This document discusses several key principles of applied bioethics in healthcare, including informed consent, issues around beginning and end of life, helping those suffering, and relationships with other healthcare providers. It outlines the importance of informed consent in protecting patient autonomy and involvement in their own care. It also addresses ethical considerations around pregnancy, caring for dying patients with dignity, understanding and addressing patient suffering, and maintaining respectful relationships with other healthcare professionals and organizations.

1. By :
GROUP 2

2.  Knowledge is useful if it results in a change in
behavior.
 Having learned the Ethical principles, the
healthcare provider is challenged to apply these
principles in his daily life & act accordingly.
 Main Areas of Applied Bioethics:
- Free & Informed consent
- Issues of the Beginning and End of Life
- Helping The Suffering
- Relating to other Health Care Givers

3.  An ideal connected to the principles of
autonomy & respect for person.
 Recognizing that every person is primarily
responsible for his own body, free and
informed consent introduced into patient
care as an a means of protecting a patient’s
personal integrity & enhancing the patient’s
active role in his own care.

4.  2 Main Functions:
1. Protective - To safeguard against
intrusion of integrity.
2. Participative – To be involved in medical
decision making.

5.  Knowledge
- Information disclosure by the healthcare
giver. The truth of the proposed action, its
nature, probable benefits, possible risks and
other alternative options or all information
relevant to a meaningful decision making
processes must be given to the patient.

6.  Comprehension by the subject
- The information must be given in words
and manner that can be easily understood by
the subject.
- Distorted, unfamiliar and unsuitable
information, poor information processing,
overload, selective perception, etc. must be
avoided. It may lead the subject to accept
information given without appreciating it.

7.  Consent
- Subject competence: The subject must
be able to make decisions based on rational
reasons.
- Subject freedom: The subject must be
able to chose and act without undue pressure
of time, emotional upset, confusion,
persuasion, coercion, threat, deception,
manipulation, fear or other forms of control by
others.

8.  When informed consent cannot be given by
the patient, the patient’s family or guardian
or representative provides it.

9.  Both the Catholic Church & the Philippine
Constitution recognize the sacredness of life
from the time of conception.
 A child must be the fruit of the conjugal
union between husband and wife.

10.  Caring for the pregnant patient is unique.
 Treating the mother automatically treats the
child and vice versa so that when decisions
are made, the health and welfare of one
must be mutually balanced by the health and
welfare of the other.

11.  Life is a gift, which as good stewards, we
have to protect and defend. But life can be
sustained for only so long, ultimately the
death claims us all.
 Many healthcare providers have difficulties
accepting death and managing the dying
patient.
 Every healthcare provider must learn how
to face death and help his patient accept
death when dying is the only option open.

12.  No one needs to die neglected, alone,
shunted by disease , hooked on tubes and to
machines or isolated from families and loved
ones.
 Death with dignity, human death an d a good
death must be available.
 They must be assured that the patient will
not be abandoned and that he is forgiven for
dying. To attain these, the healthcare
provider therefore must :

13. 1. Communicate compassionately, tell “ bad” news early
enough to provide time for the patient to accept it
and make the best use of this most important limited
time of his life.
2. Use technology prudently. Recognize the realm of the
medical futility and avoid disproportionate means to
maintain life at ali costs.
3. Relieve pain effectively. The dying man offers fears
dying with pain. It limits freedom and independence
,causes anxiety, rejection and marginalization and
often robs a person of his dignity and sense of
identity.

14. 4. Approach the patient holistically, focusing on
the entire person giving physical, psychological,
mental, emotional, moral and spiritual support.
The healthcare provider must provide
palliative or comfort care, minimize the patient’s
symptoms and maximize his interaction with
others.
In summary, the healthcare provider must be
a companion in his patient’s final journey, be in
solidarity with his patient and be present to
receive the gift of the dying.

15.  It is inevitable.
 Without understanding suffering, however
the healthcare provider cannot fullfill this
obligation.
 Suffering is wider than physical pain or
sickness, more complex, more deeply rooted
in humanity itself. It is damage to the
integrity of a patient’s personhood.

16.  Must first recognize the particular suffering of
his patient and carefully listen to what the
patient says.
 His presence must manifest awareness of,
bear witness to,& validate the suffering.
 He must sit with the patient & touch him.

17.  He must respond to it with compassion: to
alleviate whenever possible, to lend strength
& support always.
 He must help the patient locate it
spiritually, join with his suffering; let in &
awaken his love for God & fellowman.
 He must help the patient make suffering
meaningful & peace filled by seeing it not as
a moral evil in itself, but with human &
supernatural benefits when rightly used.

18.  A healthcare professional deals not only
with his patient & his patient’s family but
also with colleagues in his profession, other
healthcare professionals, his professional
organization & society.
 He should, with colleagues both in his own
profession & in the other healthcare
professions, recognize that they all have a
common goal : better health for everyone.
 They should work as a team with
responsibility, support and respect.

19.  Mutual responsibility means each one doing
his best & helping the others do their best.
 Mutual support means senior members
teaching junior members, healthy members
assisting impaired colleagues and repairing
defects caused by them.
 Mutual respect means listening to other’s
suggestions, encouraging others to play their
roles and acknowledging their contribution.

20.  The healthcare professional must work
towards uplifting the standards of his
profession through Continuing Medical
Education program participation and self-
regulation with correction of erring
members.
 The healthcare professional as a member of
society, must work towards the creation of a
safe environment, the implementation of a
just healthcare program and the discovery of
truth through research.

21.  The manner healthcare is delivered often
rests on the kind of person the healthcare
provider is.
 Virtues are acquired habits or dispositions to
do what is morally right.
 They are traits of character that dispose its
possessor to act in accordance with moral
principles, rules and ideals.