat Generation in New York and San Francisco, the counterculture rejected materialism and experimented with jazz, drugs, sex, and Eastern religions through literary works like Howl by Allen Ginsberg and On the Road by Jack Kerouac. The movement influenced psychedelic art and music in the 1960s, with LSD being promoted by figures like Timothy Leary before being made illegal in 1966. By the late 1960s, the counterculture had grown to include rock music and anti-war protests, but began to decline with drug overdoses and
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The document discusses utopias and dystopias. Utopia comes from Greek words meaning "no place" and was coined by Thomas More to describe an ideal society without poverty or misery. Related concepts include religious ideals of Eden or Nirvana and the idea that advanced science could end suffering. A dystopia is the opposite - an imaginary fearful place where people live dehumanized lives under totalitarian control. Characteristics of dystopian societies in literature include a poor standard of living, a protagonist who questions the system, and serving as a warning about current societal trends taken to an extreme.
Black skin white mask critical overview.
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A dystopian society is characterized by oppressive control, maintained through propaganda and restrictions on independent thought and information. Citizens live in constant fear and conformity, under surveillance in a dehumanized state. The natural world is distrusted. A protagonist questions the oppressive systems and helps the audience recognize the society's negative aspects through their perspective. Dystopian stories are often about survival in the face of oppression and rebellion, taking place in devastated cities as a warning about current trends.
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Feminists seek to challenge unequal power structures and gender roles in society. They argue that society is patriarchal, meaning it is dominated by male rule and power. The media plays a key role in shaping dominant ideas about appropriate gender roles and stereotypes. Traditional stereotypes present femininity as caring, nurturing, emotional and passive, while masculinity is depicted as tough, rational, and active. However, some argue newer stereotypes have simply replaced old ones without truly empowering women. Feminist movements have aimed to challenge these stereotypes and fight for women's social, political, and legal equality.
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Dystopia 1984 and tht context
- 2. Dystopian novels • Often set in an imaginary future. • Aim is to criticise real aspects of current society • Satire or warning • Can be disturbing
- 3. Wider reading: Dystopian Novels 1. The Chrysalids – John Wyndham 2. A Clockwork Orange- Anthony Burgess 3. The Hunger Games- Suzanne Collins 4. Brave New World – Aldous Huxley 5. The Time Machine – H.G. Wells 6. The Running Man – Richard Bachman (Stephen King) 7. The Children of Men – P.D. James 8. Fahrenheit 451 – Ray Bradbury 9. A Scanner Darkly; Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep- Philip K Dick 10. Never Let Me Go – Kazuo Ishigura
- 4. Margaret Atwood on ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ “One of the tasks I set myself when writing the novel was to avoid including any practices which had not already happened somewhere, at some time. One of the functions of the Historical Notes is to indicate the origins of some of the practices described in the novel. But it is vital to understand that every single one of the practices described in the novel is drawn from the historical record.”
- 5. George Orwell 1984 was written ‘to alter other people’s idea of the kind of society they should strive after’
- 6. Social critique • What aspects of society do Orwell and Atwood criticise in 1984 and The Handmaid’s Tale?
- 7. Fiction and reality What historical/ contemporary parallels can you think of for the following elements of The Handmaid’s Tale / 1984? 1) Uniforms denoting your social position? 2) Public execution? 3) Torture? 4) Religious wars? 5) Propaganda and censorship? 6) Resistance movements? 7) An underground railroad? 8) ‘Re-education’? 9) Testifying? 10) Enforced religious conversion? 11) Surveillance and spying? 12) Enforced attendance at certain rituals and ceremonies? 13) Rewriting the past
- 8. 1984: The Author • George Orwell, 1903- 1950 • Politically motivated writer (socialist) • As well as novels, wrote numerous articles and non-fiction pieces. • Wrote 1984 in 1948. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk
- 9. Context of 1984 • Written in ’48, 3 years after the end of WW2. • World still in state of uncertainty after the traumas of war. • Huge divide emerging between Communist USSR and capitalist West. Beginning of the ‘Cold War’. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk
- 10. Setting • The novel is set in a future British society, years after a nuclear war has occurred. • Society is split into two groups- Party members and Proles. • Every aspect of a Party member’s life is controlled by the Party- individual freedom does not exist. • Party members are constantly watched for signs of disagreement with the party. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk
- 11. Characters • Winston Smith: the protagonist in the story, a party member who resents the control the party exerts. • Big Brother: the semi-mythical leader of the Party. Images of his face are omnipresent in society. © 2002 www.teachit.co.uk
- 12. Margaret Atwood • 1939 – Present • Canadian novelist and poet • The Handmaid’s Tale – started writing in 1984 and first published 1985 • Influenced by Orwell http:// www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jan/18/my-hero-
- 13. Context of The Handmaid’s Tale • Strongly feminist vision of dystopia. • Written shortly after the elections of Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in Great Britain • A reaction to religious conservatives who criticized the excesses of the “sexual revolution” of the 1960s and 1970s. • Feminists feared that the gains women had made in previous decades would be reversed.
- 14. Setting • Future society in which birth rates are falling • Characters are segregated by categories and dressed according to their social functions. • Women are categorised hierarchically according to class status and reproductive capacity
- 15. Characters • Narrator: Offred, a ‘handmaid’ who is illegally telling her story • The Eyes : a shadowy figure/organisation of control
- 16. Writing Dystopia in 2014 What current issues might be addressed in a modern dystopian text? Write down as many as you can think of •Freedom of information •Designer babies •Cloning •Genetic modification