📌Free webinar on "Antimicrobial Resistance" Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat. Purpose: The urge behind this webinar is to aware about antimicrobial resistance because it leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.

1. ANTI
MICROBIAL
RESISTANCE
One of the top global public
health issue

2. Welcome
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Univeristy of Poonch Rawalakot
Aj&k
ASK Foundation Hosting
Department

3. Content
List
01 .
02 .
03 .
04 .
05 .
06 .
07 .
08 .
09 .
10 .
Antimicrobials
Antibiotics
Types of AMR
Antimicrobial Resistance
Contribution of Antibiotics
Factors
AMR and You
AMR and Pakistan
Reduction of AMR
Global Action Plan
11 . AMR a new Pandemic
12 . Infographics

4. What are
Antimicrobials?
Antimicrobials – includingantibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and
antiparasitics – are medicines used to prevent and treat
infections in humans, animals and plants.
Salvaersan/Asphenamine the first modern antimicrobial: in
1900s
Penicillin the first antibiotic by Alexander Fleming in WWII
01

5. What are Antibiotics
Antibiotics are critical tools for preventing and treating infections
caused by specific bacteria in people, animals, and crops. In health
care, antibiotics are one of our most powerful drugs for fighting life-
threatening bacterial infections.
02

6. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when
bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change
over time and no longer respond to medicines
making infections harder to treat and
increasing the risk of disease spread, severe
illness and death.
As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and
other antimicrobial medicines become
ineffective and infections become increasingly
difficult or impossible to treat.
Examples of bacteria that are resistant to
antibiotics include methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-
resistant.
What is antimicrobial
resistance?
03

7. Types of AMR
04
Natural Resistance
When an organism is naturally or
genetically resistant to antimicrobial agent
is called natural resistance.
Like Gram -ve bacteria are resistant to
Penicillin G.
Acquired Resistance
When an organism becomes resistant to
an antimicrobial agent to which it was
previously sensitive
Acquired resistance develops over a
period of time.

8. How can taking antibiotics
contribute to antimicrobial
resistance?
05
Anytime antibiotics are used, they can contribute to
antimicrobial resistance. This is because increases in
antimicrobial resistance are driven by a combination of
germs exposed to antibiotics, the spread of those
germs, and their mechanisms of resistance. When
antibiotics are needed, the benefits usually outweigh
the risks of antimicrobial resistance. However, too
many antibiotics are being used unnecessarily and
misused, which threatens the usefulness of these
important drugs.

9. Environmental Factors
Drug Related Factors
Patient related Factors
Physician Related Factors
Factors contributing
to AMR
06

10. Environmental Factors
6.1
Huge population and overcrowding
Increased Traveling
Poor Sanitation
Increased community acquired resistance
Ineffective infection control program
Increased national and international travel
Widespread use of antibiotics in animal
husbandry and agriculture

11. Drug Related Factors
6.2
Fake drugs
Quality of the drug
Soaring use of antibiotics
Over the counter availability of antibiotics
Irrational fixed dose combination of
antimicrobials

12. Patient Related Factors
6.3
Poor adherence of dosage Regimens
Poverty
Lack of sanitation concepts
Lack of education
Self medication
Misconception

13. Physician Related Factors
6.4
Inappropriate use of drugs
Increased empiric poly-microbial use
Overuse of antimicrobials
Inadequate Dosing
Lack of current knowledge and training.
More than half of the students agreed that AMR
is a major healthcare problem in Pakistan
(65.9%).

14. How does AMR
affect you?
07
AMR is a serious public health problem that could
affect your health. Antibiotics improve the safety of
many medical procedures and treat many common
bacterial infections. Without effective antibiotics
many bacterial infections could cause serious illness
or even death.
New global data showing 1.27 million deaths a year
reveal the urgent need to address antimicrobial
resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a critical
global health threat, affecting the human, animal,
and environmental health sectors.
HIV/AIDS and malaria have been estimated to have
caused 860,000 and 640,000 deaths, respectively,
in 2022

15. How AMR affecting
Pakistan?
08
A recent UN report warned that the threat of AMR can
be a global health crisis that could lead to 10 million
deaths every year by 2050. Pakistan is the sixth most
populous country in the world, which is expected to
rise to fourth place by 2050.
Increasing AMR complicates the management of
treatable infectious diseases such as malaria,
tuberculosis, acute RTIs, and diarrhoeal diseases. The
prevailing conditions in Pakistan have already led to
the emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms
along with the ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella typhi.
In 2018, there was an outbreak of extensively drug-
resistant typhoid in children in Sindh.

16. What you can do
09
01
Only use antibiotics
when prescribed by a
certified health
practitioner
02
Always take full
prescription even you
feel better
03
Never use leftover
antibiotics.

17. What you can do
09
04
Never share
antibiotics with
others.
05
Prevent infections by
regularly washing your
hand keeping vaccines
up to date.
06
The clinical lab should
attempt to identify the
pathogen, if not
known, and then
prescribe the
appropriate narrow-
spectrum antibiotic.

18. •The Global Action Plan has defined the following five strategic
objectives for containment of AMR:
•1. Improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial
resistance;
•2. Strengthen knowledge through surveillance and research;
•3. Reduce the incidence of infection;
•4. Optimize the use of antimicrobial agents; and
•5. Develop economic case for sustainable investment based
on country needs and increase investment in new vaccines,
diagnostics and other interventions.
Global Action Plan (GAP) on AMR
10

19. AMR a new hidden pandemic
11

20. Infographics
12

21. THAK YOU!
www.askfoundation.pk