This document discusses corruption and anti-corruption efforts. It notes that corruption hinders development and economic growth. It costs businesses extra costs of 10% or more to do business in corrupt areas. Anti-corruption efforts aim to end impunity and put corrupt officials in jail to deter future corruption. Prevention efforts include requiring officials to disclose sources of wealth, and punishing those who provide false statements about assets.

1. Mewada Neel RajeshBhai
ANTI CORRUPTION

2. Anti corruption
Corruption is now recognized to be one of the world's greatest
challenges. It is a major hindrance to sustainable development, with a
disproportionate impact on poor communities and is corrosive on the
very fabric of society. The impact on the private sector is also
considerable - it impedes economic growth, distorts competition and
represents serious legal and reputational risks. Corruption is also very
costly for business, with the extra financial burden estimated to add 10%
or more to the costs of doing business in many parts of the world. The
World Bank has stated that "bribery has become a $1 trillion industry.

3. Anti corruption
Carlos said the death of Reyes may not result in a complete
change in the financial management system of the Armed Forces, which she
believes is riddled with too much corruption that it is almost entrenched into
the culture of the institution.
However, military officers who are corrupt may now think twice
before conniving with other officers to pocket public funds, she said.
“Ang corruption napakalalim ng ugat, both institutional and
behavioral. Iyung mga gumagawa ng katiwalian, matatakot na sila na mag-
depend sa mga akala nilang loyal sa kanila,” she said, citing the revelations
made by former military budget officer George Rabusa against Reyes.
“Si Rabusa, kumpare pa nga niya iyon."
Rabusa testified before the Senate that Reyes took P50 million
pesos from the AFP funds as "pabaon" when he retired as Armed Forces
chief of staff in 2001.
Carlos said that for corruption to end, the government must be able
to put one corrupt official behind bars. "Dapat talaga may ma-preso, dapat
may magbayad, kaya paulit-ulit ang korupsyon, wala kasing nagbabayad."

4. Causes of Anti corruption
Corruption drastically reduces tax revenues, forcing
governments to find other avenues for financing government expenditure,
including borrowing. It reduces future fiscal flexibility because servicing
of debt has to be given priority over other expenditures. This creates a
vicious circle endangering fiscal sustainability. Collusion between corrupt
taxpayers and corrupt tax officials puts honest taxpayers at a
disadvantage, encouraging them to evade taxes. If they do not, their profit
margins become low, especially for small businesses.

5. Top ten corrupting countries
 Haiti.
 Myanmar.
 Iraq.
 Guinea.
 Sudan.
 Democratic republic of Congo.
 Chad.
 Bangladesh.
 Uzbekistan.
 Equatorial Guinea.

6. Reasons for doing corruption
Corruption is often attributed to the low
salaries of civil servants. This differentiates between
need driven corruption and greed driven corruption.
It may be true that it is more difficult to
stay honest, hard-working and trustworthy on a low
salary, but it is also true that most people with low
salaries are still able to do so and that many corrupt
officials are people in high, responsible
positions, earning good salaries.

7. Profit of the people who do corruption
A general outline of the law which we now have
to combat corruption looks something like this. When a
bribe of any kind is paid to a politician or a government
employee in exchange for influencing any government
decision, the common law crime of bribery is committed
by those who give bribes and those who accept them. The
common law offense of extortion is committed by
politicians and other public officials who demand
payment of any kind in exchange for securing a specific
outcome in any government related matter. Our penal
code also criminalises both fraud and breach of trust by
public officials, and our less than perfect Anti-Corruption
Law also makes certain corrupt acts criminal offenses.

8. Prevention of corruption
 (1) When the Provincial Government on receipt of information and
after making such enquiries as it may deem necessary, is satisfied that
there is reason to believe that any public servant or any other person on his
behalf is in possession of pecuniary resources or property disproportionate
to the known sources of income of such public servant it may, by order
require such public servant or other person to furnish in the prescribed
manner and within the prescribed time a statement of his property and
liabilities and such information relating thereto as may be required by the
order.
 (2) If such public servant or person—
(a) upon being so required by an order under sub-section (1) fails to
furnish the statement or information or furnishes a statement or
information which he knows or has reasonable cause to believe to be false
or not true in any material particular, or
(b) makes in any book, account, record, declaration, return or other
document, which he is required by an order under sub-section (1) to
furnish, any statement which he knows or has reasonable cause to believe
to be false or not true in any material particular,