3. history
Woodblock printing 200 AD
Photostat and rectigraph 1907
Screen printing 1911
Spirit duplicator 1923
Dot matrix printing 1925
Xerography 1938
Phototypesetting 1949
Inkjet printing 1951
Dye-sublimation 1957
Laser printing 1969
Thermal printing c. 1972
3D printing 1981
Solid Ink printing 1986
Digital printing 1991
4. Applications
• Micro printing – anti-counterfeiting technique in digital methods.
• In 1934 Albert Boni worked to develop microprint – micro opaque in
which pages were photographed using 35mm microfilm & printed
on cards using offset lithography.
• Li ion batteries ,anode-graphite, still research cathode,electrolye .
• Reducing size in nano battery, higher conductivity.
• Power in both charge and discharge.
5. (contd.)
• MEMS –Microelectrode mechanical systems –reducing the
possibility of batteries catching fire- less flammable.
• MEMS – 1 to 100 micrometers to millimeter
• Electro discharge machining
• Inkjet printers – piezoelectrics
• Accelerometers in modern cars
• MEMS –gyroscopes –news
• Si pressure sensors
• Displays e.g., DMD digital micrometer device