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Overview on compression and transport of CO2

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Overview on compression and transport of CO2

  1. 1. CO2 Compression and Transport Ron Munson and Neil Wildgust Global CCS Institute INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2 January 22-23 2015 University of Sonora, Hermosillo SUPPORTED BY:
  2. 2. Review of the Process – Post-Combustion SUPPORTED BY: PC Boiler (With SCR) Sulfur Removal Particulate Removal Ash Coal STEAM CYCLE CO2 Capture Process* ID Fan Air Power CO2 Comp. Flue Gas CO2 To Storage 2,215 psia Low Pressure Steam Optional Bypass (<90% Capture)
  3. 3. Review of the Process – Pre-Combustion SUPPORTED BY: Gasifier & Quench Particulate Removal Slag Coal Steam Turbine CO2 Capture Steam Heat Recovery Air Separation Water O2 N2Air Water Gas Shift H2S Removal Steam Sulfur Recovery Sulfur Combustion Turbine Heat Recovery Air Electric Power Flue Gas Electric Power Fuel Gas Steam POWER BLOCK CO2 Conditioning Fuel Gas Conditioning w/reheatH2O / N2 CO2 to StorageVent Syngas Cooling Water
  4. 4. Why Do We Need to Compress the CO2? SUPPORTED BY: • Volume Reduction Transport  Reduce size of pipelines – lower capital cost Storage  Drops out water  Reduces need for pore space
  5. 5. CO2 Compression and Purity Requirements SUPPORTED BY: • Compressed to 2200 psi for transport and storage • Minimum 95% CO2 content
  6. 6. Impact of Compression on CCS Cost SUPPORTED BY: *No Capture Base = 64 mills/kWh *90% CO2 Capture *Compression to 2,200 Psia *50 Mile Pipeline + Saline Formation Storage + 100 Years Monitoring 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 PercentIncreaseinCOE Trans., Stor., & Monit. Compression Capital Capture Capital Capture Operating Capture Steam Capture Aux. Power Compression power 2% Parasitic Power h COE by 52% Operating Cost h COE by 7% Capital Cost h COE by 27%
  7. 7. Centrifugal Compression SUPPORTED BY: • High volume flows • Unique characteristics of CO2 for compressor design Real gas effects High volume reduction Low speed of sound Avoiding liquid formation
  8. 8. Beam-Style Compressors SUPPORTED BY: • Commonly used in petrochemical and natural gas industries • Straight through or back-to- back configurations • Intercooling between 2 sections and/or between units • High reliability – minimal bearings/seals • High pressure – up to 15,000 psi
  9. 9. Internally-geared Compressors SUPPORTED BY: • Electric motor drives large bull gear that drives multiple pinion gears with centrifugal compressors on each end • Gear speeds increase with pressure • Separate inlet and outlet flanges permit intercooling at each stage • Potential reliability issues – many bearings, seals, and unshrouded impellers
  10. 10. Why interest in isothermal compression? SUPPORTED BY:
  11. 11. Innovations in Compressor Design SUPPORTED BY: • Internally-cooled compressor stage Performance of internally-geared compressor Reliability of beam-style compressor Reduced overall footprint ─ Red - CO2 flow path through compressor stage ─ Blue - Liquid cooling in the diaphragm ─ Grey - Solid
  12. 12. Innovations in Compressor Design SUPPORTED BY: • Supersonic shock wave compression 1/10th the physical size 40 – 50% of the installed capital cost Heat integration to offset energy penalty 10:1 compression ratio 2-stage system
  13. 13. Pipeline Transport Systems SUPPORTED BY:
  14. 14. Pipeline Costs SUPPORTED BY:
  15. 15. Ship Transport SUPPORTED BY:
  16. 16. CO2 Transport Hazards SUPPORTED BY: •Low temperature releases •High pressures •Corrosion •High vapour density •Detection issues
  17. 17. CO2 Transport Hazards • CO2 can be tolerated in quite high concentrations without permanent risk to health • BUT if those exposed have key tasks to execute their response may be impaired • THUS need to consider effects during emergency situations SUPPORTED BY:
  18. 18. Pipeline Depressurization SUPPORTED BY:
  19. 19. Thank you! INTRODUCTION TO CAPTURE, USE AND GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO2 January 22-23 2015 University of Sonora, Hermosillo SUPPORTED BY:

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