This document summarizes research on the anti-carcinogenic effects of lemon and lemon products. It discusses how lemon contains many beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals like limonoids, flavonoids, vitamin C, and essential oils that have shown anti-cancer activity. Studies indicate that intake of lemon and its extracts/oils is linked to reduced cancer risk by inhibiting tumor cell growth and inducing cancer cell death. The review summarizes the major anti-cancer components in lemon and the molecular mechanisms by which they exert anti-carcinogenic effects, suggesting further research is needed to better understand how to utilize lemon peel, oil, and extracts for cancer therapy.
Biodiversity and conservation of map By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses the importance of plant diversity and biodiversity conservation. It notes that plants are essential to life on Earth by providing oxygen, food, medicine and more. Millions of people rely on wild plants for their livelihoods. The document also discusses how plant diversity underpins ecosystems and provides habitat for other species. It mentions that many plant species and communities are threatened by factors like climate change, habitat loss, and overexploitation. The global strategy for plant conservation aims to halt the loss of plant diversity and support human well-being through plant conservation efforts.
Ensuring a clean and healthy environment through effective environmental management will provide significant benefits to human health and society. Poor air quality, chemical exposure, water pollution, ecosystem degradation, climate change, and ozone depletion all pose threats to human well-being. Reducing air pollution, practicing sound chemical and waste management, improving access to clean water, sustainably managing land and forests, addressing climate change, and protecting the ozone layer can help prevent millions of deaths and illnesses annually related to environmental hazards. Integrated solutions across sectors will be needed to protect human health and promote sustainable development.
This document provides a summary of key topics in environmental science and engineering across 5 units:
[1] Environment, Ecosystems and Biodiversity including definitions of food chains, producers/consumers, genetic/species diversity, biomes, desert ecosystems, estuaries, bio-geographical classification of India, primary/secondary succession, endangered/endemic species, and human impacts on biodiversity.
[2] Environmental Pollution covering air, water, soil, noise, solid waste, hazardous waste, floods, and water quality indicators.
[3] Natural Resources such as renewable/non-renewable resources, deforestation effects, soil issues, overgrazing, and environmental impact
Term paper on food terrorism 25th November 2015 (1)Uzoamaka Dike
This document discusses food terrorism and preparedness against it. It defines food terrorism as deliberate contamination of food to cause harm. Food is an effective tool for terrorism due to its accessibility, distribution, and ability to conceal agents. The US and Canada have prepared countermeasures including categorizing pathogens by risk and developing response plans. The impacts of a food terrorism attack could include disease, economic damage, strain on public health systems, and social/political implications.
Anticancer phytochemicals of citrus fruits newariningrat
This document summarizes research on phytochemicals in citrus fruits that have potential anticancer properties. It discusses several classes of compounds found in citrus, including limonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, vitamins, coumarins, and fatty acids. Studies have found that many of these individual compounds in citrus demonstrate anticancer effects in cell and animal studies, and citrus consumption is associated with reduced cancer risk in epidemiological studies. The review covers research on the anticancer mechanisms and activities of phytochemicals in citrus fruits.
Bioactive compounds of citrus as health promotersAmílcar Duarte
This document summarizes the key bioactive compounds found in citrus fruits, with a focus on ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It discusses the chemistry and biological properties of ascorbic acid, noting that citrus fruits are particularly rich in vitamin C. The content of ascorbic acid varies between citrus species and cultivars, with oranges and clementines generally having the highest amounts. The rind contains more vitamin C than the pulp. Ascorbic acid levels also depend on fruit development and rootstock selection. Other bioactive compounds in citrus like carotenoids and flavonoids are briefly mentioned.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CANCER ON 2020- REVIEW Tamizhazhagan, Pugazh...Earthjournal Publisher
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CANCER ON 2020- REVIEW
Tamizhazhagan, Pugazhendy, Sakthidasan, Jayanthi, Ki-Hyun Kim
IRO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018, 1(1):24-30.
Biodiversity and conservation of map By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses the importance of plant diversity and biodiversity conservation. It notes that plants are essential to life on Earth by providing oxygen, food, medicine and more. Millions of people rely on wild plants for their livelihoods. The document also discusses how plant diversity underpins ecosystems and provides habitat for other species. It mentions that many plant species and communities are threatened by factors like climate change, habitat loss, and overexploitation. The global strategy for plant conservation aims to halt the loss of plant diversity and support human well-being through plant conservation efforts.
Ensuring a clean and healthy environment through effective environmental management will provide significant benefits to human health and society. Poor air quality, chemical exposure, water pollution, ecosystem degradation, climate change, and ozone depletion all pose threats to human well-being. Reducing air pollution, practicing sound chemical and waste management, improving access to clean water, sustainably managing land and forests, addressing climate change, and protecting the ozone layer can help prevent millions of deaths and illnesses annually related to environmental hazards. Integrated solutions across sectors will be needed to protect human health and promote sustainable development.
This document provides a summary of key topics in environmental science and engineering across 5 units:
[1] Environment, Ecosystems and Biodiversity including definitions of food chains, producers/consumers, genetic/species diversity, biomes, desert ecosystems, estuaries, bio-geographical classification of India, primary/secondary succession, endangered/endemic species, and human impacts on biodiversity.
[2] Environmental Pollution covering air, water, soil, noise, solid waste, hazardous waste, floods, and water quality indicators.
[3] Natural Resources such as renewable/non-renewable resources, deforestation effects, soil issues, overgrazing, and environmental impact
Term paper on food terrorism 25th November 2015 (1)Uzoamaka Dike
This document discusses food terrorism and preparedness against it. It defines food terrorism as deliberate contamination of food to cause harm. Food is an effective tool for terrorism due to its accessibility, distribution, and ability to conceal agents. The US and Canada have prepared countermeasures including categorizing pathogens by risk and developing response plans. The impacts of a food terrorism attack could include disease, economic damage, strain on public health systems, and social/political implications.
Anticancer phytochemicals of citrus fruits newariningrat
This document summarizes research on phytochemicals in citrus fruits that have potential anticancer properties. It discusses several classes of compounds found in citrus, including limonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, vitamins, coumarins, and fatty acids. Studies have found that many of these individual compounds in citrus demonstrate anticancer effects in cell and animal studies, and citrus consumption is associated with reduced cancer risk in epidemiological studies. The review covers research on the anticancer mechanisms and activities of phytochemicals in citrus fruits.
Bioactive compounds of citrus as health promotersAmílcar Duarte
This document summarizes the key bioactive compounds found in citrus fruits, with a focus on ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It discusses the chemistry and biological properties of ascorbic acid, noting that citrus fruits are particularly rich in vitamin C. The content of ascorbic acid varies between citrus species and cultivars, with oranges and clementines generally having the highest amounts. The rind contains more vitamin C than the pulp. Ascorbic acid levels also depend on fruit development and rootstock selection. Other bioactive compounds in citrus like carotenoids and flavonoids are briefly mentioned.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CANCER ON 2020- REVIEW Tamizhazhagan, Pugazh...Earthjournal Publisher
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BURDEN OF CANCER ON 2020- REVIEW
Tamizhazhagan, Pugazhendy, Sakthidasan, Jayanthi, Ki-Hyun Kim
IRO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018, 1(1):24-30.
Crimson Publishers-Medicinal Herbs, Strong Source of Antioxidant in Aquacultu...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
This document summarizes the antioxidant properties of medicinal herbs and their potential applications in aquaculture. It discusses how oxidative stress can damage cells and how herbs contain antioxidants like carotenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols that can protect against this damage. Some herbs and their main antioxidants are described, including their roles in reducing lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and stimulating immune function in fish. The document concludes that medicinal herbs represent a promising resource for aquaculture as anti-stress remedies and growth promoters due to their bioactive antioxidant compounds, and that further research is needed to better understand their applications for aquatic animal health and production.
International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
This study investigated the effects of consuming Andean Berry Juice (ABJ) for 14 days on plasma antioxidant capacity and inflammatory biomarkers in 19 healthy adults with dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer. The results showed that after ABJ consumption, plasma antioxidant capacity significantly increased and levels of the lipid peroxidation marker isoprostane and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 significantly decreased. Total phenol content in plasma decreased slightly after juice intake. The study suggests that daily intake of ABJ can improve antioxidant status and reduce inflammation associated with colorectal carcinogenesis in individuals with dietary risk factors.
External agents like carcinogens, pollutants, ionizing radiations produce oxidative stress in living cells generating reactive oxygen
species [ROS]. Cells have built in defense against these reactive species and keep a balance between generated ROS and their
neutralization by endogenous antioxidants [AO]. In addition, many antioxidants present in our diets react with the ROS and make
them inactive. The maintenance of balance is a continuous process inside cells to keep them functioning normally. When
generation of ROS exceeds the level of endogenous and externally added AOs , cells are driven to pathogenic state leading to
diseases. A variety of dietary AOs are available from various sources of fruits and vegetables. This paper aims to review the
molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, generation and reactions of ROS with vital molecules such as DNA, Protein and
membrane and involvement of ROS in the induction of cancer and other diseases. An attempt is made to suggest ways to reduce
cancer incidence risks , need to modify dietary foods by consuming vegetables, fruits for chemo prevention. An example has been
given to emphasize the role of curcumin as an antioxidant in the mechanism of chemoprevention.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Carcinogens, ROS, Antioxidants, Chemoprevention.
Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africaAkinbobola Akinwemoye
This is a seminar report on the Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africa. Get my contact on http://www.livestocking.com/p/contact-us.html to get a copy of this.
This document reviews the role of antioxidants in reducing stress. It discusses several antioxidants including beta-carotene, lycopene, retinoids, ascorbate, tocopherol, polyphenols, and curcumin. It explains how each antioxidant functions as a free radical scavenger to reduce oxidative stress in the body. The document concludes that while more research is still needed, antioxidants appear to provide significant health benefits by protecting against oxidative damage and play a role in preventing various diseases.
Plant pigments that are responsible for their yellow, bright red, and orange color are carotenoids that play a key role in plant health. Therefore, consumption of foods that have carotenoids provide various health benefits to the human body. Different vegetables and fruits in which carotenoids are present yams, carrots, sweet potatoes, watermelon, papaya, cantaloupe, spinach, mangos, kale, tomatoes, oranges, bell peppers, etc. There are over 600 known carotenoids in nature, found in plant cells, bacteria, and algae, and that belongs to a class of phytonutrients “plant chemicals” . Xanthophyll is the molecules known as hydrocarbons and found in orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, for example, pumpkin, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, apricots and carrots. Association of word carrot with carotene will certainly relate the color of these pigments. Later class is oxygen containing molecules, found in dark leafy greens such as kale, spinach, and broccoli.Plant pigments, a generic term used to designate a large number of colored molecules, can be classified into tetrapyrroles e.g., chlorophyll and carotenoids e.g., ß carotene and xanthophyll . Of the pigments, carotenoids are fat soluble lipophilic natural pigments which are synthesized by plants and some microbes. These pigments not only play a key role in photosynthesis but are also responsible for the bright colors of various plants, fruits, flowers, and vegetables. Sheikh Ayyan Ahad "Plant Pigments as Drugs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52160.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/52160/plant-pigments-as-drugs/sheikh-ayyan-ahad
Pharmacological Applications of Isorhamnetin: A Short Reviewijtsrd
Isorhamnetin (30-Methoxy-3, 40, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonol, and it belongs to a group of plant secondary metabolites known as flavonoids. It is present in mans daily diet and is known for its biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Isorhamnetin has been reported for its antioxidant and antiviral applications hence it is not only used as such, but it also has various derivatized forms which has potentials for development into drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and lethal viruses. The present review reflects the pharmacological importance of isorhamnetin. S Kandakumar | Dr V Manju"Pharmacological Applications of Isorhamnetin: A Short Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2202.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/2202/pharmacological-applications-of-isorhamnetin-a-short-review/s-kandakumar
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2-Aminothiazoles Appended 5-me...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Abstract: A highly efficient and milder protocol for the syntheses of novel series of 2-aminothiazoles
bearing 5-methylisoxazoline and pyridine-piperazine hybrid molecules has been developed. The target
compounds 13a-e were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against various tumor cell lines
including MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), Jurkat (human Tcell
leukemia) and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia). The bioactive assay showed most of the
new compounds exhibited promising results in comparison with the parental Sunitinib. The synthesized
compounds could well be used in the future as lead anticancer drugs in drug development studies. The
synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and
mass spectral data.
This document discusses the role of nutraceuticals in promoting human health. It defines nutraceuticals as food or food components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Some key nutraceuticals discussed are dietary fiber, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, and herbal foods. The document explores how these nutraceuticals can help combat major health issues like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. It provides examples of specific nutraceuticals and their mechanisms of action for different diseases.
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
This study investigated the effects of spinach extracts obtained through different extraction methods and individual phytochemicals on human colorectal cancer cells. Spinach extracts increased reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner and modulated antioxidant defenses when cells were exposed to oxidative stress, with effects varying by extraction method and oxidizing agent. Individual phytochemicals did not alter reactive oxygen species levels but modulated antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress. The phytocomplex extracts seemed to have greater protective effects than individual phytochemicals alone or in combination.
Potential plants molecule in cancer disease. The document discusses several herbal plants that show anticancer activity, including their mechanisms of action. It summarizes that Camptotheca acuminata contains camptothecin which inhibits topoisomerase I and DNA replication. Podophyllum contains podophyllotoxin and related compounds that inhibit topoisomerase II. Periwinkle contains alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine which prevent microtubule assembly. Taxus brevifolia contains taxol and related compounds that stabilize microtubules. Curcuma longa contains curcumin which has anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. Many herbal compounds show promise for cancer treatment but developing safe, economic anticancer drugs remains a
This document reviews medicinal plants with anticancer activity. It discusses several plants traditionally used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine to treat cancer, including Allium sativum (garlic), Annona muricata, Bidens pilosa, Cannabis sativa, Daphne mezereum, Gossypium hirsutum, Andrographis paniculata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Cynodon dactylon, Drosera indica, Salacia fruticosa, and Vitex pinnata. For each plant, one or two active compounds believed to have anticancer properties are described. The document concludes that medicinal plants have played an important
Nutraceutical is the hybrid of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’. Nutraceuticals, in broad, are food or part of food playing a significant role in modifying and maintaining normal physiological function that maintains healthy human beings.
This document summarizes the classification, properties, and applications of natural flavonoids and their analogues. It discusses how flavonoids can be divided into several classes including flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins based on their chemical structures. It provides examples of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and other beneficial biological effects of various flavonoid classes. The document also outlines several potential applications of flavonoids in areas like agriculture, skin protection, medicine, and industrial uses.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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This document summarizes the antioxidant properties of medicinal herbs and their potential applications in aquaculture. It discusses how oxidative stress can damage cells and how herbs contain antioxidants like carotenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols that can protect against this damage. Some herbs and their main antioxidants are described, including their roles in reducing lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and stimulating immune function in fish. The document concludes that medicinal herbs represent a promising resource for aquaculture as anti-stress remedies and growth promoters due to their bioactive antioxidant compounds, and that further research is needed to better understand their applications for aquatic animal health and production.
International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus A Reviewijtsrd
Citrallus lanatus watermelon is a popularly studied fruit crop for its various medicinal application because of the presence of many bioactive compounds. The different parts of the plant especially the fruit pulp and seeds are reported to have many applications based on its antioxidant, anti plasmodial, anti inflammatory, antisecretory, antidiabetic properties. The antimicrobial aspects of different parts of Citrallus lanatus including the seeds, fruit pulp, rind and leaves are discussed in this study. The effectiveness of rind extract as antibacterial and anti fungal agent is of great potential since it is considered as a waste material after watermelon processing in industries. The present review aims to compile the antimicrobial action and the targeted microorganism so that the data can be used to stimulate further scientific research. Sruthi Menon "Antimicrobial Properties of Different Parts of Citrallus Lanatus - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30818.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/30818/antimicrobial-properties-of-different-parts-of-citrallus-lanatus--a-review/sruthi-menon
This study investigated the effects of consuming Andean Berry Juice (ABJ) for 14 days on plasma antioxidant capacity and inflammatory biomarkers in 19 healthy adults with dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer. The results showed that after ABJ consumption, plasma antioxidant capacity significantly increased and levels of the lipid peroxidation marker isoprostane and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 significantly decreased. Total phenol content in plasma decreased slightly after juice intake. The study suggests that daily intake of ABJ can improve antioxidant status and reduce inflammation associated with colorectal carcinogenesis in individuals with dietary risk factors.
External agents like carcinogens, pollutants, ionizing radiations produce oxidative stress in living cells generating reactive oxygen
species [ROS]. Cells have built in defense against these reactive species and keep a balance between generated ROS and their
neutralization by endogenous antioxidants [AO]. In addition, many antioxidants present in our diets react with the ROS and make
them inactive. The maintenance of balance is a continuous process inside cells to keep them functioning normally. When
generation of ROS exceeds the level of endogenous and externally added AOs , cells are driven to pathogenic state leading to
diseases. A variety of dietary AOs are available from various sources of fruits and vegetables. This paper aims to review the
molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, generation and reactions of ROS with vital molecules such as DNA, Protein and
membrane and involvement of ROS in the induction of cancer and other diseases. An attempt is made to suggest ways to reduce
cancer incidence risks , need to modify dietary foods by consuming vegetables, fruits for chemo prevention. An example has been
given to emphasize the role of curcumin as an antioxidant in the mechanism of chemoprevention.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Carcinogens, ROS, Antioxidants, Chemoprevention.
Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africaAkinbobola Akinwemoye
This is a seminar report on the Antioxidant properties of some leafy and non leafy vegetables in west africa. Get my contact on http://www.livestocking.com/p/contact-us.html to get a copy of this.
This document reviews the role of antioxidants in reducing stress. It discusses several antioxidants including beta-carotene, lycopene, retinoids, ascorbate, tocopherol, polyphenols, and curcumin. It explains how each antioxidant functions as a free radical scavenger to reduce oxidative stress in the body. The document concludes that while more research is still needed, antioxidants appear to provide significant health benefits by protecting against oxidative damage and play a role in preventing various diseases.
Plant pigments that are responsible for their yellow, bright red, and orange color are carotenoids that play a key role in plant health. Therefore, consumption of foods that have carotenoids provide various health benefits to the human body. Different vegetables and fruits in which carotenoids are present yams, carrots, sweet potatoes, watermelon, papaya, cantaloupe, spinach, mangos, kale, tomatoes, oranges, bell peppers, etc. There are over 600 known carotenoids in nature, found in plant cells, bacteria, and algae, and that belongs to a class of phytonutrients “plant chemicals” . Xanthophyll is the molecules known as hydrocarbons and found in orange and yellow fruits and vegetables, for example, pumpkin, cantaloupe, sweet potatoes, apricots and carrots. Association of word carrot with carotene will certainly relate the color of these pigments. Later class is oxygen containing molecules, found in dark leafy greens such as kale, spinach, and broccoli.Plant pigments, a generic term used to designate a large number of colored molecules, can be classified into tetrapyrroles e.g., chlorophyll and carotenoids e.g., ß carotene and xanthophyll . Of the pigments, carotenoids are fat soluble lipophilic natural pigments which are synthesized by plants and some microbes. These pigments not only play a key role in photosynthesis but are also responsible for the bright colors of various plants, fruits, flowers, and vegetables. Sheikh Ayyan Ahad "Plant Pigments as Drugs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52160.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/52160/plant-pigments-as-drugs/sheikh-ayyan-ahad
Pharmacological Applications of Isorhamnetin: A Short Reviewijtsrd
Isorhamnetin (30-Methoxy-3, 40, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonol, and it belongs to a group of plant secondary metabolites known as flavonoids. It is present in mans daily diet and is known for its biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Isorhamnetin has been reported for its antioxidant and antiviral applications hence it is not only used as such, but it also has various derivatized forms which has potentials for development into drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and lethal viruses. The present review reflects the pharmacological importance of isorhamnetin. S Kandakumar | Dr V Manju"Pharmacological Applications of Isorhamnetin: A Short Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2202.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/2202/pharmacological-applications-of-isorhamnetin-a-short-review/s-kandakumar
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2-Aminothiazoles Appended 5-me...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Abstract: A highly efficient and milder protocol for the syntheses of novel series of 2-aminothiazoles
bearing 5-methylisoxazoline and pyridine-piperazine hybrid molecules has been developed. The target
compounds 13a-e were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against various tumor cell lines
including MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), Jurkat (human Tcell
leukemia) and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia). The bioactive assay showed most of the
new compounds exhibited promising results in comparison with the parental Sunitinib. The synthesized
compounds could well be used in the future as lead anticancer drugs in drug development studies. The
synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and
mass spectral data.
This document discusses the role of nutraceuticals in promoting human health. It defines nutraceuticals as food or food components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Some key nutraceuticals discussed are dietary fiber, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, and herbal foods. The document explores how these nutraceuticals can help combat major health issues like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. It provides examples of specific nutraceuticals and their mechanisms of action for different diseases.
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
This study investigated the effects of spinach extracts obtained through different extraction methods and individual phytochemicals on human colorectal cancer cells. Spinach extracts increased reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner and modulated antioxidant defenses when cells were exposed to oxidative stress, with effects varying by extraction method and oxidizing agent. Individual phytochemicals did not alter reactive oxygen species levels but modulated antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress. The phytocomplex extracts seemed to have greater protective effects than individual phytochemicals alone or in combination.
Potential plants molecule in cancer disease. The document discusses several herbal plants that show anticancer activity, including their mechanisms of action. It summarizes that Camptotheca acuminata contains camptothecin which inhibits topoisomerase I and DNA replication. Podophyllum contains podophyllotoxin and related compounds that inhibit topoisomerase II. Periwinkle contains alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine which prevent microtubule assembly. Taxus brevifolia contains taxol and related compounds that stabilize microtubules. Curcuma longa contains curcumin which has anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. Many herbal compounds show promise for cancer treatment but developing safe, economic anticancer drugs remains a
This document reviews medicinal plants with anticancer activity. It discusses several plants traditionally used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine to treat cancer, including Allium sativum (garlic), Annona muricata, Bidens pilosa, Cannabis sativa, Daphne mezereum, Gossypium hirsutum, Andrographis paniculata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Cynodon dactylon, Drosera indica, Salacia fruticosa, and Vitex pinnata. For each plant, one or two active compounds believed to have anticancer properties are described. The document concludes that medicinal plants have played an important
Nutraceutical is the hybrid of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’. Nutraceuticals, in broad, are food or part of food playing a significant role in modifying and maintaining normal physiological function that maintains healthy human beings.
This document summarizes the classification, properties, and applications of natural flavonoids and their analogues. It discusses how flavonoids can be divided into several classes including flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins based on their chemical structures. It provides examples of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and other beneficial biological effects of various flavonoid classes. The document also outlines several potential applications of flavonoids in areas like agriculture, skin protection, medicine, and industrial uses.
Similar to Anti Carcinogenic Effect of Lemon and Lemon Products in Cancer Therapy A Summary of the Evidence (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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characteristic of this classofcompoundisa substitutedfuran
moiety. It has been determined by animal studies that citrus
limonoids and derivatives have certain biological activities
that may be used as chemo preventiveagentsforcancer.[14]
[15].
Figure 1: Chemical structure of (a) limonin and (b)
nomilin, the major bioactive limonoids.
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a major detoxifying
enzyme system that catalyzes the conjugation ofglutathione
with electrophiles that induce activated carcinogens. The
glutathione conjugates are usually less reactive and more
water-soluble, and hence, facilitate excretion. A rise in GST
activity caused by a substance is, therefore, an elevation in
the mechanism that protects against the noxious effects of
xenobiotics, including carcinogens. It has been discovered
that many chemicals that are GST enhancers inhibit
chemically induced carcinogenesis [15] [16].
B. Flavonoids
Flavonoid structure is based on a 2-phenyl-benzo[a]pyrane
or flavane nucleus. This nucleus is defined by having a
system of two benzene rings (A and B), which are connected
by an oxygen-containing pyrane ring (C). The flavonoids
(including compounds such as flavones, isoflavones,
flavonols and flavanes) are a group of low molecular weight
polyphenolic compounds that are widely distributed in
plants oxidative processes contributing to immediate tissue
damage that occurs during heart attack or stroke (Figure 2)
[17] [18] [19].
Figure 2: Chemical structures of sub-classes of
flavonoids.
C. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin C is an important water-solubleantioxidant(Figure-
3) in biological fluids. It promptly scavenges reactive
nitrogen and oxygen species, for example, hydroperoxyl
radicals, superoxide, singlet oxygen, aqueous peroxyl
radicals, peroxynitrite, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, nitroxide
radicals, and hydrochlorous acid, thereby essentially
protecting other biomolecules from oxidative damage.
Vitamin C can also behaveasa coantioxidant byregenerating
α-tocopherol (vitamin E) from the α-tocopheroxyl radical
generated via scavenging of lipid-soluble radicals. This is a
potentially important significant because in vitro
experiments have shown that α-tocopherol can behave as a
pro-oxidant in the absence of co-antioxidants such as
vitamin C [20] [21] [22] [14] [15] [16].
Figure 3: Chemical structure of ascorbic acid
(antioxidant).
Vitamin C may protect against cancer through several
mechanisms, in addition to inhibiting DNA oxidation. One
potential mechanism is chemoprotection against mutagenic
compounds such as nitrosamines, which can be formed by
the reaction of nitrite or nitrate (common in food and
cigarette smoke) with amines and amides.26,27 Vitamin C
prevents the reaction ofnitriteswithaminesandamidesthat
form potent carcinogenic nitrosamines within the digestive
tract and prevents oxidation of specific chemicals to their
active carcinogenic forms [18] [19] [23].
D. Essential oils
Citrus (lemon) essential oil comes from the fruits and leaves
of various citrus species. It may be eithersteamprocessed or
cold-pressed to produce the essential oil. Fruits and
vegetables contain an abundance of terpenoids, phenolic
substances and different natural anti-oxidants that are
associated with protection from and treatment of chronic
diseases like cancer and disorder. It has been shown that
terpenoids in the category of citrus compounds are useful in
maintaining and improving health, including several
subclassessuchasmonoterpenesterpene,carvone,myrcene,
and carveol), sesquiterpenes β-cubebene, β-elemene, β-
caryophyllene,π-cadinene,diterpenesretinoids,oleanicacid,
and ursolic acid). These subclasses have a range of action
mechanisms that influence oxidative stress, carcinogenesis,
and cardiovascular diseases, among others [24].
E. Coumarins
Coumarins possess anti-carcinogenic activities partially by
inducing carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. By causing
carcinogenic detoxifying enzymes, naturally occurring
coumarins have anti-carcinogenic operations in part. Citrus
peels comprise a range of coumarins that possess
mevalonate derived side chains with numerous oxidation
levels. Citrus peels contain a variety of coumarins that
possess mevalonate derived side chains with numerous
oxidation levels. Researchers have demonstrated thatorally
administered citrus coumarin, limettin, imperatorin and
isopimpinellin blocked 7, 12-dimethylbenz anthracene
DMBA) DNA adduct formation in mouse mammary glands
(Prince, et al., 2006). Interestingly, citrus oils, specifically,
contain extensive amounts of both simple as well as
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furanocoumarins. threeknowncitruscoumarinsparticularly
bergamottin, oxypeucedanin and 5-[6́, 7́-dihydroxy-3́, 7́-
dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy] psoralen, have been isolated from
Citrus hystrix DC as inhibitors of both lipopolysaccharide
LPS) and interferon- IFN-γ)-induced nitric oxide NO)
generation in RAW 264.7 cells. Consequently,suppression of
the iNOS-induced NO generation in excess amounts is
currently accepted wide as a new paradigm for the
chemoprevention of cancer [25].
Figure 4: Chemical structure of coumarins
F. Citrus fatty acids
Citrus fruits (lemon) are well-known to be an abundant
resource of compounds that might help prevent lifestyle-
related diseases like diabetes, high pressure, and cancer.
Many fatty acids were reported from the seed and peel of
citrus species [26]. Antioxidant activity of the citrus extract
is additionally assessed by measuring free fatty acid content
since unsaturated fatty acids play a very important role to
regulate the various sorts of cancers. The constituents of
total lipids and neutral lipid categories, i.e., hydrocarbons,
wax esters, sterol esters,triacylglycerols,freefattyacids,1,3-
diacylglycerols,1,2-diacylglycerols,freesterols,alcohols,and
monoacylglycerols of 3 species of Citrus particularly C.
sinensis, C. paradisi, C. aurantium were investigated by thin
layer and gas natural process. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic
acids were the main elements in all the lipids and lipid
categories studied [27].
ANTICANCER ROLE OF LEMON & LEMON PRODUCTS
A. Lemon
Numerous epidemiological findings and investigationshave
demonstrated that consumption of vegetables and fruits
decreased the incidence of carcinogenesis [28] [29].
Therefore, it is feasible to find novel drugs in dietary
phytochemicals to interfere with the development of cancer
[30]. Lemon (Citrus Limon) belongs to citrus fruits. It
contains various polyphenols (mainly flavonoids) which
possess positive health effects, forinstance,theamelioration
of behavioral impairment, anti-oxidation, and cancer
prevention [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]. Eriocitrin(eriodictyol 7-
rutinoside) is such a flavonoid extractedfromlemon.Minato
et al. reported that eriocitrin could protectdiabeticratsfrom
oxidative stress, suggesting that it may serve as an
antioxidative agent in vivo [36]. Hiramitsu et al. found that
eriocitrin suppressed exercise-induced oxidative damage in
rat liver as well [37]. In addition, Wang et al. showed that
eriocitrin could ameliorate diet-induced hepatic steatosis
[38]. Interestingly, the structure of eriocitrin is very similar
to hesperidin, which was reported to exhibit antitumor
effects on various cancers such as liver cancer and ovary
cancer [34]
[38]. Thus, we speculated that eriocitrin may also have
anticancer activity and examined whether eriocitrin could
inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
B. Lemon (Citrus lemon L.) peel extract
Lemon is a vital healthful plant of the family Rutaceae. It is
harvested primarily for its alkaloids, which are having
anticancer activities and the antibacterial potential in crude
extracts of various components (leaves, stem, viz., root and
flower) of lemon against clinicallysignificantmicroorganism
strains has been reported [39]. The depart Citrus fruits
(Citrus lemon L.) could be a wealthy supply of flavonoid
glycosides, coumarins, β and γ- sitosterol, glycosides and
volatile oils [40]. Several polymethoxylated flavones have
many necessary bioactivities that are very rare in other
plants [41]. Citrus flavonoids have a wide range of biological
activity including antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal,
anticancer and antiviral activities [42] [43]. Flavonoids can
perform as direct antioxidants and radical scavengers, and
have the capability to modulate protein activities andinhibit
cell proliferation [44]. In plants, they seem to play a
defensive role against invasive pathogens, including
bacterium, fungi, and viruses [45].
C. Lemon grass oil
Several natural products are nowadays used as effective
anticancer agents. Within the last 20 years, the search for
novel anticancer agents from natural sources has witnessed
an impressive increase of interest. The genus Cymbopogon
(family Gramineae) has several species of grasses that grow
in tropical and semitropical regions around the world from
mountains to grasslands to arid zones [46]. These plants
produce essential oils with pleasant aromas in their leaves.
Five species yield the three oils of main commercial
importance: lemongrass from Cymbopogon citratus of
Malaysian origin (WestIndianlemongrass)andCymbopogon
flexuosus (East Indian lemongrass) from India, Sri Lanka,
Burma, and Thailand; palmarosa oil from Cymbopogon
martinii; citronella oil from Cymbopogon nardus (Sri Lanka),
and Cymbopogon winterianus (Java). Cymbopogon flexuosus
(also referred to as East India or Cochin lemongrass) is a
perennial, multicut aromatic grass that yieldsa necessaryoil
used in perfumery and pharmaceutical industries and
vitamin A [47]. Cymbopogon flexuosus oil helps with stress-
related disorders, and has shown to own antifungal and
antimicrobial properties [48]. The chemical composition of
the oil has additionally been reported [49]. The various
constituents (%) present in the oil from lemongrass variety
of C. flexuosus like geraniol (20.08), geranyl acetate (12.20),
α-bisabolol (8.42)andisointermedeol(24.97)areoneby one
reported for his or her neoplastic cell toxicity [49] [50].The
volatile oil from a lemongrass kind of Cymbopogon flexuosus
(CFO) and its major chemical constituent sesqui-terpene
isointermedeol (ISO) were investigated for their ability to
induce apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells because
deregulation of apoptosis is the hallmark ofcancercells.CFO
and ISO suppressed cell proliferation with IC50 of ~30 and
20 μg/ml, respectively [49].
D. Lemon extract
Lemon extract contains many biologically active
phytochemicals including D-limonene. This compound is a
monocyclicmonoterpeneandrepresentsa majorcomponent
of citrus oils [51]. Inductions of apoptosis and angiogenesis
inhibition are the main mechanisms of action of limonene
against cancer [52].Inthepresentstudy,highconcentrations
of limonene were recognized in the combination as well as
lemon extract. The observed anticancer effect of the lemon
extract could be explained by the presence of high
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concentrations of limonene in lemon extract. Phytochemical
analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, and alkaloids in lemon aqueous extract [53].
These results are consistent with the previous study that
showed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and
terpenoids in lemon juice. A dose-dependent inhibition of
cell growth and proliferation was observed after treatment
of EMT6/P cells with serial dilutions of lemon aqueous
extract (30–100 mg/mL) with IC50 value of 89.32 mg/mL
[54].
CONCLUSION
Taken all together, a considerable number of well-
established lines of evidence have confirmed that citrus
fruits (e.g. lemon, lemon peel, lemongrassoil,lemonextract)
exhibit a remarkable spectrum of efficacious biological
activities, particularly in antitumori genesis. As mentioned
earlier, the d-limonene found in citrus fruits has multiple
health advantages and one of them includes cancer
prevention. Lemons also contain a flavonoid, which,
according to a recent study, has strong cancer-preventing
properties. Lemon peel, lemon extract and lemon grass oil
also contain high amounts of flavonoid, monoterpenes,
triterpenes, sesquiterpene isointermedeol, which are plant
compounds found to prevent tumors cell. Lemons, lemon
peel, lemon grass oil, the lemon extract havetopossessgreat
bioavailability which consequently attracts researchers to
perform scientific studies for effective disease prevention
and treatment.
AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION
Mohammad Asadul Habib carried out the studies,
participated in the sequence alignment, performed in the
analysis of the findings and drafted the manuscript. Md. Al
Amin in the design of the study, sequence alignment &
drafted the manuscript. Kawsar Hossen;AssistantProfessor,
Noakhali Science & Technology University conceived of the
study, and participated in its design and coordination and
helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and
approved the final manuscript.
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