Ananya Kumar is a first semester BTech Biotechnology student with enrollment number A70104121047. The document discusses the definition and applications of biotechnology in various fields such as industry, agriculture, forensics, and healthcare. Biotechnology uses living organisms like plant and animal cells and enzymes to develop useful products for humans. It plays an important role in improving lives through advances in medicine, agriculture, food processing and more.

1. NAME - ANANYA KUMAR
ENROLLMENT NO - A70104121047
SEMESTER -1
COURSE - BTECH BIOTECHNOLOGY
BATCH -2021-25
APPLICATION & ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
➢ Biotechnology is a broad area of biology; involving the use of
living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
➢ It is the field that exploits living organisms to make technological
advances in various fields for the sustainable development of
mankind.
BIOTECHNOLOGY: BLEND OF BOTH BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.
It deals with the techniques of using:
• Plant animal cells
• Living organisms
• Enzymes
to produce and develop products and
processes useful to humans.

2. APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
✓ FORENSIC
✓ INDUSTRIAL
✓ MEDICAL
✓ BREEDING
✓ ENVIORNMENTAL CONSERVATION
✓ HEALTHCARE
✓ BIOFUELS
✓ FOOD PROCESSING
THE VARIOUS TYPES AND APPLICATIONS
OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN VARIOUS FIELD:

3. ➢ IN INDUSTRY→ WHITE BIOTECHNOOGY
o Improvement in Fermentation Products:
Selection of improved strain
Transgene application into the microorganism
Using cheaper raw material
Manipulation of medium constituent
Simulation of the reactor
o Microbial Production of Synthetic Fuels:
Important fuels can be produced by using many microbes
including ethanol, methane, hydro-gen and hydrocarbons.
Methane that is used in various industrial purposes can be
produced by Clostridia, Bacteriodes, Sclenomonas,
Butyrovibrio, from the waste.
o Microbial Mining i.e Bioleaching:
The process of bioleaching recovers metals from ores
which are not suitable for direct smelting because of their
low content.
The metals are dissolved from ore bearing rocks using
microorganisms.
The application of bioleaching is used in uranium ore.
o Microbial Biomass and Single Cell Pro-tein Production:
Microbial protein of commercial significnce is the microbial
biomass i.e the microbial cells – commercially produced
yeast cells, bacteria.
Single cell proteins are the dried cells of microorganisms
such as algae, certain bacteria, yeasts, moulds and some
higher fungi.
Protein percentages for various single cell proteins are
high.

4. o Production of Enzymes and Human Proteins:
Bulk of the enzymes are obtained from microbes by
fermentation process.
Plant enzymes are used like ‘papain’ from Carica papaya,
bromelain from Ananas cosmosus, ‘ficin’ from Ficus
glabrata. These enzymes are used in meat tenderizing, as
protein hydro lysates in beer industry, in clinical application.
Recombinant DNA technology can be used for the improved
production of enzymes and proteins
o Production of Secondary Metabolites from Cultured
Plant:
Pharmaceutical compounds like shikonin is being produced
as secondary products with the use of two-stage bioreactor
by stimulating the growth phase with the application of
growth regulators.
o Molecular Farming for Healthcare Pro-ducts:
Transgenic plants can be used as factories for production of
speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals like sugars, fatty
acids, wax materials as well as antibodies, edible vaccines.
The progress is so far reaching that human antibody
production through plant seeds has been achieved.
✓ Industrial processes have become more
efficient and environment friendly by using
biotechnology.
✓ The production of enzymes has increased
in large quantities, as enzymes are used
as biocatalyst in production of many
chemicals in industry.

5. ➢ IN AGRICULTURAL FIELD – GREEN BIOTECHNOLGY
✓ Application of biotechnology in the field of agriculture has greatly
reduced the usage of fertilizers and chemicals.
• Genetically Engineered Crops, Genetic engineering rDNA
technology:
Using genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology,
genes for the desired trait are introduced in the species. This type
of genetically modified plant species is known as GM crop. It is a
technology in which one or more genes are modified deliberately
in the lab. This is achieved by the process of using recombinant
DNA (rDNA) technology, thereby altering the genetic makeup of
an organism.
These GM plants have many benefits:
:
✓ Crops can be made insect and pest
resistant
✓ Nutritional value of the food can be
increased
✓ Increases the yield by many folds
✓ Reduces the use of harmful
chemicals and fertilizers
✓ Crops can be made more tolerant to
environmental stress
✓ Efficient mineral utilization by plants
✓ Yield can also be increased by having
a short maturing period

6. Examples of GM Plants
✓ Golden rice: Vitamin A enriched variety of rice.
✓ Bt. cotton, Bt. corn: Bacillus thuringiensis produces an insecticidal
protein, known as Bt toxin. These insect-specific Bt toxin genes
are incorporated into the genome of certain plants like cotton,
corn. These modified crops have insect resistant quality.
✓ Pest resistant tobacco plant: A nematode Meloidogyne incognita
lives as a parasite in the root of tobacco plants. The plant is made
resistant to infection by using the RNA interference technique.
The nematode specific genes are introduced in the plant using
Agrobacterium vector. The transgenic plant produces double-
stranded RNA, which silences mRNA of the nematode and they
are unable to survive.
✓ Virus resistant plants: The gene encoding for the protein of virus
coat is transferred to the host plant resulting in the virus-
resistant plant species. This has been used to produce virus-
resistant squash.
✓ Flavr Savr Tomato: Gene responsible for the production of the
enzyme 877jhv polygalacturonase is blocked. This enzyme is
responsible for degrading pectin and softening of the fruit. The
transgenic variety of tomato can stay fresh and retain flavour for
a longer duration.

7. o Tissue culture:
Tissue culture involves nurturing fragments of plant or animal tissue in a
controlled environment where they survive and continue to grow. For this
tissue has to be isolated first.
o Molecular-gene markers:
In genetic engineering, Molecular-gene markers are specific segments of
DNA that are associated with a particular location within the genome.
o Molecular diagnostics:
Molecular diagnostics is a set of techniques used to analyze biological
markers in the genome and proteome. It helps in determining how their cells
express their genes as proteins.
o Vaccine:
It is a formulation that is injected into a host body to stimulate a desired
immune response. It helps in preventing various diseases such as polio. Its
production is carried out widely currently to fight against covid.
Biotechnology has contributed a lot to the
field of agriculture, they include:
✓ Organic agriculture
✓ Agro-chemical based agriculture
✓ Genetically engineered crop-based
agriculture

8. ➢ IN FORENSICS- RED BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology is root of any DNA Forensics (Identification) application.
It helps in following:
✓ Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left
at crime scene
✓ Identify exonerate persons wrongly accused of crimes
✓ Identify crime and catastrophe victims
✓ Establish paternity and other family relationships
✓ Identify endangered and protected species as an aid to wildlife
officials
✓ Detect bacteria and other organisms that may pollute air, water,
soil, and food
✓ Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs
✓ Determine pedigree for seed or livestock breeds
✓ Biotechnology is used by forensic scientists to collect or
process trace evidence such as hair, skin, blood or semen
samples, which is found at crime scenes.
✓ An important aspect of modern forensics is the use of DNA
profiling, or genetic fingerprinting. Sources of DNA include
blood, hair, semen, saliva, bone and tissue
✓ Analysis of proteins in blood (serology), other body fluids and
body tissues are some of the tradi-tional methods in forensic
analysis.

9. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
✓ It plays a very important role in human welfare, human
health and has revolutionized mankind.
✓ It offers renewable source of food, energy, and even
industrial chemicals and keeps us healthy in our
contemporary lives through advanced biotech products
✓ It helps improve yields, lower costs, and reduce pesticide
use.
✓ It is also used to get rid of toxic and harmful chemicals
and materials to help solve environmental problems.
✓ It uses enzymes and microorganisms to make biological
products in sectors such as food ingredients, chemicals,
detergents, biofuels, textiles and paper manufacturing.
✓ It also helps in increasing the number of endangered
plant by tissue culture method.
VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN OUR
EVERYDAY LIVES IN DIFFERENT
FIELDS SUCH AS MEDICINE,
AGRICULTURE, FOOD
PROCESSING TO PRODUCE
USEFUL PRODUCTS FOR
HUMAN BENEFITS.

11. THIS VENN-DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATE THE INTERDEPENDENT NATURE
OF VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC FIELDS ON BIOTECHNOLOGY.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BYJUS
CIVIL SERVICES GUIDE
WIKIPEDIA
VEDANTU
BINGE IMAGES
NCERT BIOLOGY CLASS 12