Easy introduction and description of hip joint

2. HIP JOINT

3. GROUP MEMBERS
• SANA NASEER (Introduction)
• TAQDEES MANZOOR (Ligaments)
• NIMRA BASHEER (Muscles and Movements)
• AMNA WAJAHAT (Common Injuries of the HIP)
• MARIAM ANWAR (Common Injuries of the HIP)
• MALKA RABIA (Summary)

4. OBJECTIVES
• Introduction
• Types & Variety
• Articulation
• Ligaments
• Muscles & Movements
• Nerve Supply
• Injuries
• Summary

5. INTRODUCTION
Forms connection b/w pelvic girdle and lower limb.
• Hip joint allows the same movement as shoulder joint , but
range of motion is restricted .
TYPES & VARIETY
• Synovial joint of ball n socket
variety.
• Multi-axial joint.
• Allow movement in all three planes.

6. ARTICULATION
Head of femur articulate with acetabulum of hip bone.
• Head of femur is covered with hyaline cartilage except
at fovea capitis
• Acetabulum present a lunate articular surface
acetabular knoth & fossa.
STABILITY
Hip joint has high degree of stability
 Stability depends on
i. Depth of acetabulum
ii. Tension & strength of ligaments
iii. Tension & strength of muscles
iv. Length & obliquity of neck of femur

7. LIGAMENTS
The hip joint is further strengthened by the
presence of strong ligaments.
 The ligament of hip joint include:
i. Ischio-femoral ligament
ii. Ilio-femoral ligament
iii. Pubo-femoral ligament
iv. Trnsverse acetabular ligament

8. Iliofemoral ligament
• It is inverted y shaped
ligament of bigelow, lies
anteriorly.
• It is one of the strongest
ligament of body.
• It prevents the trunk
from falling backwards in
the standing posture.
• It is triangular in shape.

9. Pubofemoral Ligament
• It support the joint
inferomedially.
• It is also triangular in
shape.
• Superiorly it is
attached to the
iliopubic eminence, the
obturator crest n the
obturator membrane.
• Inferiorly it merges
with the anteroinferior
part of capsule n with
band of iliofemoral
ligament .

10. Ischiofemoral ligament
• It covers the joint posteriorly .
• It is fibers or twisted and extend
from the ischium to the
acetabulum.
• The fibers of the ligament from
the zona orbicularis some of
them are attached to the
greater trochanter .

11. Ligament of head of femur
• It is round ligament or
ligamentum teres is a
flat and triangular
ligament.
• The apex is attached
to the fovea capitis,
and base to the
transverse ligament
and the margins of
the acetabular notch.

12. Acetabular Labrum
• It is a fibro cartilaginous
rim attached to the
margin of the
acetabulum.
• It narrows the mouth of
the acetabulum .
• This help in holding the
head of femur in position.

13. ACTIONS OF HIP
HIP FLEXION
HIP
EXTENSION

14. HIP ABDUCTION HIP ADDUCTION

15. EXTERNAL
ROTATION
INTERNAL
ROTATION

16. MUSCLES of HIP JOINT

17. COMMON INJURIES OF HIP BONE
• Fracture
• Contusions
• Strains
• Coxa vara
• Coxa valga
• Waddling gait
• Lurching gait
• Trendelenburg's sign

18. FRACTURE
A fracture is a partial or complete break in a bone.
There can be either a single break or multiple breaks
in a bone. A hip fracture is classified by the specific
area of the break and the type of break in the bone.
 Most hip fractures occur in one of two locations on the
long bone that extends from your pelvis to your knee
(femur):
i. The femoral neck. This area is located in the upper
portion of your femur, just below the ball part
(femoral head) of the ball-and-socket joint.
ii. The intertrochanteric region. This region is a little
farther down from the actual hip joint, in the portion
of your upper femur that juts outward.

20. CONTUSIONS
A hip contusion is a bruise that appears on the
skin of your hip after an injury. The injury is
caused by a fall, being hit with a large object,
or kicked. A bruise happens when small blood
vessels tear but the skin does not. When blood
vessels tear, blood leaks into nearby tissue,
such as soft tissue or muscle.

21. Iliac crest contusion

22. STRAINS
• A hip strain occurs when one of the muscles
supporting the hip joint is stretched beyond
its limit or torn. Strains may be mild,
moderate, or severe, depending on the
extent of the injury. A severe strain can limit
your ability to move your hip.

23. COXA VALGA COXA VARA
Coxa valga is a deformity due
to an increase in the angle
between the head and neck
of the femur and its shaft
(normally 135 degrees).
Coxa vara is the opposite: a
decreased angle between the
head and neck of the femur
and its shaft.

25. Waddling gait
Waddling gait, also known
as myopathic gait, is a way
of walking. It's caused by
muscle weakness in the
pelvic girdle, which is a
bowl-shaped network of
muscles and bones that
connects your torso to your
hips and legs. It's also
responsible for helping you
balance.

26. Lurching gait
If the limp is severe, there is compensatory
bending or lurching to the side of pathology to
balance the center of gravity of the body. This
limp is called the lurching gait. When the
pathology is bilateral, the pelvis droops to the
unsupported side alternating with each step
and is called a waddling type of gait.

27. Trendelenburg sign
The Trendelenburg sign is said to be positive if,
when standing on one leg (the 'stance leg'), the
pelvis drops on the side opposite to the stance
leg. The muscle weakness is present on the
side of the stance leg.

28. SUMMARY
 Introduction to hip joint (types & variety, articulation,
stability).
 The ligament of hip joint (ischiofemoral, iliofemoral,
pubofemoral, transverse acetabular).
 Muscles of hip joint (flexors, abductors, external
rotators, adductors).
 Common injuries of hip bone (fracture, contusion,
strain, coxa vara coxa valgus, waddling gait, lurching
gait, Trendelenburg sign).

30. THANK YOU