2. Introduction
In this research, an anti collision detection system is
developed and implemented for a train.
To develop the anti collision detection system, the
original throttle system and braking system of the train
have to be modified.
The original throttle valve which is controlled by a cable
from the accelerator pedal is modified to the drive-by-
wire system by using a dc motor with a position control
algorithm.
Anti Collision Detection system has been developed to
assist the driver for driving in long distance on railway
lines.
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3. At congested traffic, the conventional cruise control
system becomes less useful.
Anti Collision Detection system is developed to cope up
with this situation.
The conventional cruise control has one mode of
control, velocity control.
On the other hand, Anti Collision Detection system has
two modes of control, velocity and distance control.
Anti Collision Detection system assists driver in the
congested traffic by acting as a longitudinal control pilot.
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4. Literature survey
Current Technologies used/ proposed to prevent
collision:
◦ The Anti-Collision Device (ACD) is a self-acting
microprocessor-based data communication device designed
and developed by Konkan Railway [5].
◦ The system consists of Loco ACD with a console (message
display) for the driver (in each Loco Engine), Guard ACD with
remote (fitted in Guard Van), Station ACD with console (fitted
in Station Masters' Cabin), Manned and Unmanned Gates
ACD with hooters and flashers (in each location) and Repeater
ACDs (fitted at locations having obstructions in radio
communication such as hilly areas) which work in concert to
prevent the following kinds of collisions and accidents like-
Head on collisions ,Rear end collisions ,Collisions due to
derailment, Collisions at the level crossing gates.
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9. Block diagram description
A measurement is initiated via the send button. When first
depressed the 40kHz pulse is sent out through the transmitter.
After the LPC2148 has completed the transmission pulse the
receiver stage is entered.
The receiver stage waits a certain amount of time before
checking for signal reception.
The receiver stage of the code waits for a specified amount of
time based on the mask value.
This wait period is to ensure that the receiver does not
register the transmission signal as the return signal and also
to ignore the return signal bounced back from small
obstructions that are between the device and the object that a
measurement is being made to.
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10. If the mask is set to zero then the minimum default wait
period is performed. This period of time is the time it takes
for the transmitted signal to travel 1 ft and to return.
Given the speed of sound, 1125 ft/s, and an actual distance
of 2 ft this wait time is approximately 1.8ms. If the mask is
greater than 0 then the wait period is the time that it takes for
sound to travel 2 meters times the mask.
This serves to make the mask value the
approximate distance in meters below which a return signal
will be ignored. This time period is approximately 5.8ms.
After the wait period has elapsed the LPC2148 clears any
interrupt flags and begins looking for an interrupt triggered by
the reception of the signal.
The LPC2148 goes through a loop checking for the return
signal and if it is not detected then a counter is incremented.
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11. This loop is repeated until either the counter is full or the
signal is received. If the counter becomes full then the value
of 0 meters is displayed.
Otherwise the calculation phase is entered.
Anti Collision Detection system automatically adjusts train’s
speed and distance to a preceding train, thus enhancing
driver comfort and safety.
Previous studies have shown that Anti Collision Detection
system induces positive behavioral adaptation by drawing
consistency in driving speed and headway-time regardless
of driving styles.
However, the studies have also shown that the drivers'
reliance on the system induced negative adaptation
including reduced lane keeping ability and reduced attention
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13. Software Design
Switch on the power supply of transmitter section.
Switch on the power supply of receiving section.
Move the train forward, reverse, right , left. By using switches which are given on
the transmitter section.
We get notification of the transmitted signal on the on the receiver end by glowing
LED.
When the obstacle is detected, he sensed signals are given to the microcontroller
as an interrupt INT0 & INT1 on port 3 as the signals receive.
The distance between two trains i.e, obstacle is displayed on the LCD .
As the distance between two trains decreases, at that time led will glow and buzzer
will give the indication that distance is low.
If the distance is very low than that of the predefined value (15ft) train speed will
decrease slowly before collision to the obstacle.
In our system, we are using DC motors so that h-bridge IC we are using it encode
and decode the signal when obstacle is detected signals are given to the DC
motors are cut by h-bridge ic and buzzer will on .
Hence, we get the notification that obstacle is detected.
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14. Advantages
Free from wear adjustment.
Reduce the manual work
Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.
Installation is simplified very much
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17. Conclusion
This study investigated the effect of negative
behavioral adaptation to Anti Collision Detection
using a full-scale driving simulator.
We used the driving simulator to create virtual Anti
Collision Detection failure situations and measured
drivers‘ reaction time, magnitude of brake and
steering input, and distance between trains, to
investigate the effect of behavioral adaptation on
drivers' driving and control ability.
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18. References
[1] Indian railway vision 020.Government of India, Ministry of Railway, (Railway Board)
December 2009.
[2] A concept for reducing railway accidents. H Ben Brown, Jr. Gregg Podnar, Mel
Siegel, February, 2005.
[3] “Safety as Key Business Theme! -Indian Railways Perspective”, P. C. Sharma &
Amitabh, International Railway Safety Conference, 2004, Perth, Australia.White Paper-
Safety on Indian Railways, April 2003, Govt. of India, Ministry of Railways.
[4] Indian Railways Corporate Safety Plan (2003-13), August 2003, Govt. of India,
Ministry of Railways.
[5] Channel model for train to train communication using the 400 MHZ band Christina
rico Garcia, Andréa Lehner, institute of communication and navigation 82230Wessling
Germany
[6] Railway crossing collision avoidance system. Shirley et al. - September, 2001
[7] Wireless Communication for Signaling in Mass Transit Larcenous, Regis, Siemens
Transportation Systems, 26 Sept, 2003. This presentation describes Siemens efforts
to develop advanced data radio systems for RATP and NYCT.
[8] Quantification of the business benefits of positive train control Prepared for the
Federal Railroad Administration, Revised March 15, 2004.
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