Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa established in 1948 that denied non-white South Africans basic political, social, and economic rights. Nelson Mandela opposed apartheid and was imprisoned for 27 years before being released in 1990. He worked with President de Klerk to end apartheid and establish democratic elections, winning the 1994 presidential election as South Africa's first black president. Mandela promoted reconciliation and unity between South Africa's racial groups and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end apartheid through nonviolent means. He passed away in 2013 after transforming South Africa into a multi-racial democracy.

1. Apartheid and
Nelson
Mandela
1948-1994

2. Origins
 When the Europeans started leaving Africa,
and African countries starting getting
independence…
 Most countries got freedom and independence!
 South Africa, since it has so many resources,
went in the opposite way

3. “Apart-ness”
 The ruling elites, or the white South Africans,
set up Apartheid in 1948.
 Non-white South Africans lost freedoms:
 First could not longer vote.
 All people classified into 4 groups:
 White, Native, Colored, Asian
 Interracial couples are illegal
 Instantly divorced if married
 Government declares children of mixed races
“accidents”

4. Under apartheid blacks, coloreds, and Asians
were required to use separate public facilities
of all types.

5. Apartheid resulted in separate jobs, transportation,
school, communities, and other facilities for
different ethnic groups.
Young men
watching whites
play soccer.

7. Townships (also called Homelands):
Separate areas where blacks (and
coloreds) were required to live.

8. Forced Removal
Bantustans
 Nonwhites forced to move out
of all major cities onto
“reservations”
 No hospitals, no
transportation, no grocery
stores, nothing but dust and
dirt
 Not even any water pumps
 Black South Africans forced to
get everything they need from
this dry land.
 Starvation and disease were
common.

9. Located far from jobs in the
cities and mines.
Blacks and coloreds must often
spend 8 hrs. a day on buses.
Sometimes, they may live 200
miles between job and
home.
 Crowded clusters of tiny homes.
Located on the outskirts of
towns.
Located in parts of the country
with poor soils and few
minerals.
Soweto Township

10. South African Bantustan

11. Show me your pass
 80% of South Africans are something other
than white… meaning that only 20% of the
people are benefiting from Apartheid.
 To keep the nonwhites from rebelling, the
“pass” system develops.

12. By law, under apartheid, non-whites were required to carry an
identification passbook. The passbook allowed the non-
blacks to be in, and work in, white areas. If an individual did
not have the proper endorsements in the passbook, the
person could be arrested and jailed.
Shhhh…. They
were actually
made to keep
track of the
blacks and to
prevent
protesting…

13. Many people around the world objected to South Africa’s
apartheid laws (around the 1960’s and 1970’s)
Many international scientific and sports organizations refused
to include South Africans in their meetings and competitions.
These penalties are called sanctions.

14. Some countries
banned trade with
South Africa.
Some companies in
the U.S. and
Europe refused to
invest their money
in South Africa.

15.  The African National Congress was founded in 1912.
 As a political party took an active role in seeking rights
for South Africans of color.
 It encouraged workers to strike for better wages and
better working conditions.

17. ANC leader and lawyer, Nelson Mandela
and five ANC leaders were arrested by
the government in 1962. They were
sentenced to life in prison on
Robben Island, off the coast of Cape
Town. They were arrested for “terrorist acts.”
Mandela spent more than 25 yrs. in jail before
he was ordered to be released by
F.W. de Klerk (President of S. Africa).

19. In 1990, President F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the African
National Congress and other political parties.
He freed Nelson Mandela. With Nelson Mandela, the two
men worked together to end apartheid and provide social
equality in South Africa. They worked for free elections of all
adult citizens regardless of race.
In 1994, Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa’s
president.

20. The end of apartheid:
 The separation of races
was no longer legal.
 Gave blacks and coloreds the
opportunity to become a part of
the government (making laws,
etc.)
 It provided free elections for all
people regardless of race.
 It provided a chance for equal
education, jobs, and pay.
Stawicki - 2004

21. Final Years
 Mandela’s popularity grew so big that the rest of
the world knew who he was.
 Released in 1994.
 Could have just said the word and South Africa
would have destroyed itself in blood, destruction,
and rebellion.
 Chose to preach about peace, togetherness, love,
forgiveness, respect.
 Elected as first black South African President in
1994.
 Received Nobel Peace Prize for his work in
uniting both white and black South Africans.
 Seen as a major symbol of hope, peace, and the
good that people are capable of.

23. Died
12/5/13