Antiherpes Agents:
Overview:
Antiviral drugs targeting herpes viruses are designed to inhibit the replication of these viruses, which include herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). These drugs are essential in managing and treating infections caused by herpes viruses.
Types of Antiherpes Agents:
Nucleoside Analogues:
Acyclovir: Acyclovir is a prototypical antiviral drug effective against HSV and VZV. It is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits viral DNA synthesis by competing with the natural nucleoside and becoming incorporated into the growing viral DNA chain, leading to chain termination.
Valacyclovir: Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir, meaning it is converted into acyclovir in the body. It is often used for the treatment of genital herpes, shingles, and cold sores.
Famciclovir: Another prodrug, famciclovir is converted to penciclovir, which inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It is used for the treatment of herpes zoster and recurrent genital herpes.
Nucleotide Analogues:
Cidofovir: Cidofovir is a nucleotide analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It is used in severe cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and acyclovir-resistant HSV infections.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors:
Foscarnet: Foscarnet is a non-nucleoside analogue that inhibits viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. It is used in the treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV and CMV infections.
Mechanism of Action:
Most antiherpes agents interfere with viral DNA synthesis. Nucleoside analogues are incorporated into the growing DNA chain, leading to premature termination, while nucleotide analogues act as chain terminators directly. Protein kinase inhibitors disrupt the phosphorylation process crucial for viral DNA synthesis.
Side Effects:
Common side effects of antiherpes agents include nausea, headache, and diarrhea. More severe side effects are rare but may include kidney dysfunction, especially with prolonged use.
Drug Resistance:
The emergence of drug-resistant strains, particularly in immunocompromised patients, is a concern. Combination therapy and close monitoring are strategies employed to mitigate resistance.
Anti-influenza Agents:
Overview:
Anti-influenza agents are crucial for managing influenza, a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. These drugs aim to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms and prevent complications.
Types of Anti-influenza Agents:
Neuraminidase Inhibitors:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): Oseltamivir inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme, preventing the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells. It is effective against both influenza A and B viruses.
Zanamivir (Relenza): Zanamivir is another neuraminidase inhibitor delivered through inhalation. It also prevents the release of new virions from infected cells.
Adamantanes:
Amantadine: Amantadine inhibits the M2 ion channel, inhibiting the release of viral genetic material into the host cell.
Antiviral drugs are a class of medications used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the replication or growth of viruses in the body. These drugs work by targeting specific components of a virus, such as the viral enzymes, proteins, or nucleic acids, and disrupting their ability to infect or replicate inside host cells. This can help reduce the severity of symptoms, prevent complications, and speed up recovery.
There are many types of antiviral drugs available, including:
1. Nucleoside or nucleotide analogues: These drugs mimic the structure of the nucleosides or nucleotides needed for viral replication, thereby interfering with virus replication.
2. Protease inhibitors: These drugs block the activity of viral proteases, which are enzymes that are required for the replication and assembly of some viruses.
3. Interferons: These drugs are naturally occurring proteins that help the immune system fight viral infections by boosting the body's antiviral response.
4. Neuraminidase inhibitors: These drugs block the activity of viral neuraminidase, an enzyme that is required for the release of virus particles from infected cells.
5. Fusion inhibitors: These drugs block the fusion of viral and host cell membranes, which is an essential step in viral entry and replication.
Antiviral drugs can be used to treat a variety of viral infections, including influenza, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, herpes, and Ebola. However, the effectiveness of these drugs can vary depending on the specific virus and the stage of infection. Antiviral drugs may also have side effects, and it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking them.
Antiviral drugs are a class of medications used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the replication or growth of viruses in the body. These drugs work by targeting specific components of a virus, such as the viral enzymes, proteins, or nucleic acids, and disrupting their ability to infect or replicate inside host cells. This can help reduce the severity of symptoms, prevent complications, and speed up recovery.
There are many types of antiviral drugs available, including:
1. Nucleoside or nucleotide analogues: These drugs mimic the structure of the nucleosides or nucleotides needed for viral replication, thereby interfering with virus replication.
2. Protease inhibitors: These drugs block the activity of viral proteases, which are enzymes that are required for the replication and assembly of some viruses.
3. Interferons: These drugs are naturally occurring proteins that help the immune system fight viral infections by boosting the body's antiviral response.
4. Neuraminidase inhibitors: These drugs block the activity of viral neuraminidase, an enzyme that is required for the release of virus particles from infected cells.
5. Fusion inhibitors: These drugs block the fusion of viral and host cell membranes, which is an essential step in viral entry and replication.
Antiviral drugs can be used to treat a variety of viral infections, including influenza, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, herpes, and Ebola. However, the effectiveness of these drugs can vary depending on the specific virus and the stage of infection. Antiviral drugs may also have side effects, and it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking them.
Rabies Clinical Disease Mangement By Waqas Siddiqe.pptxwaqassiddiqe
Rabies pathophysiology and disease management includes therapies and adverse effects and drug interactions.
Content taken from published articles and books valid and accurate content.
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.Our arsenal of antivirals is dangerously small.Currently available antivirals are mainly against Herpes,Hepatitis and AIDS viruses.The treatment of HCV has shifted away from the use of Peg-IFN towards oral antivirals.Preventive vaccination is the key to global control of viral infections.
Wash Your Hands Often and Sanitize
Viruses usually enter your system through your mouth, eyes, and nose. Therefore, avoid touching your face, especially around your orifices, and always wash your hands before eating and after using the bathroom. If you're out and about, use a hand sanitize
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Rabies Clinical Disease Mangement By Waqas Siddiqe.pptxwaqassiddiqe
Rabies pathophysiology and disease management includes therapies and adverse effects and drug interactions.
Content taken from published articles and books valid and accurate content.
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antiviral drugs do not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its development.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.Our arsenal of antivirals is dangerously small.Currently available antivirals are mainly against Herpes,Hepatitis and AIDS viruses.The treatment of HCV has shifted away from the use of Peg-IFN towards oral antivirals.Preventive vaccination is the key to global control of viral infections.
Wash Your Hands Often and Sanitize
Viruses usually enter your system through your mouth, eyes, and nose. Therefore, avoid touching your face, especially around your orifices, and always wash your hands before eating and after using the bathroom. If you're out and about, use a hand sanitize
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. 01.
02.
Viruses are the ultimate expression of
obligate intracellular parasitism. They not
only take nutrition from the host cell but
also direct its metabolic machinery to
synthesize new virus particles. Viral
chemotherapy, therefore was considered
impossible, as it would require interference
with cellular metabolism in the host.
Introduction
However, in the past 50 years virus
directed enzymes have been identified in
the infected cell and some viruses have
few enzymes of their own which may have
higher affinities for some antimetabolites
or inhibitors than the regular cellular
enzymes.
Prajwal Ghatol
3. In addition, drugs have been developed
which target virus specific steps like cell
penetration, uncoating, reverse
transcription, virus assembly or maturation
and release from host cell, etc.
Introduction
Another stumbling block is that
in majority of acute infections viral
replication is already at its peak when
symptoms appear. To be effective,
therefore, therapy has to be started in the
incubation period, i.e. has to be
prophylactic or preemptive.
03.
04.
Prajwal Ghatol
6. MOA
This deoxiguanosine analogue requires a virus specific
enzyme for conversion to the active metabolite that
inhibits DNA synthesis and viral replication.
Acyclovir is preferentially taken up by the virus infected
cells. Because of selective generation of the active
inhibitor in the virus infected cell and its greater
inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis, acyclovir has low
toxicity for host cells: a several hundred-fold
chemotherapeutic index has been noted.
It is a synthetic, purine nucleoside analogue that has antiherpes
activity. It is more effective against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than
varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections.
Acyclovir
Prajwal Ghatol
7. Pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir
Only about 20% of an oral dose of acyclovir is absorbed. It is little plasma
protein bound and is widely distributed attaining CSF concentration that
is 50% of plasma concentration. After topical application systemic
absorption is negligible, but it penetrates cornea well. Acyclovir is
primarily excreted unchanged in urine, both by glomerular filtration and
tubular secretion; plasma t1⁄2 is 2- 3 hours.
Renal impairment necessitates dose reduction.
It is a highly potent antiherpes drug. It has high therapeutic index with
low toxicity to host cells.
Prajwal Ghatol
8. Therapeutic Uses of Acyclovir
1. GENITAL HERPES: Oral/intravenous/topical acyclovir is effective in
genital herpes simplex infections. It is used for primary and recurrent
infections; high doses of acyclovir are needed for recurrent infections.
It reduces the frequency and severity of herpetic lesions.
2. HERPETIC ENCEPHALITIS: Intravenous acyclovir is the drug of
choice for encephalitis caused by HSV.
3. Herpes simplex keratitis: Acyclovir is used topically in herpetic
keratoconjunctivitis.
Prajwal Ghatol
9. 4. Mucocutaneous HSV: Acyclovir is used orally or topically in the
treatment of stomatitis, herpes labialis and ulcers in mouth. It is used
intravenously in immunocompromised patients.
5. Herpetic whitlow (nail-bed infection): Oral acyclovir is useful for the
prevention and treatment of whitlow.
6. CHICKENPOX: Acyclovir reduces the duration of illness if started early
in patients at risk of severe illness and immunocompromised
individuals.
7. Herpes zoster: Acyclovir (oral/topical/i.v.) and valacyclovir (oral) are
effective.
Therapeutic Uses of Acyclovir
Prajwal Ghatol
10. Adverse Effects of
Acyclovir
Acyclovir is usually well tolerated. Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhoea and headache are the other side effects.
High doses may cause neurotoxicity with tremor,
confusion, disorientation and convulsions. On topical
use, it can cause irritation and burning.
Prajwal Ghatol
12. Idoxuridine
Idoxuridine is a thymidine analogue that acts against DNA viruses. It
inhibits viral replication. Idoxuridine is used topically for HSV
keratoconjunctivitis. The adverse effects are local irritation, itching,
pain and swelling of lids.
Valganciclovir
It is a prodrug of ganciclovir. It has better bioavailability than
ganciclovir.
Prajwal Ghatol
13. The important features of
some of the antiherpetic
agents are given in the
table.
Prajwal Ghatol
