ANTIBODY SHORT DEMO

1. antibody
IBRAR HUSSAIN
BS (hons) MLT
KMU

2. What is an antibody simple definition?
• Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are
large Y-shaped proteins.
• They are found in the blood or other body
fluids of vertebrates.

3. . Antibodies are the key element in the adaptive
immune system.
The antibody recognizes a unique part of the
foreign target called an antigen.

4. • An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin,
is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B- cells
and used by the immune system to identify and
neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and
viruses. ... Five isotypes of antibodies are found
in different locations and perform different
specific functions.

5. • Antibodies have three main functions:
• 1) Antibodies are secreted into the blood and
mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate
foreign substances such as pathogens and
toxins (neutralization).
• 2) Antibodies activate the complement
system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis
(punching holes in the cell wall).

6. • Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to
the immunoglobulin superfamily.
• They constitute most of the gamma
globulin fraction of the blood proteins.
• They are typically made of basic structural
units—each with two large heavy chains and
two small light chains.

7. Isotypes
• IgA Found in mucosal areas, such as
the gut, respiratory tract and urogenital tract,
and prevents colonization by pathogens.
Also found in saliva, tears, and breast m

8. • IgD Functions mainly as an antigen receptor on B
cells that have not been exposed to antigens.
• It has been shown to activate basophils and mast
cells to produce antimicrobial factors.
• IgE Binds to allergens and
triggers histamine release from mast
cells and basophils, and is involved in allergy.
• Also protects against parasitic worms

9. • IgG In its four forms, provides the majority of
antibody-based immunity against invading
pathogens.
• The only antibody capable of crossing
the placenta to give passive immunity to
the fetus

10. • IgM Expressed on the surface of B cells
(monomer) and in a secreted form (pentamer)
with very high avidity.
• Eliminates pathogens in the early stages of B
cell-mediated (humoral) immunity before
there is sufficient IgG

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