This document discusses different types of application architectures like host-based, client-based, client-server, peer-to-peer, and cloud computing architectures. It also describes the four basic functions of application software as data storage, application logic, data access, and presentation logic. Additionally, it compares host-based and client-server networks, defines middleware, discusses switching from host-based to client-server architecture, and compares two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier client-server architectures.

1. 1. What are the different types of application architectures?
a. Host-Based Architectures.
b. Client-Based Architectures.
c. Client Server-Architectures.
d. Peer to Peer Architectures.
e. Choosing Architectures.
f. A monster Client Server Architectures.
g. Cloud Computing Architectures.
2. Describe the four basic functions of an application software
package.
a Data Storage. Storing of data generated by programs (e.g
Files, records).
b. Application Logic. This is inline of Business login such as
work processors, spreadsheets and presentation application.
c. Data access for processing required accessing stored data like
SQL, Oracle data base etc,
d. Presentation logic info to user and acceptance of users
commands.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
host-based networks versus client–server networks?
The advantage for host-based network centralized security Integrated
architecture from single vendor simpler, centralization installation.
Client -Server balanced processing commands and lower cost
inexpensive infrastructure can use software and hardware from different
vendors scalabilities.
The disadvantages. Having all processing on host mat lead to overload
cost of software and upgrades expensive infrastructure terminal totally
dependent on server.

2. Client to client problems with using software from different vendors is
more complex installation helps greatly in this area.
4. What is middleware, and what does it do?
Middleware manages client -server message transfer and shields
application software from impacts to hardware changes. Middleware
provides standard communication between products of different vendors
through translation.
5. Suppose your organization was contemplating switching
from a host-based architecture to client–server.
What problems would you foresee?
Security would be one area of major concern, since processing can be
done on individual workstations.
6. Compare two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier
client–server architectures. What are the technical differences,
and what advantages and disadvantages does
each offer?
Two-tiered architectures have only client and servers. Three-tiered
architecture typically separate application logic, data access logic,
presentation logic and storage.
7. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
The benefits of cloud computing is to maximize data storage and
potentially lower cost and scalability.
8. Compare the three-cloud computing
models.

3. 9. What is a network computer?
A Computer network support internet access but has no hard drive disk
local storage.
10. For what is HTTP used? What are its major parts?
The standard protocol for communication between a Web browser and a
Web server is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). An HTTP request
from a Web browser to a web server has three parts. Only the first part is
required, the other two are optional.
The Major parts is that it request line which start with a command and
provides the URL and ends with HTTP version number that the browser
understands.
The request body which contains information sent to the server, such as
information from a form.
The format of an HTTP response from the server to the browser is very
similar to the browser request. It has three parts, but only the last is
required, the first two is optional. The response status, which contains
the HTTP version number the server has used, a status code and reason
phrase.
The request header which contains a variety of optional information
such as the Web browser being used (e.g) Internet Explorer), the date
and a user ID and Password for use if the Web Page is password
protected.
11. Describe how a Web browser and Web server work
together to send aWeb page to a user
The standard protocol for communication between a Web browser and a
web server is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) The user must type
the initernet uniform resources locator. URL for the page to open. The

4. URL specifies the internet address of the web server and directory and
name of the specific page wanted. In order for the request from the Web
browser to be understood by the web server, they must use the same
standard protocol. The standard protocol for the communication between
a Web browser and a Web server is Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
12. What are the major parts of an email message?
The major part of an email is the header that list the source destination
eg. info@idglobaltech.com and on the email, it contains the date and
time of the sender. The body contains the message and also the signature
of the sender below in the body of the message.