This article discusses an alternative approach to inflation based on R2 gravity. A non-singular early cosmology is proposed where a bouncing occurs and power-law inflation is obtained. Adding a nonlinear electrodynamics Lagrangian to the high-order action generates this behavior, with the Ricci scalar R acting as the inflaton field. The model presents a Lagrangian and derives the associated energy function and field equations. It finds a solution where the Hubble parameter is related to the matter Lagrangian and time derivative of R.
Refutation of the twin paradox by considering expansion in lorentz transforma...Hiroshi Yoshinaga
By considering the expansion of time and length in Lorentz transformation that everyone overlooked, the twin paradox is easily resolved. There are explanations in books and web sites that the time of the Earth-as-spaceship ( or the twin's clock stayed at the Earth ) would go discontinuously at turning points of round trips if we assume the rocket to be stationary, however, the time discontinuity comes from the wrong
turning points mistakenly shortened.
This document presents a study of new Bianchi type-IX cosmological models with a binary mixture of anisotropic dark energy and perfect fluid. The models are analyzed using the statefinder diagnostic pair (sr,). Field equations are derived for the metric and energy-momentum tensors. Assuming the energy conservation equations vanish separately and a special law for the Hubble parameter, the field equations yield power law and exponential type solutions. The statefinder parameters are used to characterize different phases of the universe, and properties of the models such as anisotropy and expansion rates are discussed.
This document discusses the hydrodynamic equations that describe neutral gas and plasma, and how they are modified to become the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations when a conducting fluid is in a magnetic field. It introduces the continuity, momentum, and entropy equations for neutral gas hydrodynamics. It then explains how these are updated to the MHD equations by adding magnetic forces and Ohm's law relating current and fields. The key MHD equations derived include equations for momentum, entropy, and the magnetic field evolving due to motion and diffusion.
Quantum-Gravity Thermodynamics, Incorporating the Theory of Exactly Soluble Active Stochastic Processes, with Applications
by Daley, K.
Published in IJTP in 2009. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009IJTP..tmp...67D
Backreaction of hawking_radiation_on_a_gravitationally_collapsing_star_2_fire...Sérgio Sacani
This document summarizes a numerical study of the backreaction of Hawking radiation on a gravitationally collapsing star. The study finds that including the inward flux of negative energy Hawking radiation in the interior of the star slows its collapse. This causes the star to bounce at a finite radius larger than its horizon, before its core explodes. The full system of Einstein and hydrodynamic equations describing the collapsing star and Hawking radiation flux are solved numerically, as an improvement over previous analytic approximations.
A new universal formula for atoms, planets, and galaxiesIOSR Journals
In this paper a new universal formula about the rotation velocity distribution of atoms, planets, and galaxies is presented. It is based on a new general formula based on the relativistic Schwarzschild/Minkowski metric, where it has been possible to obtain expressions for the rotation velocity - and mass distribution versus the distance to the atomic nucleus, planet system centre, and galactic centre. A mathematical proof of this new formula is also given. This formula is divided into a Keplerian(general relativity)-and a relativistic(special relativity) part. For the atomic-and planet systems the Keplerian distribution is followed, which is also in accordance with observations.
According to the rotation velocity distribution of the galaxies the rotation velocity increases very rapidly from the centre and reaches a plateau which is constant out to a great distance from the centre. This is in accordance with observations and is also in accordance with the main structure of rotation velocity versus distance from different galaxy measurements.
Computer simulations were also performed to establish and verify the rotation velocity distributions in the atomic – planetary- and galaxy system, according to this paper. These computer simulations are in accordance with observations in two and three dimensions. It was also possible to study the matching percentage in these calculations showing a much higher matching percentage between theoretical and observational values by this new formula.
Refutation of the twin paradox by considering expansion in lorentz transforma...Hiroshi Yoshinaga
By considering the expansion of time and length in Lorentz transformation that everyone overlooked, the twin paradox is easily resolved. There are explanations in books and web sites that the time of the Earth-as-spaceship ( or the twin's clock stayed at the Earth ) would go discontinuously at turning points of round trips if we assume the rocket to be stationary, however, the time discontinuity comes from the wrong
turning points mistakenly shortened.
This document presents a study of new Bianchi type-IX cosmological models with a binary mixture of anisotropic dark energy and perfect fluid. The models are analyzed using the statefinder diagnostic pair (sr,). Field equations are derived for the metric and energy-momentum tensors. Assuming the energy conservation equations vanish separately and a special law for the Hubble parameter, the field equations yield power law and exponential type solutions. The statefinder parameters are used to characterize different phases of the universe, and properties of the models such as anisotropy and expansion rates are discussed.
This document discusses the hydrodynamic equations that describe neutral gas and plasma, and how they are modified to become the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations when a conducting fluid is in a magnetic field. It introduces the continuity, momentum, and entropy equations for neutral gas hydrodynamics. It then explains how these are updated to the MHD equations by adding magnetic forces and Ohm's law relating current and fields. The key MHD equations derived include equations for momentum, entropy, and the magnetic field evolving due to motion and diffusion.
Quantum-Gravity Thermodynamics, Incorporating the Theory of Exactly Soluble Active Stochastic Processes, with Applications
by Daley, K.
Published in IJTP in 2009. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009IJTP..tmp...67D
Backreaction of hawking_radiation_on_a_gravitationally_collapsing_star_2_fire...Sérgio Sacani
This document summarizes a numerical study of the backreaction of Hawking radiation on a gravitationally collapsing star. The study finds that including the inward flux of negative energy Hawking radiation in the interior of the star slows its collapse. This causes the star to bounce at a finite radius larger than its horizon, before its core explodes. The full system of Einstein and hydrodynamic equations describing the collapsing star and Hawking radiation flux are solved numerically, as an improvement over previous analytic approximations.
A new universal formula for atoms, planets, and galaxiesIOSR Journals
In this paper a new universal formula about the rotation velocity distribution of atoms, planets, and galaxies is presented. It is based on a new general formula based on the relativistic Schwarzschild/Minkowski metric, where it has been possible to obtain expressions for the rotation velocity - and mass distribution versus the distance to the atomic nucleus, planet system centre, and galactic centre. A mathematical proof of this new formula is also given. This formula is divided into a Keplerian(general relativity)-and a relativistic(special relativity) part. For the atomic-and planet systems the Keplerian distribution is followed, which is also in accordance with observations.
According to the rotation velocity distribution of the galaxies the rotation velocity increases very rapidly from the centre and reaches a plateau which is constant out to a great distance from the centre. This is in accordance with observations and is also in accordance with the main structure of rotation velocity versus distance from different galaxy measurements.
Computer simulations were also performed to establish and verify the rotation velocity distributions in the atomic – planetary- and galaxy system, according to this paper. These computer simulations are in accordance with observations in two and three dimensions. It was also possible to study the matching percentage in these calculations showing a much higher matching percentage between theoretical and observational values by this new formula.
Observational evidence against long lived spiral arms in galaxies1Sérgio Sacani
This document presents evidence against the theory of long-lived spiral arms in galaxies. The authors analyze simulations and observations to test whether spiral patterns are quasi-stationary features with a constant pattern speed, as implied by density wave theory. They find that in simulations with imposed spiral potentials, gas and young stars are spatially ordered as expected. However, in more realistic simulations where spirals form naturally, the gas and stars are coincident with the spiral potential minors and not separated. Analyzing observations of 12 galaxies, the authors calculate angular cross-correlations between different star formation tracers but find no systematic offsets, contrary to the predictions of stationary spiral density waves. This suggests spiral density waves are not important for explaining spiral structure in
Burin braneworld cosmological effect with induced gravityluciolucena
1) The document discusses braneworld cosmology models where our universe is a 3-dimensional brane embedded in extra dimensions. It analyzes the Friedmann equations for a brane with induced gravity and compares them to standard general relativity and Randall-Sundrum models.
2) In the Randall-Sundrum model, gravity is modified at early times whereas induced gravity affects late universe evolution. The document solves the Friedmann equations in various limits and regimes to understand the modifications to the standard cosmology dynamics.
3) It finds that induced gravity effects from the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model can contribute to late-time acceleration of the universe expansion under certain
First discovery of_a_magnetic_field_in_a_main_sequence_delta_scuti_star_the_k...Sérgio Sacani
Coralie Neiner do Laboratory for Space Studies and Astrophysics Instrumentation, LESIA (CNRS/Observatoire de Paris/UPMC/Université Paris Diderot) e Patricia Lampens (Royual OIbservatory of Belgium), descobriram a primeira estrela magnética do tipo delta Scuti, através de observações espectropolarimétricas, realizadas com o telescópio CFHT. As estrelas do tipo delta Scuti, são estrelas pulsantes, sendo que algumas delas mostram assinaturas atribuídas para um segundo tipo de pulsação. A descoberta mostra que isso é na verdade a assinatura de um campo magnético. Essa descoberta tem importantes implicações para o entendimento do interior das estrelas.
Dois tipos de estrelas pulsantes existem entre as estrelas com massa entre 1.5 e 2.5 vezes a massa do Sol: as estrelas do tipo delta Scuti e as estrelas do tipo gamma Dor. A teoria nos diz que as estrelas com temperatura entre 6900 e 7400 graus Kelvin podem ter ambos os tipos de pulsação. Essas são então chamadas de estrelas híbridas. Contudo, o satélite Kepler da NASA tem detectado um grande número de estrelas híbridas com temperaturas maiores ou menores do que esse limite pensado anteriormente. A existência dessas estrelas híbridas com temperaturas maiores é algo muito controverso, já que desafia o nosso entendimento sobre as estrelas pulsantes do tipo delta Scuti e gamma Dor.
Small scatter and_nearly_isothermal_mass_profiles_to_four_half_light_radii_fr...Sérgio Sacani
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the total mass density profiles of 14 early-type galaxies using two-dimensional stellar kinematic data out to large radii of 2-6 half-light radii. The study finds that the total density profiles are well described by a nearly-isothermal power law with density proportional to radius from 0.1 to at least 4 half-light radii. The average logarithmic slope is -2.19 with a small scatter of only 0.11. This places tight constraints on galaxy formation models and illustrates the power of extended two-dimensional stellar kinematic observations.
Motions for systems and structures in space, described by a set denoted Avd. ...Premier Publishers
In order to describe general motions and matter in space, functions for angular velocity and density are assumed and denoted Avd, as an abbreviation. The framework provides a unified approach to motions at different scales. It is analysed how Avd enters and rules, in terms of results from equations, in field experiments and observations at Earth. Chaos may organize according to Avd, such that more order, Cosmos, appear in complex nonlinear dynamical systems. This reveals that Avd may be governing and that deterministic systems can be created without assuming boundaries and conditions for initial values and forces from outside. A mathematical model for the initiation of Logos (when a paper accelerates into a narrow circular orbit), was described, and denoted local implosion; Li. The theorem for dl, provides discrete solutions to a power law, and this is related to locations of satellites and moons.
Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Time-Dependent G and Lamda for Const...IOSR Journals
In this paper we have consider five-dimensional cosmological model in presence of perfect fluid
source with time dependent G and .The Einstein field equations are solvable with the help of constant
deceleration parameter. Physical and kinematical properties of this model are investigated. It has been shown
that the solutions are comparable with recent observations. The behavior of gravitational constant,
cosmological constant, density, critical density and pressure is discussed for dust, radiation dominated and stiff matter of the Universe. It is also examined the behavior of gravitational constant and cosmological constant for expansion law and exponential law for stiff matter
We report the discovery of spiral galaxies that are as optically luminous as elliptical brightest cluster
galaxies, with r-band monochromatic luminosity Lr = 8 14L (4:3 7:5 1044 erg s 1). These
super spiral galaxies are also giant and massive, with diameter D = 57 134 kpc and stellar mass
Mstars = 0:3 3:4 1011M. We nd 53 super spirals out of a complete sample of 1616 SDSS
galaxies with redshift z < 0:3 and Lr > 8L. The closest example is found at z = 0:089. We use
existing photometry to estimate their stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs). The SDSS
and WISE colors are consistent with normal star-forming spirals on the blue sequence. However, the
extreme masses and rapid SFRs of 5 65M yr 1 place super spirals in a sparsely populated region
of parameter space, above the star-forming main sequence of disk galaxies. Super spirals occupy a
diverse range of environments, from isolation to cluster centers. We nd four super spiral galaxy
systems that are late-stage major mergers{a possible clue to their formation. We suggest that super
spirals are a remnant population of unquenched, massive disk galaxies. They may eventually become
massive lenticular galaxies after they are cut o from their gas supply and their disks fade.
A seminar presented in "CompFlu16" at IIIT Hyderabad in December 2016 on homogeneous nucleation kinetics in anisotropic liquids using a Landau-de Gennes field theoretic study.
Investigation of mgx sr1 xo mixed alloy under high pressureAlexander Decker
This document reports on research investigating the structural and mechanical properties of the mixed compound MgxSr1-xO under high pressure. An extended interaction potential model was applied that included zero point energy effects to predict phase transition pressures and volume collapses. The model parameters were determined using equilibrium conditions and followed Vegard's law varying linearly with concentration. The results for the mixed compounds were in fair agreement with experimental data generated by applying Vegard's law to the endpoint members MgO and SrO.
Using the two forms of Fish-Bone potential (I and II), a self-consistent calculations are carried out to perform the analysis of binding energies, root mean square radii and form factors using different configuration symmetries of 20Ne nucleus. A computer simulation search program has been introduced to solve this problem. The Hilbert space was restricted to three and four dimensional variational function space spanned by single spherical harmonic oscillator orbits. A comparison using Td and D3h configuration symmetries are carried out.
The stellar orbit distribution in present-day galaxies inferred from the CALI...Sérgio Sacani
Galaxy formation entails the hierarchical assembly of mass,
along with the condensation of baryons and the ensuing, selfregulating
star formation1,2
. The stars form a collisionless system
whose orbit distribution retains dynamical memory that
can constrain a galaxy’s formation history3
. The orbits dominated
by ordered rotation, with near-maximum circularity
λz≈ 1, are called kinematically cold, and the orbits dominated
by random motion, with low circularity λz≈ 0, are kinematically
hot. The fraction of stars on ‘cold’ orbits, compared with
the fraction on ‘hot’ orbits, speaks directly to the quiescence
or violence of the galaxies’ formation histories4,5
. Here we
present such orbit distributions, derived from stellar kinematic
maps through orbit-based modelling for a well-defined,
large sample of 300 nearby galaxies. The sample, drawn from
the CALIFA survey6, includes the main morphological galaxy
types and spans a total stellar mass range from 108.7 to 1011.9
solar masses. Our analysis derives the orbit-circularity distribution
as a function of galaxy mass and its volume-averaged
total distribution. We find that across most of the considered
mass range and across morphological types, there are more
stars on ‘warm’ orbits defined as 0.25 ≤λz≤ 0.8 than on either
‘cold’ or ‘hot’ orbits. This orbit-based ‘Hubble diagram’ provides
a benchmark for galaxy formation simulations in a cosmological
context.
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
This document summarizes a study that uses distance measurements in the nearby universe to test theories of modified gravity. The study compares distance measurements from cepheid variable stars, tip of the red giant branch stars, and water masers in different galaxies. These distance indicators operate in gravitational fields of different strengths, enabling tests of scalar-tensor gravity theories where fifth forces are screened to different extents depending on the local gravitational potential. The study finds no evidence for the enhanced gravitational forces predicted by chameleon and symmetron screening scenarios, constraining the parameter space of these theories.
Five Dimensional Bianchi Type-V Space-Time in f (R,T) Theory of GravitywIJERA Editor
We study the spatially homogeneous anisotropic Bianchi type-V universe in f(R,T) theory of gravity, where R is
the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We assume the variation law of mean
Hubble parameter and constant deceleration parameter to find two different five dimensional exact solutions of
the modified field equations. The first solution yields a singular model for n 0 while the second gives a nonsingular
model for n 0. The physical quantities are discussed for both models in future evolution of the
universe.
On the Logical Origin of the Laws Governing the Fundamental Forces of Nature:...Ramin (A.) Zahedi
- The document presents a new algebraic-axiomatic matrix approach to derive the fundamental laws of nature from basic axioms.
- It is shown that the laws governing fundamental forces like gravity and electromagnetism can be derived as general covariant massive field equations from axioms assuming rational relativistic energy-momentum and linearizing energy-momentum relations.
- The derived field equations include a torsion field that generates the invariant mass of each field and represent generalized forms of Einstein, Maxwell, Yang-Mills, Dirac, and Rarita-Schwinger equations.
ABOUT NONLINEAR CLASSIC FIELD THEORY OF CONNECTED CHARGES ijrap
1) The document presents a nonlinear classical field theory of connected charges that aims to eliminate the divergence of proper energy in classical electrodynamics.
2) It constructs the theory outside of flat spacetime based on an exact solution for the field of an accelerated charge and the "Equivalent Situation Postulate".
3) The theory uses Maxwell's equations in generally covariant form and "structure equations" rather than Einstein's equations to determine the metric of non-inertial frames of reference.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses theoretical atomic and molecular physics research being conducted on recombination lines in nebulae spectra. The research group is investigating two recombination processes, radiative and dielectronic recombination, using atomic structure and R-matrix codes. They are studying carbon and magnesium ions to analyze planetary nebulae and draw conclusions about nebula conditions and compositions.
Apartes de la conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Gravitation...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
1) The document discusses the potential detection of gravitational waves from the ejection of superluminal jet components and precession of accretion disks dynamically driven by the Bardeen-Petterson effect around spinning black holes.
2) It suggests that ejection of ultrarelativistic jet components may be associated with the precession of the accretion disk induced by the black hole's spin and fragmentation of the tilted disk due to the Bardeen-Petterson effect.
3) It computes the characteristic amplitude and frequency of gravitational wave bursts that could be produced during the early acceleration phase of launching superluminal jet components, finding they may be detectable by the gravitational wave observatory LISA.
Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Hubble diag...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
This document discusses using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to test cosmological predictions of the Gurzadyan-Xue (GX) model of dark energy. It calibrates GRBs as standard candles using empirical relations between their observed characteristics. It then uses 3 samples of GRB data spanning redshifts up to 7 to generate Hubble diagrams and compare them to the predictions of GX models and the standard ΛCDM model. The analysis shows GX models are compatible with one GRB sample but more data is needed to clarify the issues of GRBs as standard candles and the physics underlying the empirical relations.
This document repeats the letters "M 15" 15 times. It appears to be providing some numerical or coded information by consistently listing "M 15" over multiple lines but does not provide enough context to determine the meaning or purpose of this repeated code.
Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012Nonlinear ele...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
This document summarizes a research article about nonlinear electrodynamics and its effects on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. It introduces nonlinear electrodynamics models as alternatives to Maxwell's electrodynamics. The document then discusses how nonlinear electrodynamics is minimally coupled to gravity and derives the relevant equations of motion. It focuses on analyzing the Pagels-Tomboulis nonlinear electrodynamics Lagrangian and computing the polarization angle of photons propagating in an expanding universe with planar symmetry. Constraints on the nonlinear electrodynamics parameter are obtained using data on cosmic magnetic field strengths and the rotation of CMB polarization spectra measured by experiments.
Observational evidence against long lived spiral arms in galaxies1Sérgio Sacani
This document presents evidence against the theory of long-lived spiral arms in galaxies. The authors analyze simulations and observations to test whether spiral patterns are quasi-stationary features with a constant pattern speed, as implied by density wave theory. They find that in simulations with imposed spiral potentials, gas and young stars are spatially ordered as expected. However, in more realistic simulations where spirals form naturally, the gas and stars are coincident with the spiral potential minors and not separated. Analyzing observations of 12 galaxies, the authors calculate angular cross-correlations between different star formation tracers but find no systematic offsets, contrary to the predictions of stationary spiral density waves. This suggests spiral density waves are not important for explaining spiral structure in
Burin braneworld cosmological effect with induced gravityluciolucena
1) The document discusses braneworld cosmology models where our universe is a 3-dimensional brane embedded in extra dimensions. It analyzes the Friedmann equations for a brane with induced gravity and compares them to standard general relativity and Randall-Sundrum models.
2) In the Randall-Sundrum model, gravity is modified at early times whereas induced gravity affects late universe evolution. The document solves the Friedmann equations in various limits and regimes to understand the modifications to the standard cosmology dynamics.
3) It finds that induced gravity effects from the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model can contribute to late-time acceleration of the universe expansion under certain
First discovery of_a_magnetic_field_in_a_main_sequence_delta_scuti_star_the_k...Sérgio Sacani
Coralie Neiner do Laboratory for Space Studies and Astrophysics Instrumentation, LESIA (CNRS/Observatoire de Paris/UPMC/Université Paris Diderot) e Patricia Lampens (Royual OIbservatory of Belgium), descobriram a primeira estrela magnética do tipo delta Scuti, através de observações espectropolarimétricas, realizadas com o telescópio CFHT. As estrelas do tipo delta Scuti, são estrelas pulsantes, sendo que algumas delas mostram assinaturas atribuídas para um segundo tipo de pulsação. A descoberta mostra que isso é na verdade a assinatura de um campo magnético. Essa descoberta tem importantes implicações para o entendimento do interior das estrelas.
Dois tipos de estrelas pulsantes existem entre as estrelas com massa entre 1.5 e 2.5 vezes a massa do Sol: as estrelas do tipo delta Scuti e as estrelas do tipo gamma Dor. A teoria nos diz que as estrelas com temperatura entre 6900 e 7400 graus Kelvin podem ter ambos os tipos de pulsação. Essas são então chamadas de estrelas híbridas. Contudo, o satélite Kepler da NASA tem detectado um grande número de estrelas híbridas com temperaturas maiores ou menores do que esse limite pensado anteriormente. A existência dessas estrelas híbridas com temperaturas maiores é algo muito controverso, já que desafia o nosso entendimento sobre as estrelas pulsantes do tipo delta Scuti e gamma Dor.
Small scatter and_nearly_isothermal_mass_profiles_to_four_half_light_radii_fr...Sérgio Sacani
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the total mass density profiles of 14 early-type galaxies using two-dimensional stellar kinematic data out to large radii of 2-6 half-light radii. The study finds that the total density profiles are well described by a nearly-isothermal power law with density proportional to radius from 0.1 to at least 4 half-light radii. The average logarithmic slope is -2.19 with a small scatter of only 0.11. This places tight constraints on galaxy formation models and illustrates the power of extended two-dimensional stellar kinematic observations.
Motions for systems and structures in space, described by a set denoted Avd. ...Premier Publishers
In order to describe general motions and matter in space, functions for angular velocity and density are assumed and denoted Avd, as an abbreviation. The framework provides a unified approach to motions at different scales. It is analysed how Avd enters and rules, in terms of results from equations, in field experiments and observations at Earth. Chaos may organize according to Avd, such that more order, Cosmos, appear in complex nonlinear dynamical systems. This reveals that Avd may be governing and that deterministic systems can be created without assuming boundaries and conditions for initial values and forces from outside. A mathematical model for the initiation of Logos (when a paper accelerates into a narrow circular orbit), was described, and denoted local implosion; Li. The theorem for dl, provides discrete solutions to a power law, and this is related to locations of satellites and moons.
Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Time-Dependent G and Lamda for Const...IOSR Journals
In this paper we have consider five-dimensional cosmological model in presence of perfect fluid
source with time dependent G and .The Einstein field equations are solvable with the help of constant
deceleration parameter. Physical and kinematical properties of this model are investigated. It has been shown
that the solutions are comparable with recent observations. The behavior of gravitational constant,
cosmological constant, density, critical density and pressure is discussed for dust, radiation dominated and stiff matter of the Universe. It is also examined the behavior of gravitational constant and cosmological constant for expansion law and exponential law for stiff matter
We report the discovery of spiral galaxies that are as optically luminous as elliptical brightest cluster
galaxies, with r-band monochromatic luminosity Lr = 8 14L (4:3 7:5 1044 erg s 1). These
super spiral galaxies are also giant and massive, with diameter D = 57 134 kpc and stellar mass
Mstars = 0:3 3:4 1011M. We nd 53 super spirals out of a complete sample of 1616 SDSS
galaxies with redshift z < 0:3 and Lr > 8L. The closest example is found at z = 0:089. We use
existing photometry to estimate their stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs). The SDSS
and WISE colors are consistent with normal star-forming spirals on the blue sequence. However, the
extreme masses and rapid SFRs of 5 65M yr 1 place super spirals in a sparsely populated region
of parameter space, above the star-forming main sequence of disk galaxies. Super spirals occupy a
diverse range of environments, from isolation to cluster centers. We nd four super spiral galaxy
systems that are late-stage major mergers{a possible clue to their formation. We suggest that super
spirals are a remnant population of unquenched, massive disk galaxies. They may eventually become
massive lenticular galaxies after they are cut o from their gas supply and their disks fade.
A seminar presented in "CompFlu16" at IIIT Hyderabad in December 2016 on homogeneous nucleation kinetics in anisotropic liquids using a Landau-de Gennes field theoretic study.
Investigation of mgx sr1 xo mixed alloy under high pressureAlexander Decker
This document reports on research investigating the structural and mechanical properties of the mixed compound MgxSr1-xO under high pressure. An extended interaction potential model was applied that included zero point energy effects to predict phase transition pressures and volume collapses. The model parameters were determined using equilibrium conditions and followed Vegard's law varying linearly with concentration. The results for the mixed compounds were in fair agreement with experimental data generated by applying Vegard's law to the endpoint members MgO and SrO.
Using the two forms of Fish-Bone potential (I and II), a self-consistent calculations are carried out to perform the analysis of binding energies, root mean square radii and form factors using different configuration symmetries of 20Ne nucleus. A computer simulation search program has been introduced to solve this problem. The Hilbert space was restricted to three and four dimensional variational function space spanned by single spherical harmonic oscillator orbits. A comparison using Td and D3h configuration symmetries are carried out.
The stellar orbit distribution in present-day galaxies inferred from the CALI...Sérgio Sacani
Galaxy formation entails the hierarchical assembly of mass,
along with the condensation of baryons and the ensuing, selfregulating
star formation1,2
. The stars form a collisionless system
whose orbit distribution retains dynamical memory that
can constrain a galaxy’s formation history3
. The orbits dominated
by ordered rotation, with near-maximum circularity
λz≈ 1, are called kinematically cold, and the orbits dominated
by random motion, with low circularity λz≈ 0, are kinematically
hot. The fraction of stars on ‘cold’ orbits, compared with
the fraction on ‘hot’ orbits, speaks directly to the quiescence
or violence of the galaxies’ formation histories4,5
. Here we
present such orbit distributions, derived from stellar kinematic
maps through orbit-based modelling for a well-defined,
large sample of 300 nearby galaxies. The sample, drawn from
the CALIFA survey6, includes the main morphological galaxy
types and spans a total stellar mass range from 108.7 to 1011.9
solar masses. Our analysis derives the orbit-circularity distribution
as a function of galaxy mass and its volume-averaged
total distribution. We find that across most of the considered
mass range and across morphological types, there are more
stars on ‘warm’ orbits defined as 0.25 ≤λz≤ 0.8 than on either
‘cold’ or ‘hot’ orbits. This orbit-based ‘Hubble diagram’ provides
a benchmark for galaxy formation simulations in a cosmological
context.
While most of the singularities of General Relativity are expected to be safely hidden behind event horizons by the cosmic censorship conjecture, we happen to live in the causal future of the classical big bang singularity, whose resolution constitutes the active field of early universe cosmology...
This document summarizes a study that uses distance measurements in the nearby universe to test theories of modified gravity. The study compares distance measurements from cepheid variable stars, tip of the red giant branch stars, and water masers in different galaxies. These distance indicators operate in gravitational fields of different strengths, enabling tests of scalar-tensor gravity theories where fifth forces are screened to different extents depending on the local gravitational potential. The study finds no evidence for the enhanced gravitational forces predicted by chameleon and symmetron screening scenarios, constraining the parameter space of these theories.
Five Dimensional Bianchi Type-V Space-Time in f (R,T) Theory of GravitywIJERA Editor
We study the spatially homogeneous anisotropic Bianchi type-V universe in f(R,T) theory of gravity, where R is
the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We assume the variation law of mean
Hubble parameter and constant deceleration parameter to find two different five dimensional exact solutions of
the modified field equations. The first solution yields a singular model for n 0 while the second gives a nonsingular
model for n 0. The physical quantities are discussed for both models in future evolution of the
universe.
On the Logical Origin of the Laws Governing the Fundamental Forces of Nature:...Ramin (A.) Zahedi
- The document presents a new algebraic-axiomatic matrix approach to derive the fundamental laws of nature from basic axioms.
- It is shown that the laws governing fundamental forces like gravity and electromagnetism can be derived as general covariant massive field equations from axioms assuming rational relativistic energy-momentum and linearizing energy-momentum relations.
- The derived field equations include a torsion field that generates the invariant mass of each field and represent generalized forms of Einstein, Maxwell, Yang-Mills, Dirac, and Rarita-Schwinger equations.
ABOUT NONLINEAR CLASSIC FIELD THEORY OF CONNECTED CHARGES ijrap
1) The document presents a nonlinear classical field theory of connected charges that aims to eliminate the divergence of proper energy in classical electrodynamics.
2) It constructs the theory outside of flat spacetime based on an exact solution for the field of an accelerated charge and the "Equivalent Situation Postulate".
3) The theory uses Maxwell's equations in generally covariant form and "structure equations" rather than Einstein's equations to determine the metric of non-inertial frames of reference.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses theoretical atomic and molecular physics research being conducted on recombination lines in nebulae spectra. The research group is investigating two recombination processes, radiative and dielectronic recombination, using atomic structure and R-matrix codes. They are studying carbon and magnesium ions to analyze planetary nebulae and draw conclusions about nebula conditions and compositions.
Apartes de la conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Gravitation...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
1) The document discusses the potential detection of gravitational waves from the ejection of superluminal jet components and precession of accretion disks dynamically driven by the Bardeen-Petterson effect around spinning black holes.
2) It suggests that ejection of ultrarelativistic jet components may be associated with the precession of the accretion disk induced by the black hole's spin and fragmentation of the tilted disk due to the Bardeen-Petterson effect.
3) It computes the characteristic amplitude and frequency of gravitational wave bursts that could be produced during the early acceleration phase of launching superluminal jet components, finding they may be detectable by the gravitational wave observatory LISA.
Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Hubble diag...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
This document discusses using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to test cosmological predictions of the Gurzadyan-Xue (GX) model of dark energy. It calibrates GRBs as standard candles using empirical relations between their observed characteristics. It then uses 3 samples of GRB data spanning redshifts up to 7 to generate Hubble diagrams and compare them to the predictions of GX models and the standard ΛCDM model. The analysis shows GX models are compatible with one GRB sample but more data is needed to clarify the issues of GRBs as standard candles and the physics underlying the empirical relations.
This document repeats the letters "M 15" 15 times. It appears to be providing some numerical or coded information by consistently listing "M 15" over multiple lines but does not provide enough context to determine the meaning or purpose of this repeated code.
Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012Nonlinear ele...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
This document summarizes a research article about nonlinear electrodynamics and its effects on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. It introduces nonlinear electrodynamics models as alternatives to Maxwell's electrodynamics. The document then discusses how nonlinear electrodynamics is minimally coupled to gravity and derives the relevant equations of motion. It focuses on analyzing the Pagels-Tomboulis nonlinear electrodynamics Lagrangian and computing the polarization angle of photons propagating in an expanding universe with planar symmetry. Constraints on the nonlinear electrodynamics parameter are obtained using data on cosmic magnetic field strengths and the rotation of CMB polarization spectra measured by experiments.
This document discusses nonlinear electrodynamics theories in the context of black hole solutions to the Einstein field equations. It presents a generalization of the Christodoulou-Ruffini mass formula for charged black holes in the weak field limit of nonlinear electrodynamics theories. The paper proves that the outer horizon of black holes never decreases under reversible transformations, and that such transformations are equivalent to solutions with a constant horizon for asymptotically flat black hole solutions of nonlinear theories. It then uses this result to decompose the total mass-energy of black holes in nonlinear theories in terms of irreducible and extractable quantities.
El documento describe los deberes morales del hombre hacia Dios y la sociedad según Manuel A. Carreño. Explica que debemos amar, adorar y agradecer a Dios por crear el mundo y proveernos beneficios. También debemos rezar a Dios al acostarnos y despertar, así como agradecerle después de comer. Luego describe los deberes hacia nuestros padres como los seres más venerables, a quienes debemos auxilio y gratitud por cuidarnos desde la infancia.
Time Evolution of Density Parameters for Matter and Dark Energy and their Int...IJASRD Journal
In the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, the first part of the present study determines the time dependence of BD parameter, energy density and Equation of State (EoS) parameter of the cosmic fluid in a universe expanding with acceleration, preceded by a phase of deceleration. For this purpose, a scale factor has been so chosen that the deceleration parameter, obtained from it, shows a signature flip with time. Considering the dark energy to be responsible for the entire pressure, the time evolution of energy parameters for matter and dark energy and the EoS parameter for dark energy have been determined. A model for an effective interaction term, between matter and dark energy, has been proposed and calculated. Its negative value at the present time indicates conversion of matter into dark energy. Using this term, the time dependence of the rates of change of matter and dark energy has been determined. It is found that the nature of dependence of the scalar field upon the scale factor plays a very important role in governing the time evolution of the cosmological quantities studied here. The present study provides us with a simple way to determine the time evolution of dark energy for a homogeneous and isotropic universe of zero spatial curvature, without involving any self-interaction potential or cosmological constant in the formulation.
This document numerically analyzes the wave function of atoms under the combined effects of an optical lattice trapping potential and a harmonic oscillator potential, as used in Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. It employs the Crank-Nicolson scheme to solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The results show that the wave function distribution responds to parameters like the trapping frequencies ratio, optical lattice intensity, chemical potential, and energy. Careful adjustment of the time step and grid spacing is needed to satisfy conservation of norms and energy as required by the physical system. Distributions of the overlapping potentials for different q-factors are presented.
1) The document discusses testing modifications to general relativity (GR) to explain the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. Two representative modified gravity (MG) models are studied: f(R) theories and the Bean-Tangmatitham parametrization.
2) These MG models modify the gravitational potentials in GR through additional parameters that can generate different gravitational behaviors, including those described by GR.
3) The MG parameters are constrained using CosmoSIS, a cosmological parameter estimation code, with data from the Cosmic Microwave Background and weak lensing surveys. Estimates of the MG parameters suggest no deviation from GR predictions.
LENR Theory-Fleischmann et al-Nuovo Cimento 1994Lewis Larsen
This document summarizes a 14-page theoretical paper from 1994 by Fleischmann, Pons, and Preparata on possible theories of cold fusion. The paper reviews key observations about hydrogen and its isotopes dissolved in metal lattices and concludes that theories focusing only on few-body interactions are insufficient. The paper argues that theories describing collective, coherent interactions among particles leading to macroscopic quantum effects provide a better framework for understanding cold fusion phenomena.
This document summarizes a study that uses ab initio calculations to examine the solubility of magnesium oxide (MgO) in fluid hydrogen at conditions relevant to giant planet cores like Jupiter. The study finds that MgO is highly soluble in hydrogen for temperatures exceeding around 10,000 K, indicating rocky core materials would significantly redistribute within Jupiter and larger exoplanets. Free energy calculations based on density functional theory molecular dynamics and coupling constant integration techniques were used to determine the Gibbs free energy of solubilizing MgO in hydrogen at pressures from 10 to 40 megabars and temperatures from 10,000 to 20,000 K.
Ultracold atoms in superlattices as quantum simulators for a spin ordering mo...Alexander Decker
This document discusses using ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices to simulate spin ordering models. It begins by describing how atoms can be trapped in optical lattices using laser light. It then proposes how a spin ordering Hamiltonian could be used to achieve superexchange interaction in a double well system. Finally, it suggests going beyond double wells to study resonating valence bond states in a kagome lattice, which could provide insights into phenomena like high-temperature superconductivity.
This document summarizes an article that proposes an alternative explanation for dark energy and dark matter based on a modified theory of gravity. It begins by providing background on dark matter and dark energy in standard cosmology and the evidence that supports their existence. It then outlines the proposed alternative theory, which modifies Einstein's field equations by adding a function of the Ricci scalar. This introduces new curvature terms that could potentially drive accelerated expansion, providing an alternative to dark energy. The theory aims to match observations without requiring dark matter or energy, but reduces to general relativity in the solar system scale where it has been tightly tested.
Multi wavelenth observations and surveys of galaxy clustersJoana Santos
This document provides an overview of galaxy clusters, focusing on their baryonic components (intracluster medium and galaxies) and how they relate to the cluster's physical properties like mass. It discusses that galaxy clusters form hierarchically through gravitational collapse. The intracluster medium, which makes up most of the baryonic mass, emits X-rays and has been heated to temperatures of millions of degrees. The document reviews properties of the intracluster medium like density, temperature, metallicity, and how they can be measured from X-ray spectra. It also discusses upcoming surveys that will advance the study of galaxy clusters.
Evidence for powerful winds and the associated reverse shock as the origin of...Sérgio Sacani
The Fermi bubbles are large gamma-ray-emitting structures. They are symmetric about the Galactic Centre (GC),
and their creation is therefore attributed to intensive energy injection at the GC. In this study, we focus on the nonequilibrium X-ray gas structures associated with the bubbles. We show that a combination of the density, temperature,
and shock age profiles of the X-ray gas can be used to distinguish the energy injection mechanisms. By comparing the
results of numerical simulations with observations, we indicate that the bubbles were created by a fast wind from the
GC because it generates a strong reverse shock and reproduces the observed temperature peak there. On the other
hand, instantaneous energy injection at the GC cannot reproduce the temperature profile. The wind had a speed of
∼ 1000 km s−1
, and blew for ∼ 107 yr. Because the mass flux of the wind is large, the entrainment of interstellar
gas by wide-angle outflows from the black hole is required. Thus, the wind may be the same as active galactic nuclei
outflows often observed in other galaxies and thought to regulate the growth of galaxies and their central black holes.
Study of the various aspects of interacting dark energy.pptxssuser2cf036
1. The document describes a research proposal on studying various aspects of interacting dark energy under modified gravity theories.
2. The objectives of the proposed research include studying thermodynamic quantities in generalized gravity theories, validity of generalized second law of thermodynamics in different expansions of the universe, interacting dark energy models in loop quantum cosmology and fractional action cosmology, and dark energy reconstruction in modified gravity theories.
3. The proposal discusses approaches to account for late-time cosmic acceleration through dark energy and modified gravity theories and reviews relevant literature.
IRJET- Intricate Appraisal of Quantum ChromodynamicsIRJET Journal
1) Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong force that acts between quarks and gluons. It is a non-abelian gauge theory with symmetry group SU(3).
2) QCD exhibits two main properties - color confinement and asymptotic freedom. Color confinement means that as two quarks are separated, infinite energy is required to isolate them due to the constant force between them. Asymptotic freedom means that at short distances, the strong force is actually weak.
3) Experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in the late 1960s provided evidence that protons have substructure, lending credence to Murray Gell-Mann's quark model of hadrons. This helped
Backreaction of hawking_radiation_on_a_gravitationally_collapsing_star_1_blac...Sérgio Sacani
The document summarizes a study investigating the backreaction of Hawking radiation on the interior of a gravitationally collapsing star. It finds that due to the negative energy Hawking radiation inside the star, the collapse stops at a finite radius before a black hole singularity or event horizon can form, meaning the star bounces instead of collapsing fully. The interior metric of a collapsing star is equivalent to that of a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. The Oppenheimer-Snyder model of stellar collapse is described, which provides context for analyzing the dynamics involving Hawking radiation.
This study examines transport phenomena in an inhomogeneous quantum spin chain composed of two different semi-infinite spin chains connected at a junction. The study finds that relaxation dynamics within the light cone propagating from the junction occurs at different rates in different regions. Close to the light cone boundaries, a stationary current is rapidly approached, while near the junction the current continues decreasing slowly without reaching a steady state. This indicates two qualitatively different behaviors coexist - intermediate ballistic regions with fast relaxation and slow relaxation regions near the junction.
Collective modes in the CFL phase - New Journal of Physics 13 (2011) 055002Roberto Anglani
This document summarizes a study of collective modes in the color flavor-locked (CFL) phase of dense quark matter. The authors derive the effective Lagrangian for the Nambu-Goldstone (NG) boson associated with spontaneous breaking of quark number symmetry, and determine corrections to previous results. They also derive the kinetic Lagrangian for the Higgs mode and interaction terms between the Higgs and NG fields using a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. This provides an effective description of low-energy excitations in the CFL phase to understand properties of compact stars containing quark matter.
This document summarizes a study of lithium and sodium abundances in stars in the globular cluster M4. The authors obtained spectra for 91 main sequence and subgiant branch stars using the FLAMES spectrograph on the VLT. They detected a weak anti-correlation between lithium and sodium abundances among unevolved main sequence stars. Notably, one star, #37934, showed an unusually high lithium abundance, comparable to estimates of the primordial lithium abundance. This high lithium abundance, coupled with the star's sodium-rich nature, suggests the lithium may have come from pollution by a previous generation of stars, though preservation of the primordial abundance cannot be ruled out. The detection provides new evidence that globular clusters
The document provides contact information for Statistics Homework Helper, including their website, email address, and phone number. It offers help with Statistics Homework through online tutoring services.
Lattice Energy LLC- High-temperature Superconductivity in Patches-Aug 23 2012Lewis Larsen
Certain published experimental data suggests that some form of high temperature superconductivity (HTSC) may be occurring in Widom-Larsen many-body patches of protons and SP electrons found in LENR systems. While not widely known or accepted, controversial experimental data collected and published by Tripodi et al., if correct, suggests that even room temperature superconductivity (RTSC) might be possible, at least in PdHx superconducting systems. If HTSC or RTSC truly does occur in W-L heavy-electron patches, although it shares some common characteristics with Type-2 superconductors, it differs in many key ways. For example, ‘normal’ lattice electron-phonon interactions seem unlikely to be involved in facilitating formation of Cooper pairing in a W-L patch’s SP electron subsystem. Instead, it seems like, during brief attoseconds of collective proton coherence, the many-body collective proton subsystem somehow functions as a local ‘lattice’ (a la a dynamic Coulomb crystal???). Viewed in that manner, a many-body proton subsystem’s electromagnetic and Q-M interactions with a patch’s many-body SP electron subsystem might then be able to provide a local environment conducive to electron pairing therein. Perhaps a patch’s two subsystems form dynamic, mutually reinforcing ‘mirror quantum condensates’ as conceptualized on Slide #81 herein. Hopefully, subject matter experts will study these new theoretical ideas to see whether they might lead to additional fruitful insights.
A rare case of FR I interaction with a hot X-ray bridge in the A2384 galaxy c...Sérgio Sacani
Clusters of varying mass ratios can merge and the process significantly disturbs
the cluster environments and alters their global properties. Active radio galaxies are
another phenomenon that can also affect cluster environments. Radio jets can interact
with the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and locally affect its properties. Abell 2384
(hereafter A2384) is a unique system that has a dense, hot X-ray filament or bridge
connecting the two unequal mass clusters A2384(N) and A2384(S). The analysis of its
morphology suggests that A2384 is a post-merger system where A2384(S) has already
interacted with the A2384(N), and as a result hot gas has been stripped over a ∼ 1
Mpc region between the two bodies. We have obtained its 325 MHz GMRT data,
and we detected a peculiar FR I type radio galaxy which is a part of the A2384(S).
One of its radio lobes interacts with the hot X-ray bridge and pushes the hot gas in
the opposite direction. This results in displacement in the bridge close to A2384(S).
Based on Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations, we notice a temperature and
entropy enhancement at the radio lobe-X-ray plasma interaction site, which further
suggests that the radio lobe is changing thermal plasma properties. We have also
studied the radio properties of the FR I radio galaxy, and found that the size and
radio luminosity of the interacting north lobe of the FR I galaxy are lower than those
of the accompanying south lobe.
Similar to Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Astro particle-physics-2011 (20)
STUDY OF THE COMET 12P/PONS-BROOKS.A. Q. Vodniza1, 1Director of University of...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
ntroduction: This comet was discovered by Jean-
Louis Pons on July 12/1812, and re-discovered by
William Robert Brooks in 1883. It’s believed that
Chinese astronomers could have observed it back in
the year 1300 [1]. This comet will reach its perihelion
on April 21/2024 at a distance of 0.781 AU [2]. It will
get closest to Earth on June 2 of the same year. The
cometary nucleus is approximately 17 +/- 6 kilometers
[3]. The comet is famous for its explosions: at least
seven major explosions have been observed since the
19th century and in 2023 they have been detected on
July 20, October 5, November 1, November 14 [4].
The comet is of the criovolcanic type and produces
explosions that are created by the degassing of the
carbon dioxide in the nucleus. Unlike most comets, the
gas and ice inside this comet accumulate so much that
this celestial object can explode violently, shooting
material called cryomagma through large cracks in the
nucleus’ shell [5].
Methodology:
CAPITULO4_EL_PRINCIPITO:De esta manera supe una segunda cosa muy importante: ...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
El Principito – Capítulo 4
De esta manera supe una segunda cosa muy importante: su planeta de origen era apenas más grande que una casa
Esto no podía asombrarme mucho. Sabía muy bien que aparte de los grandes planetas como la Tierra, Júpiter, Marte, Venus, a los cuales se les ha dado nombre, existen otros centenares
de ellos tan pequeños a veces, que es difícil distinguirlos aun con la ayuda del telescopio.
Cuando un astrónomo descubre uno de estos planetas, le da por nombre un número. Le llama, por ejemplo, «el asteroide 3251» ((423624) Udeantioquia)
Teoría Cuántica de
Campos y su Interfaz
con Física de Astro-
Partículas y Astronomía
de Ondas
Gravitacionales.
Editor: Herman J. Mosquera Cuesta.
Co-Editores: Fabián H. Zuluaga Giraldo,
Wilmer Daniel Alfonso P.,
Edgardo J. Marbello Santrich.
INTECH_OPEN/2024.
La ecuación más larga en física
El modelo Lagrangiano es una expresión matemática que resume el Modelo Estándar de física de partículas, que es la teoría más exitosa de las interacciones fundamentales entre partículas elementales.
Se compone de cuatro partes diferentes, cada una de las cuales describe un aspecto diferente del Modelo Estándar.
El modelo lagrangiano está escrito en una notación compacta que utiliza símbolos y operadores de la teoría cuántica de campos, como derivadas covariantes, tensores de intensidad de campo, matrices de Dirac y generadores de grupos de calibre.
También utiliza varias constantes y parámetros que se determinan mediante experimentos, como constantes de acoplamiento, masas y ángulos de mezcla. Es una de las ecuaciones más largas de la física porque contiene muchos términos y factores que explican todas las posibles interacciones y simetrías del modelo estándar.
Fue transcrito por Thomas Gutiérrez, quien lo derivó de Diagrammatica: The Path to Feynman Diagrams de Martinus Veltman.
Cómo usan el baño los astronautas en el espacio? - Abril 4, 2024 - space.comSOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
¿Cómo usan el baño los astronautas en el espacio?
Por Robert Lea
Fuente: https://www.space.com/how-do-astronauts-go-to-bathroom-in-space-toilet-
guide
Publicado el 4 de abril de 2024
¡Para ir con valentía! Los astronautas pueden parecer sobrehumanos, pero tienen
las mismas necesidades básicas que el resto de nosotros, y eso incluye usar el baño
en el espacio.
¿Cómo usan los astronautas el baño en el espacio? Es un poco complicado... (Crédito de la imagen:
Daisy Dobrijevic producida en Canva)
"Hazlo con el traje"
Esas fueron las desconcertantes palabras que el primer estadounidense en el
espacio, Alan Shepherd, escuchó el 5 de mayo de 1961, cuando avisó al equipo de
la plataforma de lanzamiento que necesitaba orinar. Shepherd hizo lo que le
indicaron, orinó en su traje espacial y provocó un cortocircuito en sus biosensores
electrónicos.
El traje espacial de Shepherd no estaba equipado con un sistema de recolección de
orina porque no se esperaba que su misión durara lo suficiente como para que
necesitara orinar.
Información editada y compartida vía:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Universidada de Antioquia - Alma Máter UdeA.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
https://youtube.com/live/y8HxJIFedcM
Agradecemos muy especialmente a Olga Lucía Penagos Eastman, diseñadora gráfica y aficionada a la astronomía, por la elaboración del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
TO BE HUMAN, IT SEEMS, IS TO SEEK PURPOSE IN OUR
TRANSIENT lives. Many people find meaning in the eyes of their children
or in the words of Scripture, but I discovered it on a beach outside a Hyatt
Regency in Aruba. I had journeyed south that winter of 1998 to escape the
snows of Boston and, more notably, to take in nature’s grandest spectacle, a
total solar eclipse, which would cross the Caribbean on a Thursday
afternoon in late February. As a science journalist, I thought I knew what to
expect. For 174 seconds, the blue sky would blacken, stars would appear,
and the sun would manifest its ethereal outer atmosphere, the solar corona.
What I had not anticipated was my own intense reaction to the display.
For three glorious minutes, I felt transported to another planet, indeed to a higher plane of reality, as my consciousness departed the earth and I gaped at an alien sky. Above me, in the dim vault of the heavens, shone an incomprehensible object. It looked like an enormous wreath woven from silvery thread, and it hung suspended in the immensity of space, shimmering.
As I stood transfixed by this vision, I felt something I had never experienced before—a visceral connection to the universe—and I became an umbraphile, an eclipse chaser, one who has since obsessively stalked the moon’s shadow —across Europe, Asia, Australia—for yet a few more fleeting moments of lunar nirvana.
Medellín, viernes 23 de febrero de 2024.
CITACIÓN A LA ASAMBLEA ANUAL ORDINARIA
La junta directiva de la SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO convoca a todos los miembros a la Asamblea Anual Ordinaria, que se efectuará el día sábado 23 de marzo de 2024 a las 10:00 a.m. en forma virtual, en la plataforma: https://meet.jit.si/asambleasjg2024.
Nota: La clave de acceso a la sala de la asamblea será compartida a los socios el día sábado 23 de marzo con dos horas de anticipación en el grupo de WhatsApp de la Sociedad.
El orden del día será el siguiente:
ORDEN DEL DÍA
1º.- Verificación del quórum.
2º.- Nombramiento de la Comisión de Aprobación del Acta. 3º.- Aprobación del Orden del Día.
4º.- Informe del Director. 5º.- Informe del Tesorero.
6º.- Informe del Revisor Fiscal.
7º.- Designación de la nueva Junta Directiva. 8º.- Designación del Revisor Fiscal.
9º.- Designación del Tesorero. 10º.-Proposiciones y varios.
NOTA:
Se recomienda estar a la hora indicada; además se recuerda que cada miembro de número puede representar por escrito sólo a otro miembro de número que no pueda asistir.
Atentamente:
JUNTA DIRECTIVA SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO.
https://youtube.com/live/rIIkZoSgljs
Agradecemos a Paola Restrepo, Astrónoma y Artísta por su apoyo en la elaboración del afiche de invitación a nuestra charla de la Sociedad.
En ésta charla, Mujeres en la astronomía:
Recordaremos a algunas mujeres que han escogido observar el cielo, y explicarlo, y cuyos logros han sido reconocidos.
También abriremos un espacio para conversar sobre la situación actual de las mujeres que quieren dedicarse a la Astronomía y a las Ciencias Espaciales.
Por:
Luz Angela Cubides González.
Astrónoma (2004), Magíster en Hermenéutica Literaria (2013) y docente.
Amiga Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
Portada y contraportada de este Anuario ilustran un resultado
excepcional obtenido durante 2023: la imagen de la sombra central,
disco de acrecimiento y chorro energético en el agujero negro de la
galaxia M87. En la imagen se aprecia directamente cómo se eyecta el
chorro a partir del material que se acreta sobre el agujero negro super-
masivo. El pionero resultado fue obtenido con la red global de telesco-
pios de ondas milimétricas (GMVA), red en la que los radiotelescopios
de Yebes y del IRAM juegan un papel central. Y en el funcionamiento
de estos instrumentos resulta crucial la labor de su personal técnico
y de sus astrónomos, entre ellos los del OAN que prestan su apoyo al
Observatorio de Yebes.
También en 2023, el IGN ha realizado un importantísimo esfuerzo
para mejorar ambos radiotelescopios: el de 40-m en Yebes y el de
30-m del IRAM en Pico Veleta (Granada). En el primero se ha instalado
un espejo secundario con movimiento de balanceo (wobbler) y en el
segundo un nuevo sistema de servomecanismos. Cofinanciadas con
fondos FEDER, estas actuaciones permitirán aumentar la precisión de
ambos instrumentos al límite de las posibilidades actuales de la inge-
niería. Gracias a estas mejoras, se garantiza que los radiotelescopios
permanezcan en la vanguardia científico-tecnológica durante varias
décadas, lo que permitirá a nuestros astrónomos seguir participando
en muchos más descubrimientos y observaciones revolucionarias.
Otro hito importante alcanzado en 2023, de interés para toda la
radioastronomía nacional, ha sido la adhesión formal de España
al tratado internacional del Square Kilometre Array (SKA). De esta
forma, las empresas nacionales participarán en la construcción de
este colosal radiotelescopio, que ya ha comenzado en Australia y en
Sudáfrica, y nuestros astrónomos podrán realizar, desde primera
línea, observaciones pioneras que sin duda transformarán nuestro
conocimiento del universo.
Los artículos de divulgación no pueden faltar en este Anuario.
Ya que pronto se cumplirán 50 años del inicio de la construcción
del Observatorio de Yebes, su director, Pablo de Vicente, nos ilustra
sobre el enorme contenido tecnológico involucrado en la radioastro-
nomía, poniendo énfasis en los importantísimos desarrollos reali-
zados en Yebes. Por su parte, nuestra astrónoma Marina Rodríguez
Baras trata un tema de candente actualidad: la búsqueda de vida en
el sistema solar.
Una guía de los mejores eventos astronómicos de 2024: cuándo, dónde y cómo fo...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
Este documento proporciona una guía detallada de los principales eventos astronómicos que tendrán lugar en 2024, incluidos eclipses, lluvias de estrellas, planetas visibles y más. Incluye un calendario mes a mes de los eventos, con información sobre fechas, horas y lugares de visibilidad. Además, ofrece consejos sobre cómo planificar la observación y fotografía de estos eventos utilizando la aplicación PhotoPills. El objetivo es ayudar a los lectores a aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades
Article
Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous
Unidentified Aerial Vehicles
Kevin H. Knuth 1,2,* , Robert M. Powell 2 and Peter A. Reali 2
1 Department of Physics, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222, USA
2 Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies (SCU), Fort Myers, FL 33913, USA;
robertmaxpowell@gmail.com (R.M.P.); preali@cableone.net (P.A.R.)
* Correspondence: kknuth@albany.edu
Received: 21 August 2019; Accepted: 21 September 2019; Published: 25 September 2019
Abstract: Several Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) encountered by military, commercial, and
civilian aircraft have been reported to be structured craft that exhibit ‘impossible’ flight characteristics.
We consider a handful of well-documented encounters, including the 2004 encounters with the
Nimitz Carrier Group off the coast of California, and estimate lower bounds on the accelerations
exhibited by the craft during the observed maneuvers. Estimated accelerations range from almost
100 g to 1000s of gs with no observed air disturbance, no sonic booms, and no evidence of excessive
heat commensurate with even the minimal estimated energies. In accordance with observations,
the estimated parameters describing the behavior of these craft are both anomalous and surprising.
The extreme estimated flight characteristics reveal that these observations are either fabricated or
seriously in error, or that these craft exhibit technology far more advanced than any known craft on
Earth. In many cases, the number and quality of witnesses, the variety of roles they played in the
encounters, and the equipment used to track and record the craft favor the latter hypothesis that
these are indeed technologically advanced craft. The observed flight characteristics of these craft
are consistent with the flight characteristics required for interstellar travel, i.e., if these observed
accelerations were sustainable in space, then these craft could easily reach relativistic speeds within a
matter of minutes to hours and cover interstellar distances in a matter of days to weeks, proper time.
Keywords: UAP; UAV; UFO; Nimitz; Tic-Tac
Hola Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG-Astronomy),
Soy Silvia, especialista en conservación de WWF Colombia, y me complace enormemente compartir con Ustedes esta guía que hicimos con mucho amor y dedicación para que juntos podamos explorar a los maravillosos animales que habitan en nuestra hermosa Colombia. 🦋🌳
A través del arte del origami, podrás crear tu propia representación de un ágil jaguar o una imponente ballena, sin importar el color ni que quede perfecto y lo mejor de todo, puedes hacerlo con papel reciclado.
¡Esta guía es como tener un pedacito de la naturaleza en tus manos! 🌿
Silvia Vejarano
WWF Colombia, Bogotá Oficina Bogotá Carrera 10 A # 69 A 44, Bogotá, Cundinamarca 111221, Colombia, 443 1550
El cielo celebra la época decembrina con la lluvia de meteoros de Las Gemínidas, la más
abundante del año. Así es, la noche del miércoles 13 de diciembre desde las 9 p.m. en adelante
pudiéramos comenzar a ver los luminosos trazos meteóricos de “Las Gemínidas”, para este año
tenemos la fortuna de que un día antes ocurrirá la Luna Nueva, lo que significa que no tendremos
el brillo de la luna opacando la visualización de los meteoros. Por lo que inclusive desde el mismo
atardecer pudiéramos estar pendientes a ver si captamos alguna Gemínida.
Para este año 2023 el máximo de actividad ocurrirá las 2:00 pm del jueves 14 de diciembre, así
tanto los días 13 y el 14 de diciembre, desde que salga la constelación de Géminis, por el horizonte
oriental a las 8 pm., estaremos en la posibilidad de disfrutar de este espectáculo celeste durante
toda la noche; se espera que en las mejores condiciones de visibilidad, puedan observarse hasta
150 meteoros por hora, según la Organización Internacional de Meteoros (IMO), sin embargo esto
disminuye drásticamente con la contaminación lumínica del lugar de observación.
Inforamción Compartida por:
Enrique Torres.
Divulgador de Astronomía, Ágora del Cosmos
Información compartida por Enrique Torres:
Amigo Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Departamento de Antioquia, República de Colombia, América del Sur.
Rover IUE: exploration of the concept from
human factors
León Jaime Restrepo Quirós, José Andrés Zuluaga Ramírez
Grupo de investigación en tecnologías emergentes,
sostenibles e inteligentes – GITESI
Línea de automatización industrial
Facultad de ingeniería, Institución Universitaria de Envigado
Gráficas Conjución Luna Pleyades utilizando el Stelarium 23.3
Por:
Elkin Ramiro Mesa Ochoa
Médico - Universidada de Antioquia - Alma Máter UdeA.
Sociedad Julio Garavito para el Estudio de la Astronomía (SJG - Astronomy); Ciudad de Medellín (Distrito Espacial, Especial en Ciencia, Ingeniería, Tecnología, Innovación, Creatividad e Industria Aeroespacial), Antioquia-Departamento Aeroespacial de la República de Colombia, América del Sur.
EL ASTEROIDE APOPHIS
Por: Alberto Quijano Vodniza
Master in Physics - University of Puerto Rico
Director of "University of Narino Observatory"
Member of the "American Astronomical Society"
Es común a través de las redes y de algunos medios de comunicación, publicar noticias alarmantes
que indican: “un asteroide rozará a la Tierra próximamente”. Esas publicaciones están afirmando
en definitiva que habrá colisión entre un cuerpo celeste y nuestro planeta, lo cual afortunadamente
es falso! Y ahora le tocó el turno al famoso asteroide APOPHIS, y muchos medios ya están
divulgando noticias que se apartan de la realidad!
El asteroide APOPHIS tiene un diámetro de aproximadamente 270 metros, y fue descubierto en la
Navidad del 2004. Se hizo famoso en aquel entonces por la predicción de su gran proximidad a la
Tierra que ocurrirá el 13 de abril del 2029; pasará a tan sólo 32.000 kilómetros de nuestro planeta,
mucho más cerca que los satélites artificiales, pero evidentemente muy lejos de la atmósfera
terrestre. Los primeros cálculos realizados con pocos datos observacionales, estimaban una gran
probabilidad de colisión con la Tierra, pero con el transcurso de los años se han tomado gran
cantidad de datos adicionales, con los cuales ya se ha refinado muy bien la órbita del asteroide, y
ahora se concluye todo lo contrario. Como en el año 2029 el acercamiento a la Tierra será bastante
cerrado (pero a una distancia segura), se estimó que el campo gravitacional terrestre podría
modificar la órbita del asteroide en un grado tal, que habría una probabilidad de colisión con nuestro
planeta en el año 2036 o 2068. Por ese motivo, para investigar mucho más la dinámica del asteroide,
se aprovechó los primeros días del mes de marzo del año 2021 para tomar nuevos datos de
APOPHIS, y Científicos de la Universidad de Arizona y de NASA organizaron el grupo internacional
denominado “99942 APOPHIS 2021 OBSERVING CAMPAIGN”, dirigido por el científico Dr. Vishnu
Reddy.
https://iawn.net/obscamp/Apophis/index.shtml
Aunque el gran Radiotelescopio de Arecibo desafortunadamente colapsó en diciembre del 2020, y
no pudo usarse para observaciones de radar,se utilizaron otros instrumentos: El radiotelescopio
situado en California denominado “The Deep Space Network’s Goldstone Complex” y “The Green
Bank Telescope” ubicado en Virginia Occidental-USA.
Con la gran cantidad de datos de fotometría, astrometría y radar capturados en fechas cercanas al
5 de marzo del año 2021, época en la cual APOPHIS estuvo aproximadamente a 17 millones de
kilómetros de la Tierra, se calculó mucho mejor la órbita de APOPHIS, se realizaron además muchas
simulaciones en computador, y se llegó a la conclusión final que NO EXISTE ninguna probabilidad
que este asteroide colisione con la Tierra.
Información compartida por:
Alberto Quijano Vodniza
Observatorio de la Universidad de Nariño - Pasto - Colombia.
https://observatorioastronomico.udenar.edu.co/
Amigo Sociedad Julio Garavito
Es este el cometa más extraño que hay - Cometa 12P Pons-Brooks - Nov 20, 2023...SOCIEDAD JULIO GARAVITO
¿ES ESTE EL COMETA MÁS EXTRAÑO QUE HAY?
El cometa 12P/Pons-Brooks sigue desconcertando a los astrónomos, que están
vigilando las consecuencias de su cuarta gran erupción criovolcánica en 2023. Las
erupciones anteriores de julio y octubre produjeron "cuernos de diablo".
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Apartes de la Conferencia de la SJG del 14 y 21 de Enero de 2012: Astro particle-physics-2011
1. This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached
copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
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encouraged to visit:
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2. Author's personal copy
Astroparticle Physics 34 (2011) 587–590
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Astroparticle Physics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/astropart
Inflation from R2 gravity: A new approach using nonlinear electrodynamics
Christian Corda a,b,⇑,1, Herman J. Mosquera Cuesta c,d,e,2
a
International Institute for Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Einstein-Galilei, via Bruno Buozzi 47, 59100 Prato, Italy
b
Institute for Basic Research, P. O. Box 1577, Palm Harbor, FL 34682, USA
c
Instituto de Cosmologia, Relatividade e Astrofìsica (ICRA-BR), Centro Brasilero de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150, CEP 22290 - 180 Urca Rio de Janeiro - RJ Brazil
d
ICRANet, International Coordinating Center, Piazza della Repubblica,10, 65122 Pescara, Italy
e
Departamento de Fìsica, Universidade Vale do Acaraù, Av. da Universidade 850, Campus da Betania, CEP 62.040-370, Sobral, Ceara, Brazil
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: We discuss another approach regarding the inflation from the R2 theory of gravity originally proposed by
Received 26 March 2009 Starobinski. A non-singular early cosmology is proposed, where, adding a nonlinear electrodynamics
Received in revised form 22 November 2010 Lagrangian to the high-order action, a bouncing is present and a power-law inflation is obtained. In
Accepted 2 December 2010
the model the Ricci scalar R works like an inflaton field.
Available online 8 December 2010
Ó 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Inflation
Nonlinear lagrangian
1. Introduction dynamics can be achieved by extending general relativity [2–4].
In this different context, it is not required to search candidates
The accelerated expansion of the Universe that is currently pur- for Dark Energy and Dark Matter, which until to date, have not
ported from observations of SNe Ia suggests that cosmological been found, but rather it claims that only the ‘‘observed’’ ingredi-
dynamics is dominated by a ‘‘new’’ substance of the universe con- ents: curvature and baryon matter, have to be taken into account.
stituents dubbed as Dark Energy, which is able to provide a large Considering this point of view, one can posit that gravity is not
negative pressure to account for the late-time accelerate expansion. scale-invariant [5]. In so doing, one allows for a room for alterna-
This is the standard picture, in which such a new ingredient is con- tive theories to be opened [6–8]. In principle, interesting Dark En-
sidered as a source of the right-hand-side of the field equations. It is ergy and Dark Matter models can be built by considering f(R)
posed that it should be some form of un-clustered non-zero vacuum theories of gravity [5,9] (here R is the Ricci curvature scalar).
energy which, together with the clustered Dark Matter, drives the In this perspective, even the sensitive detectors of gravitational
global dynamics. This is the so-called ‘‘concordance model’’ (KCDM) waves like bars and interferometers (i.e. those which are currently
which gives, in agreement with the data analysis of the observations in operation and the ones which are in a phase of planning and pro-
of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), Lyman posal stages [10,11]), could, in principle, test the physical consis-
Limit Systems (LLS) and type la supernovae (SNe Ia), a good frame- tency of general relativity or of any other theory of gravitation.
work for understanding the currently observed Universe. However, This is because in the context of Extended Theories of Gravity
the KCDM presents several shortcomings as the well known ‘‘coin- important differences with respect to general relativity show up
cidence’’ and ‘‘cosmological constant’’ problems [1]. after studying the linearized theory [12–15].
An alternative approach to explain the purported late-time In this paper, another approach regarding the inflation from the
acceleration of the universe is to change the left hand side of the R2 theory of gravity, which is the simplest among f(R) theories and
field equations, and to inquire whether the observed cosmic was been originally proposed by Starobinski [16], is shown. A non-
singular early cosmology is proposed, where, adding a nonlinear
⇑ Corresponding author. Addresses: Associazione Scientifica Galileo Galilei, Via electrodynamics Lagrangian to the high-order action, a bouncing
Pier Cironi 16-59100 PRATO, Italy. Institute for Basic Research, P. O. Box 1577, Palm is present and a power-law inflation is obtained. In the model
Harbor, FL 34682, USA. the Ricci scalar R works like an inflaton field.
E-mail addresses: christian.corda@ego-gw.it (C. Corda), herman@icra.it (H.J. In the general picture of high order theories of gravity, recently
Mosquera Cuesta). the R2 theory has been analysed in various interesting frameworks,
1
Partially supported by a Research Grant of The R.M. Santilli Foundations Number
RMS-TH-5735A2310.
see [17,18] for example.
2
Fellow of Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientìfico e We recall that extensions of the traditional Maxwell electromag-
Tecnològico (FUNCAP), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. netic Lagrangian, which take into account high order terms of the
0927-6505/$ - see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.12.002
3. Author's personal copy
588 C. Corda, H.J. Mosquera Cuesta / Astroparticle Physics 34 (2011) 587–590
electromagnetic scalar F, have been used in cosmological models b can be obtained by varing the action in respect to R. It is
[19], gravitational redshifts of neutron stars [20] and pulsars [21].
@ðR þ aR2 Þ
Moreover, a particular nonlinear Lagrangian has been analysed in a3 dR À bdR ¼ 0; ð8Þ
the context of the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft anomaly [22]. @R
which gives
2. Action and lagrangian
@ðR þ aR2 Þ
b ¼ a3 ¼ a3 ð2aR þ 1Þ: ð9Þ
Let us consider the high order action [16–18] @R
Z
ffi
4 pffiffiffiffiffiffi
Thus, substituting in Eq. (7) one obtains
S¼ d x Àg R þ aR2 þ Lm : ð1Þ Z n o
S ¼ 2p2 dt À2a3 aR2 À 6a2 að2aR þ 1Þ À 6aðaÞ2 ð2aR þ 1Þ þ a3 Lm :
€ _
Such an Eq. (1) is a particular choice in respect to the well
known canonical one of General Relativity (the Einstein–Hilbert ð10Þ
action [23]) which is
Z The term À6a2 að2aR þ 1Þ is critical as it contains a second
€
4 pffiffiffiffiffiffi
ffi
S¼ d x Àg ðR þ Lm Þ: ð2Þ derivative of a. Let us integrate it. It is
Z
2
We are going to show that the action (1), applied to the Fried- À6 dta að2aR þ 1Þ ¼ À6a2 að2aR þ 1Þ
€ _
`
mann–Lemaıtre–Robertson–Walker Cosmology, generates a non- Z h i
singular inflationary phase of the Universe where the Ricci scalar þ 6 dt 2aa2 aR þ 2aðaÞ2 ð2aR þ 1Þ
__ _
acts like inflaton, and a bouncing is present, if Lm is the non linear Z h i
electrodynamics Lagrangian. Note that in this letter we work with ¼ 6 dt 2aa2 aR þ 2aðaÞ2 ð2aR þ 1Þ ;
__ _ ð11Þ
8pG = 1, c = 1 and = 1.
h
Inflationary models of the early Universe were analysed in the where we have taken into account that the term outside the integral
early and middles 1980’s (see [24] for a review), starting from an is equal to zero as it is a pure divergence.
idea of Starobinski [16] and Guth [25]. These are cosmological Substituting in Eq. (10), one gets
models in which the Universe undergoes a brief phase of a very ra- Z n o
pid expansion in early times. In this context the expansion could be S ¼ 2p2 dt Àa3 aR2 þ 12aa2 aR þ 6aðaÞ2 ð2aR þ 1Þ þ a3 Lm :
__ _
power-law or exponential in time. Inflationary models provide
solutions to the horizon and flatness problems and contain a mech- ð12Þ
anism which creates perturbations in all fields [24]. Then, the Lagrangian is
In Cosmology, the Universe is seen like a dynamic and thermo-
dynamic system in which test masses (i.e. the ‘‘particles’’) are the L ¼ Àa3 aR2 þ 12aa2 aR þ 6aðaÞ2 ð2aR þ 1Þ þ a3 Lm :
__ _ ð13Þ
galaxies that are stellar systems with a number of the order of The energy function associated to the Lagrangian is [23]
109 À 1011 stars [23]. Galaxies are located in clusters and super
clusters, and observations show that, on cosmological scales, their @L @L _
EL ¼ _
aþ R À L: ð14Þ
distribution is uniform. This is also confirmed by the WMAP data _
@a _
@R
on the Cosmic Background Radiation [26,27]. These assumption Combining Eq. (13) with Eq. (14), the condition
can be summarized in the so called Cosmological Principle: the EL ¼ 0; ð15Þ
Universe is homogeneous everywhere and isotropic around every
1 da
point. Cosmological Principle simplifies the analysis of the large together with the definition of the Hubble constant, i.e. H ¼ a dt
, and
scale structure, because it implies that the proper distances be- with a little algebra gives
tween any two galaxies is given by an universal scale factor which _
Lm R
is the same for any couple of galaxies [23]. H2 ¼ ÀH : ð16Þ
3aR R
In this framework, the cosmological line – element is the well
`
known Friedmann–Lemaıtre–Robertson–Walker one, and for a _
From the Euler–Lagrange equation for a and a, i.e. [23]
sake of simplicity we will consider the flat case, because the WMAP
@L d @L
data are in agreement with it [26,27]: ¼ ; ð17Þ
_
@a dt @ a
2 2 2 2 2
ds ¼ Àdt þ a2 ðdz þ dx þ dy Þ: ð3Þ
one gets
Following [23] we also get
€ _ 2Lm :
R þ 3HR ¼ ð18Þ
À1 0 0 0 3a
2
0 þa 0 0
g lm ¼ ; ð4Þ An important question is where Eq. (15) comes from [29]. In
0 0 þa2 0 general relativity, due to the reparametrization invariance of the
0 0 0 þa2 time coordinate, the total energy (including the contribution from
the gravity sector) vanishes [29]. In the action (12), however, there
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Àg ¼ a3 ; ð5Þ is not the reparametrization invariance because the total derivative
terms are dropped [29]. Then, one can think that the total energy
and
does not always vanish [29]. We clarify this point as it follows.
2 #
1 da_ _
a Let us start by the original action (1) from which the action (12)
R ¼ À6 þ : ð6Þ
a dt a arises. Let us consider the conformal transformation [30]
One can use the Lagrange multipliers putting g ab ¼ e2U g ab ;
~ ð19Þ
Z (
2 # )
€ _ where the conformal rescaling
a a
S ¼ 2p2 dt a3 ðR þ aR2 Þ À b R þ 6 þ 6 þ a3 Lm : ð7Þ
a a e2U ¼ 2aR þ 1 ð20Þ
4. Author's personal copy
C. Corda, H.J. Mosquera Cuesta / Astroparticle Physics 34 (2011) 587–590 589
has been chosen. By applying the conformal transformation (19) to One gets
the action (1) the conformal equivalent Hilbert–Einstein action rffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffih i B0 2À 2 Á
4
~ e a2 ¼ pffiffiffi t þ 12c1 : ð29Þ
A ¼ d x Àg R þ LðU; U;a Þ þ Lm ð21Þ a 3
This expression is not singular for c1 0. In this case we see that
is obtained. LðU; U;a Þ is the conformal scalar field contribution de-
at the instant t = 0 a minimum value of the scale factor is present:
rived from
B0 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
e 1 a2 ¼ pffiffiffi 8c1 :
min ð30Þ
R ab ¼ Rab þ 2 U;a U;b À g ab U;d U;d À g ab U;d ;
;d ð22Þ a
2 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
This also implies that, for a value t ¼ 12c1 , the energy density
and Àq reaches a maximum value qmax = 1/64c1. For smaller values of t
À Á the energy density decreases, vanishing a t = 0, while the pressure
e
R ¼ eÀ2U þ R À 6ÃU À 6U;d U;d : ð23Þ becomes negative [19].
In this way, the condition of inflation P À q⁄ 0 [24] gives the
Clearly, the reparametrization invariance of the time coordinate inflationary solutions for Eqs. (16) and (18), if one assumes that
is consistent with the new action (21) in the conformal Einstein the Ricci scalar R acts like inflaton:
frame and the total energy (including the contribution from the
gravity sector) vanishes in this case too. One could object that RðtÞ ’ ð1 þ Ht=bÞ2 ;
the energy in the conformal Einstein frame is different with respect ð31Þ
ainf ðtÞ ’ ð1 þ Ht=bÞwþ1=2
to the energy in the original Jordan frame, but in Ref. [31] it has
been shown that the two conformal frames are energetically equiv- with b ’ w and
alent if, together with the conformal rescaling (19), times and qffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
lengths are rescaled as eU while the mass-energy is rescaled as Hinf ’ LÃ ;
m ð32Þ
eÀU. This analysis permits to enable the condition of Eq. (15) in
the present discussion too. where LÃ is the right hand side of Eq. (16) which is constant during
m
the inflationary phase. The idea of considering the Ricci scalar as an
3. Nonlinear electrodynamics lagrangian and Inflation effective scalar field (scalaron) arises from Starobinski [16].
In order to show that our model admits a power law inflation- 4. Conclusion remarks
ary phase, we need to postulate some matter Lagrangian Lm which
can perform the condition of inflation P À q [24]. We will use the Another approach regarding the inflation from the R2 theory of
non linear electrodynamics Lagrangian of [19], which is gravity, which was originally proposed by Starobinsk, has been
analysed. A non-singular early cosmology has been proposed,
1
Lm À F þ c1 F 2 þ c2 G2 ; ð24Þ where, adding a nonlinear electrodynamics Lagrangian to the
4
high-order action, a bouncing is present and a power-law inflation
where F is the electromagnetic scalar, c1, c2 are two constants and, is obtained. In the model which has been discussed, the Ricci scalar
considering the electromagnetic field tensor Fab (see [23] the defini- R works like an inflaton field.
tion of this object), G is defined like [19] G 1 gablm F ab F lm .
2
The Lagrangian (24), differently from the one of the singular Acknowledgements
Einstein–Maxwell Universe, performs a non-singular Universe
with bouncing [19]. This is because the energy condition of singu- The authors thank Professor Mario Novello for useful discus-
larity theorems [28] is not satisfied in the case of the non linear sions on the topics of this paper. We also thank an unknown ref-
electrodynamics Lagrangian (see [19] for details). eree for precious advices and suggestions which permitted to
In fact, following [19], one uses the equation of state improve this paper.
1
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