2. Contents
Background of the author
Historical background of the document
Analysis of the important historical information found
in the document
Contribution & relevance of the document in
understanding the grand narrative of Phil. history
Relevance of the document
4. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
● Born in Kupang, Bulacan on August
30, 1850
● Pen name: Plaridel
● Studied law at the University of
Santo Tomas and graduated in 1880
● One of the greatest propagandists
who sought Philippine freedom
Founded the Diariong Tagalog in 1882
5. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Believed to have written the Anti-Friar
Manifesto of 1888
Fled to Spain in 1888 due to
persecution
Succeeded Graciano Lopez Jaena as
editor of the La Solidaridad in Spain
Died on July 4, 1896 in Barcelona,
Spain
6. Notable Works
Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Mockeries,
1888)
Ang Cadaquilaan nang Dios (The Greatness of
God, 1888)
La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in the
Philippines, 1889)
Sagot ng Espana sa Hibic ng Filipinas (Spain’s
Reply to the Cry of the Philippines, 1889)
7. Jose A. Ramos
a London educated patriot, businessman, and
Mason
Assisted in the Anti-Friar Manifesto
One of the “real author” that the Spanish
Authorities suspected
His printing business played an important role in
the propaganda movement of the Philippine
Revolution
8. Doroteo Cortez
A Mestizo
A Manileño lawyer
Another one of the “real author” that the Spanish
Authorities suspected
10. March 1, 1888
Signed by 800 Filipino patriots
Demonstrators - merchants, industrialists, professionals,
landlords, and laborers
Led by Doroteo Cortez, a Manileño lawyer
Submitted to the office of Don Jose Centeno, a liberal Spanish
geologist and acting Civil Governor of Manila Province
Addressed to Queen Regent Maria Cristina
Patriots were arrested and put in prison, charged with disturbance
of public peace and sedition
Historical Background of the
Document
11. Reform Movement
Inspired by the death of the GOMBURZA
Aim is to seek reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of its colonial
government
Goals:
Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain
Equal status for both Filipinos and Spaniards
Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
Secularization of Philippine parishes
Recognition of human rights
Notable members: Dr. Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and
Marcelo H. del Pilar
12. Secularization of Philippine
Parishes
Two kinds of priests:
Regular
Belongs to religious orders (e.g. Franciscans, Augustinians,
Dominicans)
Main task was to spread Christianity
Secular
Did not belong to religious orders
Trained to run parishes and were under the bishop
Secularization - replacement of the friars, who came
exclusively from Spain, with Filipino priests ordained by
the bishop
13. Secularization of Philippine
Parishes
Conflict began when bishops insisted on visiting parishes
run by regular priests
In 1774, Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa assigned secular
priests to the parishes and approved the resignation of
regular priests
In the same year, a royal decree was issued which provided
the secularization of parishes
Regulars resented the move saying that Filipinos were unfit,
brown skinned, had lack of education and experience
14. Analysis of the important historical information
found in the document
15. Purpose of the Document
Title: Viva España! Viva el Rey! Viva el Ejercito! Fuero
los Frailes! (Long live Spain! Long live the King! Long
live the Army! Down with the Friars!)
Address the complaints of the Filipino people against
the friars, particularly Archbishop Pedro Payo, whose
monastic power is the source of evils in the country
Beg ruling queen to expel these friars from the
Philippines
16. Archbishop Pedro Payo
Archbishop of Manila from
1876-1889
Dominican Order
Known to be meticulous in
ecclesiastical administration
Greatest achievement:
Adornment and improvement
of Manila Cathedral
17. Acts of Friars
Did not give importance to customs
Not paying tribute of respect and love to the anniversary of
the late Alfonso XII
The festival of San Andres - commemorates an
achievement of both Spaniards and the Filipinos, being
the first manifestation of the fused interests of both
countries - should be confined to the narrow space of
Intramuros
18. Acts of Friars
Punished anyone who tried to put order to the country
Diego Salcedo
Governor of the Islands
Proposed to systematize the financial resources of the Philippine
administration
Chained and taken as a prisoner
Fernando de Bustamante
Improved Zamboanga
Tried to clean and invigorate official institutions
Friars organized a crusade against him, and stabbed him
Archbishop of Manila Basilio Sancho
Tried to enforce in his diocese the decrees of the Council of Trent, the
papal bulls, and the royal decrees of the Spanish monarchy
19. Acts of Friars
Punish Indios who speak in Spanish
Friars persecute the study of the official language
Christian doctrine is taught in the country’s dialect
Gives a different sense from the Spanish catechisms
Doctrine translated in the native language shows the divine
superiority of the friars
Confiteor (Spanish) - “... And to thee father that you may pray for me
to God. Amen.”
Confiteor (Filipino translated to English) - “... and thou father, as you
are the substitute of God on earth, absolve me from my sins and
punish me. Amen Jesus.”
20. Separatist Aspiration
Aspiration to be emancipated from Spain
Deemed to be offensive and is against the best interests
of the Filipino People
Diversity in the Philippines (Diversity of Regional Dialect),
requires the unifying bond of Spain
“for the Filipinos would be the idea of suicide”
21. Separatist Aspiration
Spain is the anchor of Salvation of the Filipino People
The friar pushes towards the Separatist Aspiration to
desperation
22. Secular Clergy
Led by Dr. Jose Burgos
upheld the Council of Trent that decreed that friars are
absolutely incapable of filling parish curacies
Discussed the expiration of the privilege conceded by
Pius V and other popes to the friars to administer
parishes temporarily and while a shortage of secular
clergy made it necessary
23. Cavite Mutiny
One of the most important event as to the number of
victims from the most select classes of society
Soldier mutinied in the fort, while also having the vice-
governor for the rebellion
Bells of the churches of St. Dominic, St. Augustine, and
others were rung
They were tried by a military court (the incident was only
a case of military insubordination, and was not
considered as a political crime)
24. Friar Opposition
The Friars undertook a vigorous campaign to
oppose this claim
Friars accuse native clergy of being
unqualified for the ministry, belittling their
intellectual ability
25. Friar is a Necessity
Their opposition argued that it is insufficient to
uphold the privilege of the regulars
Friars popularized the idea that having friars is
a necessity
Not for Catholic Faith nor preaching the
Gospel, but for maintenance of national
integrity
26. Sin of Friars
Religious life
Identified devotion with material objects, used these as merchandise,
fostered fanatiscm
Result: Obscuring the idea of God in the uneducated mind of the masses
Economic life
Acquired rich estates and leased them whose fee rises progressively in
direct proportion to the improvement the tenant makes
Result: Discourages agriculture, basis of Philippine wealth
Political life
Avoid and obstruct any understanding between the rulers and the rules
Result: To make themselves indispensable to the government
27. Contribution & Relevance of the Document in
Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History
28. Contribution & Relevance of the Document in
Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History
Exposed the abuses of the Friars
Showed the struggle of the secular priests for
representation in parishes
Opposed the teaching of the Spanish language to the
Indios
30. Relevance Of The Document
Shows that Filipinos weren’t always angry towards the
Spaniards.
A good example of what unison amongst citizens can
bring.
Allows people to look into the past and see how using
your rights can benefit a nation.
An important piece of history due to it being a prime
example of the Filipino’s many attempts to change the
way the Spaniards treated them.
31. References
Zaide, G. F. and Zaide, S. M. (1990). Documentary
Sources of Philippine History (Volume 7). Metro
Manila: National Book Store Inc.
Philippine-history.org. (2005). Gomburza and the
propaganda movement. Retrieved from
http://www.philippine-history.org/gomburza.htm
