Answer is IIIBy seeing the distribution patterns of land birds (We.pdf
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Answer is III By seeing the distribution patterns of land birds (West Indies), scientists came to a conclusion that probability of extinction was increased when one species will try to invade the islands when they are progressing through evolutionary changes. Based on this in taxon cycle, four stages were coined. In group II Here either expanding or widespread But will have little differentiation with respect to morphologically distinct populations; In group II, they will be widespread and are highly differentiated; In group III, the population is restricted and is usually with a fragmented range In group IV, the population will be endemic to one island. Based on this we can say fragmentation of the range is typical for III stage of taxon cycle. Solution Answer is III By seeing the distribution patterns of land birds (West Indies), scientists came to a conclusion that probability of extinction was increased when one species will try to invade the islands when they are progressing through evolutionary changes. Based on this in taxon cycle, four stages were coined. In group II Here either expanding or widespread But will have little differentiation with respect to morphologically distinct populations; In group II, they will be widespread and are highly differentiated; In group III, the population is restricted and is usually with a fragmented range In group IV, the population will be endemic to one island. Based on this we can say fragmentation of the range is typical for III stage of taxon cycle..
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Training
Major Bill Bligh, Director of the Army War College’s new six-month attaché training program,
is concerned about how the 20 officers taking the course spend their time while in his charge.
Major Bligh recognizes that there are 168 hours per week and thinks his students have been
using them rather inefficiently.
Bligh lets:
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
X2 = number of personal hours
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
He thinks that students should study 30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material. This is
his most important goal. Bligh feels that students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on
average and that this goal is number 2. He believes that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20
hours per week of social time.
Formulate this goal programming problem
Solve with the software (lindo or excel) of your choice.
Solution
Total hours x= 168 hours è 7days
X = 1 week = 168 hours = 7 days + 7 nights
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
Based on goal number 2 students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on average
So,
X1=7*7 = 49 Hours per week
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material
X3 = 30 hours per week
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20 hours per week of social time.
X4 = 20 hours per week
X2 = number of personal hours
69
X1+X2+ X1+X2 = X
X=168
X1=49
X2=?
X3=30
X4=20
X2 = x-(X1+X2+X3)
X2 = 168-(49+30+20);
X2 = 168-99;
X2 = 99
MAX 2 X4 + S5
ST
X1 + S1 = 168
S1- 0.5 X1 - X2 - S2 = 0
2 X1 + S2 - 0.5 X2 - X3 - S3 = 0
2 X2 + S3 - 0.5 X3 - X4 - S4 = 0
2 X3 + S4 - 0.5 X4 - S5 = 0
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Solution
1.Fossil evidence
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2. Phenotypic variation within a species
Example - Some Polar bear are white and some are brown.
Difference in reproduction and survival
Example - Brown bear can\'t able to get enough food in white background ice coverd area like
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Transfer of genes through Heredity
Example - White polar bear can able to produce more offspring of white bears.
The offspring survival rate increase
Example - The white polar bear offspring can able to survie easily compare to brown
offspprong. After certain period only white bear common in population.
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Training
Major Bill Bligh, Director of the Army War College’s new six-month attaché training program,
is concerned about how the 20 officers taking the course spend their time while in his charge.
Major Bligh recognizes that there are 168 hours per week and thinks his students have been
using them rather inefficiently.
Bligh lets:
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
X2 = number of personal hours
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
He thinks that students should study 30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material. This is
his most important goal. Bligh feels that students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on
average and that this goal is number 2. He believes that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20
hours per week of social time.
Formulate this goal programming problem
Solve with the software (lindo or excel) of your choice.
Solution
Total hours x= 168 hours è 7days
X = 1 week = 168 hours = 7 days + 7 nights
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
Based on goal number 2 students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on average
So,
X1=7*7 = 49 Hours per week
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material
X3 = 30 hours per week
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20 hours per week of social time.
X4 = 20 hours per week
X2 = number of personal hours
69
X1+X2+ X1+X2 = X
X=168
X1=49
X2=?
X3=30
X4=20
X2 = x-(X1+X2+X3)
X2 = 168-(49+30+20);
X2 = 168-99;
X2 = 99
MAX 2 X4 + S5
ST
X1 + S1 = 168
S1- 0.5 X1 - X2 - S2 = 0
2 X1 + S2 - 0.5 X2 - X3 - S3 = 0
2 X2 + S3 - 0.5 X3 - X4 - S4 = 0
2 X3 + S4 - 0.5 X4 - S5 = 0
END.
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Solution
1.Fossil evidence
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Example - Some Polar bear are white and some are brown.
Difference in reproduction and survival
Example - Brown bear can\'t able to get enough food in white background ice coverd area like
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Transfer of genes through Heredity
Example - White polar bear can able to produce more offspring of white bears.
The offspring survival rate increase
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offspprong. After certain period only white bear common in population.
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Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwins finches.pdf
Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwin\'s finches?
Charles Darwin named them Geospiza leodarwini in honor of his son Leonard.
They come from the Darwin archipelago off the coast of Ecuador.
Charles Darwin collected the first scientific specimens.
John Gould placed them in the genus Darwinospiza.
Q2. A medium ground finch\'s ability to survive often depends on its beak size primarily
because:
Birds with bigger beaks are socially dominant and therefore get the best nest sites.
Beak size determines which seeds a finch can eat and how efficiently it can eat them.
Longer beaks make better weapons, which the birds use to defend themselves against predators.
Larger-beaked finches experience higher mating success.
Q3. Which statement best describes the pattern of natural selection on beak size?
Deep beaks are favored in dry years, while shallow beaks are favored in wet years.
Selection favors birds with bigger beaks.
Selection favors birds with smaller beaks.
Shallow beaks are favored in large populations, while deep beaks are favored in small
populations.
Q4. What can happen to our virtual finch population if the weather changes between wet and dry
conditions too rapidly?
The mutation rate may fall to zero.
The distribution of beak sizes may cease to be bimodal.
The finch population may go extinct. Beak size may cease to affect survival.
Q5. What happened to beak depths in the virtual finch population when selection on beak depth
was eliminated (selection strength = 0) and mutation rate for alleles determining beak depth was
greater than zero?
Average beak depth consistently increased.
Average beak depth consistently decreased.
The range in beak depths (largest to smallest) became larger.
The range in beak depths became smaller.
Q6. The Correlated Traits exercise shows that:
When two characters are correlated, selection always favors larger values for both or smaller
values for both.
When two characters are correlated, one of them can evolve toward higher values even if smaller
values are better for survival.
When two characters are correlated, selection is always strong on both or weak on both.
When two characters are correlated, the optimal values and selection strengths rise and fall
together.
Q7. In the Mountains and Valleys exercise, which of the following parameters had the largest
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The speed at which the model ran.
The difference in carrying capacity between the wet versus dry sides of the island.
The number of chicks each pair of parents produced each year.
How far the birds flew when looking for a mate.
Q8. The final exercise, Large and Small Seeds, showed that:
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Bimodal distributions are more likely to evolve when geographic barriers are absent.
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Bimodal distributi.
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Solution
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron . Out of the following H3O+
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2) Homology provides evidence of common ancestry through similar structures in different species. Biogeography, such as Darwin's observations of island species, also supports evolution.
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Irreversible transformations takes place from simple to complex or advanced occurring in time and space.
Darwin assumed that if evolution is gradual , then there should be a record in fossils of small incremental change within a species. But in many cases, Darwin, and scientists today, are unable to find most of these intermediate forms.
Mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection are the 5 key mechanisms responsible for evolution.
Variation, inheritance, selection and time are the 4 principles that are considered as the components of the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection.
Periodfourpresentation.
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
Periodfourpresentation.
This document summarizes evidence that supports the theory of evolution from four perspectives: biogeography, the age of the Earth and fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics and molecular biology. Each section provides examples for how scientific observations in these areas help trace evolutionary relationships and document how species have changed over time from common ancestors through natural processes like natural selection. The document also discusses how recent research on Galapagos finches supported Darwin's original hypotheses about natural selection by showing adaptations to seasonal changes.
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION.pptx
This document discusses sympatric speciation, which is the evolution of reproductive isolation between populations of the same species living in the same geographic area. It provides examples of sympatric speciation occurring in apple maggot flies, bacteria, Midas cichlid fish, and orca whales. Polyploidy, a process where organisms contain more than two sets of chromosomes, is also discussed as a mechanism for instant sympatric speciation, especially in plants. The document outlines criteria for determining if speciation occurred sympatrically and mechanisms that can drive the process, such as changes in habitat or food preference.
Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwins finches.pdf
Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwin\'s finches?
Charles Darwin named them Geospiza leodarwini in honor of his son Leonard.
They come from the Darwin archipelago off the coast of Ecuador.
Charles Darwin collected the first scientific specimens.
John Gould placed them in the genus Darwinospiza.
Q2. A medium ground finch\'s ability to survive often depends on its beak size primarily
because:
Birds with bigger beaks are socially dominant and therefore get the best nest sites.
Beak size determines which seeds a finch can eat and how efficiently it can eat them.
Longer beaks make better weapons, which the birds use to defend themselves against predators.
Larger-beaked finches experience higher mating success.
Q3. Which statement best describes the pattern of natural selection on beak size?
Deep beaks are favored in dry years, while shallow beaks are favored in wet years.
Selection favors birds with bigger beaks.
Selection favors birds with smaller beaks.
Shallow beaks are favored in large populations, while deep beaks are favored in small
populations.
Q4. What can happen to our virtual finch population if the weather changes between wet and dry
conditions too rapidly?
The mutation rate may fall to zero.
The distribution of beak sizes may cease to be bimodal.
The finch population may go extinct. Beak size may cease to affect survival.
Q5. What happened to beak depths in the virtual finch population when selection on beak depth
was eliminated (selection strength = 0) and mutation rate for alleles determining beak depth was
greater than zero?
Average beak depth consistently increased.
Average beak depth consistently decreased.
The range in beak depths (largest to smallest) became larger.
The range in beak depths became smaller.
Q6. The Correlated Traits exercise shows that:
When two characters are correlated, selection always favors larger values for both or smaller
values for both.
When two characters are correlated, one of them can evolve toward higher values even if smaller
values are better for survival.
When two characters are correlated, selection is always strong on both or weak on both.
When two characters are correlated, the optimal values and selection strengths rise and fall
together.
Q7. In the Mountains and Valleys exercise, which of the following parameters had the largest
influence on whether the finch population evolved a bimodal distribution?
The speed at which the model ran.
The difference in carrying capacity between the wet versus dry sides of the island.
The number of chicks each pair of parents produced each year.
How far the birds flew when looking for a mate.
Q8. The final exercise, Large and Small Seeds, showed that:
In the absence of geographic barriers, a population cannot evolve distinctive subpopulations.
Bimodal distributions are more likely to evolve when geographic barriers are absent.
Bimodal distributions only evolve when the population\'s food supply is divided into two types.
Bimodal distributi.
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin established the theory of evolution and theorized that species change over time through a process called natural selection. His voyage on the HMS Beagle from 1831-1836 was pivotal in the development of his theory. During the voyage, Darwin made detailed observations of plants and animals in the places the ship visited, including the Galapagos Islands. These observations, along with his subsequent research and study of collected specimens, led him to conclude that all species share a common ancestor and gradually evolve over generations through natural selection, in which beneficial inheritable traits increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.
Animal Systematics Lecture 3
1. Microevolution leads to genetic differences between populations over time, which can result in new species through macroevolution if enough differences accumulate.
2. A polytypic species consists of multiple geographically isolated populations that have undergone microevolution, like the different tiger subspecies.
3. Recognizing polytypic species simplifies classification by reducing many similar local populations to subspecies rather than considering each a unique species. However, delineating subspecies from one another or related species remains challenging.
Similar to Answer is IIIBy seeing the distribution patterns of land birds (We.pdf (20)
Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwins finches.pdf
Q1. Why are the birds discussed in this lab called Darwins finches.pdf
More from angeldresses
oxidizing agent F2 I2 Fe2+ Li+ reducing ag.pdf
oxidizing agent: F2 > I2 > Fe2+ > Li+ reducing agent: Li > Fe > I- > F-
Solution
oxidizing agent: F2 > I2 > Fe2+ > Li+ reducing agent: Li > Fe > I- > F-.
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron .pdf
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron . Out of the following H3O+
would have the tendency to lose the electron and not gain another electron . It functions as an
acid and not a base. Option - C
Solution
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron . Out of the following H3O+
would have the tendency to lose the electron and not gain another electron . It functions as an
acid and not a base. Option - C.
let 3x mole of Fe react then moles of H2O is 4x m.pdf
let 3x mole of Fe react then moles of H2O is 4x moles Fe3O4 formed=x moles of
H2=4x Kc=5.1=x*(4x)^4/((0.1-3x)^3(0.05-4x)^4) solving we get x=0.00572 moles of
Fe3O4=0.00572 so mass=moles*mol.wt =0.00572(55.845*3+16*4) =1.32 g
Solution
let 3x mole of Fe react then moles of H2O is 4x moles Fe3O4 formed=x moles of
H2=4x Kc=5.1=x*(4x)^4/((0.1-3x)^3(0.05-4x)^4) solving we get x=0.00572 moles of
Fe3O4=0.00572 so mass=moles*mol.wt =0.00572(55.845*3+16*4) =1.32 g.
X is a vector space but has no basis.SolutionX is a vector spa.pdf
X is a vector space that has no basis. It is described as a vector space but lacks a basis. The document provides no other information about X.
Usually NGS (Next generation sequencing) is extensively used in unde.pdf
Usually NGS (Next generation sequencing) is extensively used in understanding the viral
genome by generating many billions of sequences. But of late NGS is also finding its place in
other areas of science like Transcriptomics where the measurement of mRNA is done to
understand the genomic expression better and it’s possible modifications in health and
disease.Till now microarray had been used to quantify the gene expression but this is being
replaced by NGS of transcribed RNA termed as RNA seq.
The key steps include the isolation of RNA and removal of host genomic DNA. Following
which, rRNA is also removed by selection of polyadenylated RNA or with antisense oligos.
Complementary DNA synthesis is primed either by oligo(dT) or randomly on long transcripts.
Analysis of RNA-seq data is usually achieved by mapping sequence reads to a reference
genome, in this case the comparison between the infected genome and the normal genome can be
done, using software that can map reads over gene splice junctions. Statistical analysis of the
number of reads per genome region (gene) can be used to quantify relative levels of expression.
Also, Existing ORF and the newly generated ORF can be identified.
EV71 infection induces the expressions of genes which are associated with the secretions of
inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, complementary proteins and host cell apoptosis. The major
signaling pathway affected is the MAPK signaling pathway.
Solution
Usually NGS (Next generation sequencing) is extensively used in understanding the viral
genome by generating many billions of sequences. But of late NGS is also finding its place in
other areas of science like Transcriptomics where the measurement of mRNA is done to
understand the genomic expression better and it’s possible modifications in health and
disease.Till now microarray had been used to quantify the gene expression but this is being
replaced by NGS of transcribed RNA termed as RNA seq.
The key steps include the isolation of RNA and removal of host genomic DNA. Following
which, rRNA is also removed by selection of polyadenylated RNA or with antisense oligos.
Complementary DNA synthesis is primed either by oligo(dT) or randomly on long transcripts.
Analysis of RNA-seq data is usually achieved by mapping sequence reads to a reference
genome, in this case the comparison between the infected genome and the normal genome can be
done, using software that can map reads over gene splice junctions. Statistical analysis of the
number of reads per genome region (gene) can be used to quantify relative levels of expression.
Also, Existing ORF and the newly generated ORF can be identified.
EV71 infection induces the expressions of genes which are associated with the secretions of
inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, complementary proteins and host cell apoptosis. The major
signaling pathway affected is the MAPK signaling pathway..
There are 15 members of the show choir. In how many ways can you arr.pdf
There are 15 members of the show choir. In how many ways can you arrange 4 members in the
front row when order does not matter
15c4
=15*14*13*12/(4*3*2*1)
=1365 ways
Solution
There are 15 members of the show choir. In how many ways can you arrange 4 members in the
front row when order does not matter
15c4
=15*14*13*12/(4*3*2*1)
=1365 ways.
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carri.pdf
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space
Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation.[7] A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth
orbit, Hubble\'s four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near
infraredspectra. The telescope is named after the astronomerEdwin Hubble.
Hubble\'s orbit outside the distortion of Earth\'s atmosphere allows it to take extremely high-
resolution images with almost no background light. Hubble\'s Deep Field has recorded some of
the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time. Many
Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as accurately determining
the rate of expansion of the universe.
Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well
known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy. The HST was built
by the United States space agency NASA, with contributions from the European Space Agency,
and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute. The HST is one of NASA\'s Great
Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray
Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.[8]
Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923.[9] Hubble was funded in the 1970s, with a
proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the
Challenger disaster. When finally launched in 1990, Hubble\'s main mirror was found to have
been ground incorrectly, compromising the telescope\'s capabilities. The optics were corrected to
their intended quality by a servicing mission in 1993.
Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space by astronauts. Between 1993 and
2002, four Space Shuttle missions repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope; a
fifth mission was canceled on safety grounds following the Columbia disaster. However, after
spirited public discussion, NASA administrator Mike Griffin approved one final servicing
mission, completed in 2009. The telescope is now expected to function until at least 2014, and
possibly 2020.[10] Its scientific successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is
currently scheduled to be launched in 2018.
Solution
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space
Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation.[7] A 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) aperture telescope in low Earth
orbit, Hubble\'s four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near
infraredspectra. The telescope is named after the astronomerEdwin Hubble.
Hubble\'s orbit outside the distortion of Earth\'s atmosphere allows it to take extremely high-
resolution images with almost no background light. Hubble\'s Deep Field has recorded some of
the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time. Many
Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs.
IBrClF Solution IBr.pdf
This document lists the relative strengths of bonds between halogens and other elements. It states that iodine forms stronger bonds than bromine, which forms stronger bonds than chlorine, which forms stronger bonds than fluorine.
hexacyanoferrate(III) because the given radical i.pdf
hexacyanoferrate(III) because the given radical is an anion we have to name it
ferrate instead of iron
Solution
hexacyanoferrate(III) because the given radical is an anion we have to name it
ferrate instead of iron.
The answer is e) they would get stuck in the membrane of the endopla.pdf
The answer is e) they would get stuck in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum because
mutations at this site causes a pause in translation
Solution
The answer is e) they would get stuck in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum because
mutations at this site causes a pause in translation.
Step 1SolutionStep 1.pdf
This very short document provides instructions but does not give enough context or information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only lists "Step 1" twice and the word "Solution" without any other details.
sorry bro...but where is section 5.2u might have missed postng th.pdf
sorry bro...but where is section 5.2?
u might have missed postng the data..please check it out.
Solution
sorry bro...but where is section 5.2?
u might have missed postng the data..please check it out..
Pseudocode ExamplesChanged 15 December 1999A calculation is a st.pdf
Pseudocode Examples
Changed 15 December 1999
A calculation is a strategy for tackling an issue regarding the activities to be executed and the
request in which those activities are to be executed. A calculation is only the grouping of steps
taken to tackle an issue. The means are typically \"arrangement,\" \"choice, \" \"emphasis,\" and a
case-sort articulation.
In C, \"arrangement proclamations\" are goals. The \"determination\" is the \"if then else\"
explanation, and the emphasis is fulfilled by various proclamations, for example, the \"while,\" \"
do,\" and the \"for,\" while the case-sort articulation is fulfilled by the \"switch\" articulation.
Pseudocode is a counterfeit and casual dialect that helps software engineers create calculations.
Pseudocode is a \"content based\" point of interest (algorithmic) plan instrument.
The guidelines of Pseudocode are sensibly direct. All announcements indicating \"reliance\" are
to be indented. These incorporate while, do, for, if, switch. Case underneath will delineate this
thought.
Manual for PSEUDOCODE LEVEL OF DETAIL: Given record/document depictions,
pseudocode ought to be made in adequate detail in order to straightforwardly bolster the
programming exertion. It is the motivation behind pseudocode to expand on the algorithmic
detail and not simply refer to a reflection.
Illustrations:
1.
On the off chance that understudy\'s evaluation is more noteworthy than or equivalent to 60
Set aggregate to zero
Set review counter to one
While review counter is not exactly or equivalent to ten
Input the following evaluation
Include the evaluation into the aggregate
endwhile
Set the class normal to the aggregate partitioned by ten
Print the class normal.
3.
Instate aggregate to zero
Instate counter to zero
Input the principal grade
while the client has not up \'til now entered the sentinel
include this evaluation into the running aggregate
add one to the evaluation counter
input the following evaluation (conceivably the sentinel)
endwhile
in the event that the counter is not equivalent to zero
set the normal to the aggregate partitioned by the counter
print the normal
else
print \'no evaluations were entered\'
endif
4.
introduce goes to zero
introduce disappointments to zero
introduce understudy to one
while understudy counter is not exactly or equivalent to ten
input the following exam result
in the event that the understudy passed
add one to passes
else
add one to disappointments
add one to understudy counter
endif
endwhile
print the quantity of passes
print the quantity of disappointments
While not EOF do:
Check over spaces and white space until a singe is found
(get first character on hold)
set can\'t-rise banner to 0
set consec cntr to 1
set climbing cntr to 1
putchar first roast of string to screen
set read character to hold character
While next character read != spaces and white space
putchar out on screen
on the off chance that new singe = hold roast + 1
add 1 to consec cntr
set hold roast = new burn.
Process of transmission between A node and B nodeThere are differ.pdf
Process of transmission between A node and B node:
There are different types of frames that rae present to transmission of data. They are
Header and response are the two functions are there in the process of transmission.
Solution
Process of transmission between A node and B node:
There are different types of frames that rae present to transmission of data. They are
Header and response are the two functions are there in the process of transmission..
Halogenated waste note All halogen containing o.pdf
Halogenated waste note: All halogen containing organic materials should be
combined in a common waste container (the \"HALOGENATED WASTE\" container).
Solution
Halogenated waste note: All halogen containing organic materials should be
combined in a common waste container (the \"HALOGENATED WASTE\" container)..
PbI2 is only very slightly soluble in water, so the following equili.pdf
PbI2 is only very slightly soluble in water, so the following equilibrium occurs:
PbI2(s) <=> Pb2+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)
KI and KNO3 are very soluble in water and are both fully ionized.
KI(s) => K+(aq) + I-(aq)
KNO3(s) => K+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
For 0.01 M KI solution, I- is the common ion with PbI2. The extra I- in solution causes the
equilibrium for PbI2 to shift to the left according to Le Chatelier\'s principle. Thus less PbI2
dissolves and solubility decreases. This common ion effect outweighs the ionic strength effect
below.
For 0.01 M KNO3 solution, there are no common ions. However, the ionic strength of the
solution increases compared to water (due to the presence of K+ and NO3-), which decreases the
activity coefficients and increases the concentrations of the Pb2+ and I- ions in solution. Thus
more PbI2 dissolves and solubility increases.
Ksp = a(Pb2+) x a(I-)2
= Pb2+[Pb2+] x (I-[I-])2
where a is activity and is activity coefficient.
When ionic strength increases, decreases and concentration increases to maintain constant value
of Ksp.
Solution
PbI2 is only very slightly soluble in water, so the following equilibrium occurs:
PbI2(s) <=> Pb2+(aq) + 2 I-(aq)
KI and KNO3 are very soluble in water and are both fully ionized.
KI(s) => K+(aq) + I-(aq)
KNO3(s) => K+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
For 0.01 M KI solution, I- is the common ion with PbI2. The extra I- in solution causes the
equilibrium for PbI2 to shift to the left according to Le Chatelier\'s principle. Thus less PbI2
dissolves and solubility decreases. This common ion effect outweighs the ionic strength effect
below.
For 0.01 M KNO3 solution, there are no common ions. However, the ionic strength of the
solution increases compared to water (due to the presence of K+ and NO3-), which decreases the
activity coefficients and increases the concentrations of the Pb2+ and I- ions in solution. Thus
more PbI2 dissolves and solubility increases.
Ksp = a(Pb2+) x a(I-)2
= Pb2+[Pb2+] x (I-[I-])2
where a is activity and is activity coefficient.
When ionic strength increases, decreases and concentration increases to maintain constant value
of Ksp..
option D is correctA thermodynamic cycle starts with a system in a.pdf
option D is correct
A thermodynamic cycle starts with a system in an initail state and returns to that state after
undergoing a series of processes
Solution
option D is correct
A thermodynamic cycle starts with a system in an initail state and returns to that state after
undergoing a series of processes.
Fluorescence return from excited singlet state to.pdf
Fluorescence return from excited singlet state to ground state; does not require
change in spin orientation (more common of relaxation) Phosphoresence return from a triplet
excited state to a ground state; electron requires change in spin orientation Therefore, the rates
of fluorescence are several orders of magnitude faster than that of phosphorescence.
Solution
Fluorescence return from excited singlet state to ground state; does not require
change in spin orientation (more common of relaxation) Phosphoresence return from a triplet
excited state to a ground state; electron requires change in spin orientation Therefore, the rates
of fluorescence are several orders of magnitude faster than that of phosphorescence..
EDTA has 4 carboxylic acid groups, so adding a lo.pdf
EDTA has 4 carboxylic acid groups, so adding a lot of base would ionize these
groups and make the molecule negatively charged. Since water is polar and charged molecules
dissolve very well in water, the deprotonation of the acids would make it a lot more soluble.
Solution
EDTA has 4 carboxylic acid groups, so adding a lot of base would ionize these
groups and make the molecule negatively charged. Since water is polar and charged molecules
dissolve very well in water, the deprotonation of the acids would make it a lot more soluble..
Ion channels are the membrane proteins which have pores. They allow .pdf
Ion channels are the membrane proteins which have pores. They allow passage of ions through
its pores and are responsible for creating membrane potential, and voltage-gated electrical
signals. Ion channels, hence control the cellular volume through the secretions from various
cells. Some of the ion channels are: sodium-potassium pump, sodium-calcium exchanger,
sodium-glucose transport proteins etc.
Genomic evolution has brought about transformation in the function and structure of the ion
channels. These channels have existed even before the existence of animals. The presence of ion
channels in cnidarians like sea anemones, corals, jellyfish and others have shed light on the
evolution of ion channels.
Ion channels have formed by the modification of the prokaryotic porins, colicins, ABC
transporters. They can be catagorised into families and sub-families like the voltage-gated
channels and messanger-gated channels. Of these two, ligand-gated channels have evolved
recently. Moreover, Na+ and Ca2+ channels genes have evolved from K+ channel genes,
brought about by duplication and mutation.
Solution
Ion channels are the membrane proteins which have pores. They allow passage of ions through
its pores and are responsible for creating membrane potential, and voltage-gated electrical
signals. Ion channels, hence control the cellular volume through the secretions from various
cells. Some of the ion channels are: sodium-potassium pump, sodium-calcium exchanger,
sodium-glucose transport proteins etc.
Genomic evolution has brought about transformation in the function and structure of the ion
channels. These channels have existed even before the existence of animals. The presence of ion
channels in cnidarians like sea anemones, corals, jellyfish and others have shed light on the
evolution of ion channels.
Ion channels have formed by the modification of the prokaryotic porins, colicins, ABC
transporters. They can be catagorised into families and sub-families like the voltage-gated
channels and messanger-gated channels. Of these two, ligand-gated channels have evolved
recently. Moreover, Na+ and Ca2+ channels genes have evolved from K+ channel genes,
brought about by duplication and mutation..
More from angeldresses (20)
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron .pdf
Lewis Base is a substance that can gain electron .pdf
let 3x mole of Fe react then moles of H2O is 4x m.pdf
let 3x mole of Fe react then moles of H2O is 4x m.pdf
X is a vector space but has no basis.SolutionX is a vector spa.pdf
X is a vector space but has no basis.SolutionX is a vector spa.pdf
Usually NGS (Next generation sequencing) is extensively used in unde.pdf
Usually NGS (Next generation sequencing) is extensively used in unde.pdf
There are 15 members of the show choir. In how many ways can you arr.pdf
There are 15 members of the show choir. In how many ways can you arr.pdf
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carri.pdf
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carri.pdf
hexacyanoferrate(III) because the given radical i.pdf
hexacyanoferrate(III) because the given radical i.pdf
The answer is e) they would get stuck in the membrane of the endopla.pdf
The answer is e) they would get stuck in the membrane of the endopla.pdf
sorry bro...but where is section 5.2u might have missed postng th.pdf
sorry bro...but where is section 5.2u might have missed postng th.pdf
Pseudocode ExamplesChanged 15 December 1999A calculation is a st.pdf
Pseudocode ExamplesChanged 15 December 1999A calculation is a st.pdf
Process of transmission between A node and B nodeThere are differ.pdf
Process of transmission between A node and B nodeThere are differ.pdf
Halogenated waste note All halogen containing o.pdf
Halogenated waste note All halogen containing o.pdf
PbI2 is only very slightly soluble in water, so the following equili.pdf
PbI2 is only very slightly soluble in water, so the following equili.pdf
option D is correctA thermodynamic cycle starts with a system in a.pdf
option D is correctA thermodynamic cycle starts with a system in a.pdf
Fluorescence return from excited singlet state to.pdf
Fluorescence return from excited singlet state to.pdf
EDTA has 4 carboxylic acid groups, so adding a lo.pdf
EDTA has 4 carboxylic acid groups, so adding a lo.pdf
Ion channels are the membrane proteins which have pores. They allow .pdf
Ion channels are the membrane proteins which have pores. They allow .pdf
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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