Antepartum ctg
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Ctg interpretation and mangment
CTG interpretation involves analyzing fetal heart rate patterns during labor and delivery to monitor fetal well-being. Abnormal or suspicious CTG tracings require closer monitoring and may necessitate changes to the delivery plan or emergency intervention to assist the baby. Timely recognition of suspicious CTG patterns and an appropriate clinical response are crucial to avoiding adverse outcomes.
Us ofthemyometrium
The myometrial US document appears to be a medical report authored by Dr. Mahmoud Meleis. It likely contains findings and results from an ultrasound examination of the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus. However, without more context or details provided in the document, a more comprehensive 3 sentence summary cannot be generated.
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Border line ovarian tumours
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Uterine Fibroids on Ultrasound
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors that grow from the muscular wall of the uterus. They are composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle and are the most common uterine tumors. Fibroids are classified based on their location in the uterus, such as submucosal, intramural, subserous, or cervical. Clinical findings of fibroids can include pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, pressure effects on nearby organs, infertility, and spontaneous abortions.
Cervical Screening Program
Cervical cancer screening is important. Dr. Mahmoud Meleis, who is the chairman of the gynecology department at Alex University, discusses the importance of cervical cancer screening. Regular screening can detect cervical cancer early when it is most treatable.
Iugr update
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetal growth that falls below what is expected based on gestational age. It can be symmetric, affecting all body parts equally, or asymmetric, affecting some body parts more than others. Infants with IUGR are at higher risk for perinatal problems like hypoglycemia and hypothermia. The causes of IUGR include maternal, fetal, and placental factors. Evaluation involves physical exam, labs, and imaging to identify the underlying etiology. Management focuses on monitoring postnatal growth and addressing any metabolic complications. Outcomes depend on the specific cause, but IUGR infants may be at risk for neurodevelopmental issues.
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Ctg interpretation and mangment
CTG interpretation involves analyzing fetal heart rate patterns during labor and delivery to monitor fetal well-being. Abnormal or suspicious CTG tracings require closer monitoring and may necessitate changes to the delivery plan or emergency intervention to assist the baby. Timely recognition of suspicious CTG patterns and an appropriate clinical response are crucial to avoiding adverse outcomes.
Us ofthemyometrium
The myometrial US document appears to be a medical report authored by Dr. Mahmoud Meleis. It likely contains findings and results from an ultrasound examination of the myometrium, the muscular layer of the uterus. However, without more context or details provided in the document, a more comprehensive 3 sentence summary cannot be generated.
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The document discusses various topics related to surgical procedures including patient positioning, skin preparation, surgical incisions, suturing techniques, and types of sutures and needles. It provides details on different incision types for procedures like laparotomy and their advantages and disadvantages. It also describes characteristics of round-bodied needles, cutting needles, and factors to consider when choosing sutures and needles for procedures.
Border line ovarian tumours
BOTs are rare ovarian tumors that exhibit some malignant characteristics but are not fully invasive. They have an overall excellent prognosis, though risk of recurrence increases with higher stage, certain histologies, and younger age. Surgical staging is important for prognosis and often involves comprehensive staging surgery. Most patients require only observation after surgery, though some higher risk cases may benefit from repeat surgery or chemotherapy. Long term follow up is important due to risk of recurrence or progression.
Uterine Fibroids on Ultrasound
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors that grow from the muscular wall of the uterus. They are composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle and are the most common uterine tumors. Fibroids are classified based on their location in the uterus, such as submucosal, intramural, subserous, or cervical. Clinical findings of fibroids can include pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, pressure effects on nearby organs, infertility, and spontaneous abortions.
Cervical Screening Program
Cervical cancer screening is important. Dr. Mahmoud Meleis, who is the chairman of the gynecology department at Alex University, discusses the importance of cervical cancer screening. Regular screening can detect cervical cancer early when it is most treatable.
Iugr update
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetal growth that falls below what is expected based on gestational age. It can be symmetric, affecting all body parts equally, or asymmetric, affecting some body parts more than others. Infants with IUGR are at higher risk for perinatal problems like hypoglycemia and hypothermia. The causes of IUGR include maternal, fetal, and placental factors. Evaluation involves physical exam, labs, and imaging to identify the underlying etiology. Management focuses on monitoring postnatal growth and addressing any metabolic complications. Outcomes depend on the specific cause, but IUGR infants may be at risk for neurodevelopmental issues.
Endometriosis by Ultrasound
Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, which is commonly caused by retrograde menstruation or hormonal imbalances. Common sites of endometrial growth include the ovaries, cul-de-sac, and ligaments near the uterus. Symptoms include painful periods, pain with bowel movements and urination, infertility, and menstrual disturbances. Sonography can detect rounded masses with homogeneous internal echoes and increased through transmission, appearing as endometriomas that may be cystic or solid. Surgical removal is more effective for treatment than hormonal therapy alone.
Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography (SIS) involves inserting a catheter into the uterus and using saline solution to distend the uterine cavity during an ultrasound exam. It allows visualization of the endometrial cavity and identification of polyps, submucous fibroids, and other causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Studies show SIS has high sensitivity and specificity compared to hysteroscopy and avoids an unnecessary invasive procedure for many patients. SIS is recommended as the next test after an inconclusive transvaginal ultrasound for evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Pph
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Colposcopy technique
This document describes the Modified Reid Colposcopic Index (RCI) scoring system for evaluating cervical lesions seen during colposcopy. The RCI considers 4 criteria: color, margin, blood vessels, and iodine testing response of the lesion. Lesions are given a score of 0-2 for each criterion and the total RCI score helps determine the likely grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, with lower scores indicating CIN1 and higher scores indicating CIN2-3. Examples of different types and grades of cervical lesions seen during colposcopy are also shown.
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Endometriosis and adenomyosis are common gynecological conditions that can be difficult to diagnose without imaging. MRI is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating these conditions. [1] Adenomyosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial glands within the myometrium, seen on MRI as junctional zone thickening over 12mm or ill-defined high T2 signal regions. [2] Endometriosis appears as powder-burn lesions, ovarian endometriomas or deep infiltrating nodules. Radiologists use MRI features like junctional zone measurements and high T1/T2 signals to diagnose and characterize
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Variables المتغيرات في سي شارب
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https://youtu.be/RlZ4PCOVJpY
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Oocyte pick up and Embryo transfer
This document discusses oocyte pick up and embryo transfer procedures. It describes the equipment, techniques, tips, and potential complications for oocyte pick up, which involves using ultrasound-guided needles to aspirate follicles and retrieve oocytes. It also outlines the timing, catheters, techniques, ultrasound guidance, and factors considered for embryo transfer, which involves placing embryos into the uterine cavity. Mock embryo transfers are recommended to practice catheter placement before the real procedure.
Optimal endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer cycles
This document discusses optimal endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. It describes different preparation protocols including natural, modified natural, and programmed artificial cycles. Programmed cycles use estrogen and progesterone supplementation to prepare the endometrium. The document emphasizes identifying the receptive implantation window and the importance of progesterone support. Personalizing FET timing based on endometrial development and reducing uterine contractions with progesterone can improve pregnancy rates. With advances in cryopreservation, FET cycles now often match or exceed the success of fresh cycles.
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This document describes various ovarian stimulation protocols for infertility treatment, including oral medications, injectable medications, and monitoring techniques. It summarizes protocols for natural cycles, mild stimulation, conventional stimulation, antagonist protocols, and protocols for poor responders. Key points include the use of clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins like hMG and rFSH, protocols with and without downregulation, monitoring with ultrasound and hormones, and tailoring the protocol based on ovarian reserve and previous response. The goal is to recruit multiple follicles for retrieval while avoiding overstimulation and maintaining endometrial receptivity.
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3D&4D operation guideline
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Overian induction protocols for ifc candidates
This document describes various ovarian stimulation protocols for infertility treatment, including oral medications, injectable medications, and monitoring approaches. It discusses:
1) Oral medication protocols using clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen to stimulate follicle growth over 5-7 days.
2) Injectable medication protocols using FSH alone or with LH activity administered via injections over 8-10 days to stimulate multiple follicle growth, monitored by ultrasound and blood tests.
3) "Down regulation" protocols using GnRH agonists or antagonists to prevent premature ovulation, along with FSH injections to stimulate several mature follicles for procedures like IUI, IVF, or ICSI.
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Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography (SIS) involves inserting a catheter into the uterus and using saline solution to distend the uterine cavity during an ultrasound exam. It allows visualization of the endometrial cavity and identification of polyps, submucous fibroids, and other causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Studies show SIS has high sensitivity and specificity compared to hysteroscopy and avoids an unnecessary invasive procedure for many patients. SIS is recommended as the next test after an inconclusive transvaginal ultrasound for evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Understand the history and pathophysiology of endometriosis
Understand the critical need for timely diagnosis and effective intervention
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Pph
This document discusses postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss of 500 ml or more after childbirth. It outlines the main risk factors for PPH as the "four Ts" - tone (issues with the uterus), tissue (retained products of conception), trauma (lacerations), and thrombin (coagulation disorders). The document provides guidelines for preventing PPH through routine oxytocin administration after delivery and controlled cord traction. It also describes a stepwise approach for managing PPH, beginning with initial resuscitation and treatment of any atonic uterus or lacerations, and progressing to more invasive local control measures, surgery, or embolization if bleeding remains uncontrolled.
Colposcopy nstrumentation and principles on how to do 22
This document discusses the principles and procedures of colposcopy examinations. It begins by defining a colposcope and its main uses. The most common reason for referral is abnormal cervical screening tests indicating possible precancerous lesions. During the exam, the cervix is examined under magnification with saline, acetic acid, and Lugol's iodine to identify any abnormal white lesions that could indicate precancer or cancer. The document outlines the proper colposcopy instrumentation, examination steps including the principles behind using acetic acid and Lugol's iodine, how to interpret the results, and the importance of thoroughly documenting findings.
Colposcopy technique
This document describes the Modified Reid Colposcopic Index (RCI) scoring system for evaluating cervical lesions seen during colposcopy. The RCI considers 4 criteria: color, margin, blood vessels, and iodine testing response of the lesion. Lesions are given a score of 0-2 for each criterion and the total RCI score helps determine the likely grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, with lower scores indicating CIN1 and higher scores indicating CIN2-3. Examples of different types and grades of cervical lesions seen during colposcopy are also shown.
Endometrial Carcinoma
This document discusses endometrial carcinoma (cancer of the uterus). It begins with an anatomy of the uterus and defines endometrial cancer as beginning in the endometrial lining of the uterus. Some risk factors include obesity, hormonal imbalances, and nulliparity. Diagnosis involves ultrasound, biopsy and imaging. Treatment depends on cancer stage and grade, and may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy. Prognosis is generally good, though older age and advanced stage indicate poorer outcomes.
Antepartum Fetal Surveillance
An excellent reading material for antepartum fetal health assessment and surveillance for medical and graduate students.
ACUTE SINUSITIS
This document discusses acute sinusitis, providing details on the types and causes. It begins by explaining that the maxillary sinus is most commonly infected, followed by the ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Acute sinusitis is usually caused by viral infections that are later invaded by bacteria like streptococcus pneumoniae. Each type of acute sinusitis is then described in more detail, outlining signs and symptoms, treatments, and potential complications for maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid infections.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of endometriosis.
Radiological imaging of endometriosis and adenomyosis.
Endometriosis and adenomyosis are common gynecological conditions that can be difficult to diagnose without imaging. MRI is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating these conditions. [1] Adenomyosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial glands within the myometrium, seen on MRI as junctional zone thickening over 12mm or ill-defined high T2 signal regions. [2] Endometriosis appears as powder-burn lesions, ovarian endometriomas or deep infiltrating nodules. Radiologists use MRI features like junctional zone measurements and high T1/T2 signals to diagnose and characterize
Assessment of Fetal Well being - Dr Padmesh - Neonatology
This document discusses the assessment of fetal well-being through various antenatal monitoring techniques. It outlines the objectives of fetal monitoring as avoiding fetal death and ensuring growth. Common indications requiring monitoring include pregnancies with obstetric or medical complications. Components of assessment include clinical monitoring of maternal weight, blood pressure, uterine size and liquor volume. Antenatal tests described are fetal movement monitoring, the non-stress test (NST), contraction stress test (CST), biophysical profile, and Doppler ultrasonography of the umbilical artery blood flow. The NST and CST assess fetal heart rate patterns in response to movement or contractions respectively.
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Variables المتغيرات في سي شارب
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https://youtu.be/RlZ4PCOVJpY
Prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
This document discusses prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). It defines OHSS and describes its incidence, classification, risk factors, pathophysiology, and prevention strategies. The primary prevention strategies discussed are reducing gonadotropin dose, using a GnRH antagonist protocol, metformin therapy, and avoiding hCG for luteal phase support. Secondary prevention strategies mentioned are coasting, cryopreservation of embryos, and cycle cancellation. Coasting involves withdrawing gonadotropins when certain criteria are met to delay the hCG trigger and reduce OHSS risk, though it may lower pregnancy rates.
Oocyte pick up and Embryo transfer
This document discusses oocyte pick up and embryo transfer procedures. It describes the equipment, techniques, tips, and potential complications for oocyte pick up, which involves using ultrasound-guided needles to aspirate follicles and retrieve oocytes. It also outlines the timing, catheters, techniques, ultrasound guidance, and factors considered for embryo transfer, which involves placing embryos into the uterine cavity. Mock embryo transfers are recommended to practice catheter placement before the real procedure.
Optimal endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer cycles
This document discusses optimal endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. It describes different preparation protocols including natural, modified natural, and programmed artificial cycles. Programmed cycles use estrogen and progesterone supplementation to prepare the endometrium. The document emphasizes identifying the receptive implantation window and the importance of progesterone support. Personalizing FET timing based on endometrial development and reducing uterine contractions with progesterone can improve pregnancy rates. With advances in cryopreservation, FET cycles now often match or exceed the success of fresh cycles.
Stimulation Protocols
This document describes various ovarian stimulation protocols for infertility treatment, including oral medications, injectable medications, and monitoring techniques. It summarizes protocols for natural cycles, mild stimulation, conventional stimulation, antagonist protocols, and protocols for poor responders. Key points include the use of clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins like hMG and rFSH, protocols with and without downregulation, monitoring with ultrasound and hormones, and tailoring the protocol based on ovarian reserve and previous response. The goal is to recruit multiple follicles for retrieval while avoiding overstimulation and maintaining endometrial receptivity.
A failed icsi trial, who is responsib
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3D&4D operation guideline
This document provides guidelines for obtaining good quality 3D and 4D ultrasound images. It discusses factors such as gestational age, fetal position, amniotic fluid levels, and lack of fetal coverage that can affect image quality. It also outlines how to optimize 2D image parameters before capturing 3D/4D images and adjust 3D/4D parameters like rendering mode, voxel of interest size, angle, threshold, and others. The key is to prepare the 2D image properly and adjust the 3D/4D parameters to focus on the desired region of the fetus with clear boundaries and low noise.
Overian induction protocols for ifc candidates
This document describes various ovarian stimulation protocols for infertility treatment, including oral medications, injectable medications, and monitoring approaches. It discusses:
1) Oral medication protocols using clomiphene citrate or tamoxifen to stimulate follicle growth over 5-7 days.
2) Injectable medication protocols using FSH alone or with LH activity administered via injections over 8-10 days to stimulate multiple follicle growth, monitored by ultrasound and blood tests.
3) "Down regulation" protocols using GnRH agonists or antagonists to prevent premature ovulation, along with FSH injections to stimulate several mature follicles for procedures like IUI, IVF, or ICSI.
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Prepubertal bleeding
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Palm coein clasification
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Ctg
This document discusses a CTG (cardiotocography) pattern and fetal heart rate tracing with late decelerations. It also covers the interpretation of the CTG pattern and the management of the case.
Intrauterine growth restriction
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Ovulation induction
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2. Aromatase inhibitors like letrozole are sometimes used as an alternative to clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction, working by inhibiting the conversion of androgens to estrogens. They have fewer side effects than clomiphene citrate and may reduce risks of multiple pregnancy and miscarriage.
3. When clomiphene citrate treatment fails, gonad
Malignancy reproduction
This document discusses cancer diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy. It notes that cancer during pregnancy is rare but may increase due to delayed childbearing. Data on outcomes after cancer treatment during pregnancy is limited due to low prevalence, high rates of pregnancy termination, and decisions not to treat during critical fetal periods. The most common cancers seen in pregnancy are breast, hematologic, skin, cervical, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Radiographic and surgical procedures pose minimal risk after the first trimester. Chemotherapy also poses low risk after the first trimester, though some drugs like alkylating agents carry higher risk. Outcomes of cancer diagnosed and treated during pregnancy are generally similar to non-pregnant patients.
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Antepartum ctg
- 28. IDia