Approach to Diarrhea
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How to evaluate a patient with Diarrhea. Outline of the presentation: 1. Questions to ask the patient presenting with Diarrhea 2. Diarrhea, pathophysiology, classification 3. Walk-through UpToDate Algorithm for Acute and Chronic Diarrhea
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Approach to a patient with diarrhea
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing a patient presenting with diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and outlines the main pathophysiological causes. It emphasizes taking a thorough history, examining the patient, considering differential diagnoses, and appropriate use of laboratory tests and imaging. Mild to moderate dehydration is typically managed with oral rehydration, while more severe cases may require IV fluids. Antibiotics are only recommended for specific invasive bacterial infections. Overall treatment focuses on rehydration with oral or IV fluids as the mainstay.
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Approach to a patient with diarrhea
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing a patient presenting with diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and outlines the main pathophysiological causes. It emphasizes taking a thorough history, examining the patient, considering differential diagnoses, and appropriate use of laboratory tests and imaging. Mild to moderate dehydration is typically managed with oral rehydration, while more severe cases may require IV fluids. Antibiotics are only recommended for specific invasive bacterial infections. Overall treatment focuses on rehydration with oral or IV fluids as the mainstay.
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3) A 38-year-old man with liver dysfunction and severe neurological symptoms. Tests confirmed Wilson's disease affecting both the liver and brain.
4) A 2-year-old asymptomatic girl with a family history. Testing revealed subclinical Wilson's disease,
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Acute diarrhea is caused by infections spread through the fecal-oral route. It affects over 1.7 billion people globally each year and causes 760,000 deaths in children under 5. The key to management is fluid replacement to prevent dehydration through oral rehydration solutions. Antimicrobial treatment is usually not needed for acute infectious diarrhea but may be used for invasive bacteria like Shigella or Salmonella to prevent systemic complications. Proper hygiene and sanitation can help limit the spread of diarrhea-causing illnesses.
Git 6th acute diarrhea
Acute diarrhea is caused by infections spread through the fecal-oral route. It affects over 1.7 billion people globally each year and causes 760,000 deaths in children under 5. The key aspects of management are fluid replacement to prevent dehydration, using oral rehydration solutions, and antimicrobial treatment only for invasive infections or immunocompromised patients to prevent antibiotic resistance. Proper sanitation and hygiene can help limit the transmission of infectious agents causing acute diarrhea.
Unit 4 presentation on diarrhea by Anjali yadav.pptx
Diarrhea is defined as having 3 or more loose stools per day. Globally, nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrhea occur annually, making it a leading cause of death among children under 5. Diarrhea can be acute or chronic based on duration, and causes include infections, drugs, diet, surgery, and other miscellaneous factors. Management involves oral rehydration therapy to replace lost fluids, administering prescribed medications, maintaining nutrition, and educating on prevention.
presentation.presentation slides by ptx
This document discusses diarrhea and vomiting in pediatric patients. It begins by defining diarrhea and vomiting and listing learning objectives. It then covers etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, medical management including rehydration therapy, nursing management, and preventative measures for diarrhea. For vomiting, it defines vomiting, discusses physiology and causes. It also covers differential diagnosis and clinical manifestations of vomiting and red flag symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation for acute vomiting is also mentioned.
Irritable bowel syndrome
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
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Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a functional disorder leading to the sensing of outlet obstruction in the absence of any pathological findings. In this article, we also provide the etiology of acquired constipation. Constipation is a very common presentation by the patients of a practicing surgeon. Any constipation that defies the existing understanding merits consideration for its evaluation for ODS. Constipation can be of primary or secondary variety. After clinically excluding the usual causes of constipation and ruling out colonic motility disorders, specialised investigations like dynamic defecography help in further management of ODS.
Approach to Diarrhea and constipation
This document provides an overview of the approach to diarrhea and constipation. It begins with defining normal gastrointestinal physiology, focusing on fluid absorption and secretion in the small intestine and colon. It then defines diarrhea and discusses the classification of acute diarrhea by duration. Infectious causes are the most common, with viruses, bacteria, and protozoa being the main pathogens. The approach to a patient with acute diarrhea involves initial assessment, managing dehydration, expectant management, investigating for specific causes if severe or persistent, and reporting outbreaks to public health authorities.
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This document discusses rumination disorder in a 16-year-old female patient. Rumination disorder involves repeatedly regurgitating and rechewing or reswallowing food after eating. It is considered a learned behavior rather than a medical condition. Treatment involves behavioral therapy like relaxation techniques and diaphragmatic breathing. For severe cases with weight loss, enteral nutrition may be needed. Multidisciplinary teams including nutrition, psychology, and gastroenterology have been shown to help patients learn to stop the rumination behavior through programs that focus on eating skills.
Diarrhea and vomiting
Diarrhea and vomiting in children
Vomiting (throwing up) and diarrhea (frequent, watery bowel movements) can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, foods that are hard to digest (such as too many sweets) and other things.
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Approach to Diarrhea
- 1. Approach to Diarrhea Benazir Bhutto Hospital Dr. Khubaib Samdani Medical Unit - 1 Evaluating the Patient With Diarrhea
- 2. Outline Of My Presentation Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1 Questions to ask the patient presenting with Diarrhea Diarrhea, pathophysiology, classification Walk-through UpToDate Algorithm for Acute and Chronic Diarrhea 1. 2. 3.
- 3. What is Diarrhea Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1 Diarrhea is a symptom or sign, not a disease, and can be caused by numerous conditions. Diarrhea can be defined by increased stool frequency, liquidity, or volume. Diarrhea is objectively defined as passing a stool weight or volume greater than 200 g or 200 mL per 24 hours.
- 4. Medical Unit - 1 Benazir Bhutto Hospital Talley & O'Connor's Clinical Examination - 8th Edition Source:
- 5. Osmotic Diarrhea: unabsorbed substance draws water from the plasma into the intestinal lumen along osmotic gradients. Secretory Diarrhea: disordered electrolyte transport and, despite the term, is more commonly caused by decreased absorption rather than net secretion. Inflammatory Diseases: cause diarrhea with exudative, secretory, or osmotic components. Altered Motility: of the intestine or colon may alter fluid absorption by increasing or decreasing the exposure of luminal content to intestinal absorptive surface. Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1
- 6. Medical Unit - 1 Benazir Bhutto Hospital Classification and Pathophysiology of Diarrhea
- 7. Evaluation of acute diarrhea in adults
- 13. Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea in Adults
- 17. Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1 Source: Davidson's Principles and Practices of Medicine - 23rd Edition
- 18. Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1 Important Points - Rule out fecal incontinence and fecal impaction. - Rule out medications as a cause of diarrhea (drug-induced diarrhea) - Consider factitious diarrhea.
- 19. Benazir Bhutto Hospital Medical Unit - 1 Categorization of Diarrhea
- 20. Thank you for your attention
- 21. References Sweetser S. Evaluating the patient with diarrhea: a case-based approach. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(6):596-602. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.015 https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=ID%2F68348 Davidson's Principles and Practices of Medicine - 23rd Edition Talley & O'Connor's Clinical Examination - 8th Edition