Presentation by Neil Wildgust and Ron Munson, Global CCS Institute at the 2015 CCUS Workshop on CO2 Storage, January 22 at the University of Sonora, Hermosillo
Presentation by Neil Wildgust and Ron Munson, Global CCS Institute at the 2015 CCUS Workshop on CO2 Storage, January 22 at the University of Sonora, Hermosillo
1.
CO2 Compression and Transport
Ron Munson and Neil Wildgust
Global CCS Institute
INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2
January 22-23 2015
University of Sonora, Hermosillo
SUPPORTED BY:
2.
Review of the Process – Post-Combustion
SUPPORTED BY:
PC Boiler
(With SCR)
Sulfur
Removal
Particulate
Removal
Ash
Coal
STEAM
CYCLE
CO2 Capture
Process*
ID Fan
Air
Power
CO2
Comp.
Flue Gas
CO2 To Storage
2,215 psia
Low Pressure Steam
Optional Bypass
(<90% Capture)
3.
Review of the Process – Pre-Combustion
SUPPORTED BY:
Gasifier
&
Quench
Particulate
Removal
Slag
Coal
Steam
Turbine
CO2
Capture
Steam
Heat
Recovery
Air
Separation
Water
O2
N2Air
Water
Gas Shift
H2S
Removal
Steam
Sulfur
Recovery
Sulfur
Combustion
Turbine
Heat
Recovery
Air
Electric
Power
Flue Gas
Electric
Power
Fuel Gas
Steam
POWER BLOCK
CO2
Conditioning
Fuel Gas
Conditioning
w/reheatH2O / N2
CO2 to
StorageVent
Syngas
Cooling
Water
4.
Why Do We Need to Compress the CO2?
SUPPORTED BY:
• Volume Reduction
Transport
Reduce size of pipelines – lower capital cost
Storage
Drops out water
Reduces need for pore space
5.
CO2 Compression and Purity Requirements
SUPPORTED BY:
• Compressed to 2200 psi for transport and storage
• Minimum 95% CO2 content
6.
Impact of Compression on CCS Cost
SUPPORTED BY:
*No Capture Base = 64 mills/kWh
*90% CO2 Capture
*Compression to 2,200 Psia
*50 Mile Pipeline + Saline Formation Storage + 100 Years Monitoring
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
PercentIncreaseinCOE
Trans., Stor., & Monit.
Compression Capital
Capture Capital
Capture Operating
Capture Steam
Capture Aux. Power
Compression power
2%
Parasitic Power
h COE by 52%
Operating Cost
h COE by 7%
Capital Cost
h COE by 27%
7.
Centrifugal Compression
SUPPORTED BY:
• High volume flows
• Unique
characteristics of CO2
for compressor
design
Real gas effects
High volume
reduction
Low speed of sound
Avoiding liquid
formation
8.
Beam-Style Compressors
SUPPORTED BY:
• Commonly used in
petrochemical and natural
gas industries
• Straight through or back-to-
back configurations
• Intercooling between 2
sections and/or between
units
• High reliability – minimal bearings/seals
• High pressure – up to 15,000 psi
9.
Internally-geared Compressors
SUPPORTED BY:
• Electric motor drives large
bull gear that drives multiple
pinion gears with centrifugal
compressors on each end
• Gear speeds increase with
pressure
• Separate inlet and outlet
flanges permit intercooling at
each stage
• Potential reliability issues – many bearings, seals,
and unshrouded impellers
10.
Why interest in isothermal compression?
SUPPORTED BY:
11.
Innovations in Compressor Design
SUPPORTED BY:
• Internally-cooled
compressor
stage
Performance of
internally-geared
compressor
Reliability of
beam-style
compressor
Reduced overall
footprint
─ Red - CO2 flow
path through
compressor stage
─ Blue - Liquid
cooling in the
diaphragm
─ Grey - Solid
12.
Innovations in Compressor Design
SUPPORTED BY:
• Supersonic shock
wave compression
1/10th the physical
size
40 – 50% of the
installed capital cost
Heat integration to
offset energy penalty
10:1 compression
ratio
2-stage system
16.
CO2 Transport Hazards
SUPPORTED BY:
•Low temperature releases
•High pressures
•Corrosion
•High vapour density
•Detection issues
17.
CO2 Transport Hazards
• CO2 can be tolerated in
quite high
concentrations without
permanent risk to
health
• BUT if those exposed
have key tasks to
execute their response
may be impaired
• THUS need to consider
effects during
emergency situations
SUPPORTED BY: