Annotated Bibliography Part B Powerpoint
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The top three trends in healthcare according to the document are: 1) Cost and spending in healthcare which is influenced by factors like underuse, overuse, and misuse of healthcare resources. 2) Industry regulations which aim to implement public policy but can overwhelm healthcare workers with complexity and take focus off patient care. 3) Diversity in the healthcare workplace which is essential for sharing perspectives and ideas to better serve patients as the nation and industry become more diverse.
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The document discusses the concept, nature, characteristics, modes, materials, advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. E-learning refers to electronic learning using computer and web technology to support teaching and learning with a focus on the learner. It has advantages like easy access, flexibility, and ability to accommodate different learning styles, but also disadvantages like cost, lack of equipment, and potential negative health effects.
METODOLOGIA SCRUM
Scrum es una metodología ágil para el desarrollo de proyectos que se basa en iteraciones cortas llamadas "sprints". Los sprints incluyen reuniones diarias para revisar el progreso, una revisión al final del sprint, y una retrospectiva. Los roles clave son el dueño del producto, scrum master, y el equipo scrum. El proceso comienza con la creación de un backlog de producto que enumera los requisitos, luego el equipo selecciona elementos para cada sprint.
Chapter 2-operations-strategy
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Discussion Of Health Care System Essay Paper.docx
The document discusses factors that impact the US healthcare system. It argues that while healthcare is considered a basic human right, it operates as a privilege in the US due to many people remaining uninsured. Social determinants of health and health disparities also impact the system by influencing health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable groups, and how healthcare is provided through integrating social services. The seven key drivers identified by Appleby that influence rising healthcare costs are discussed, including fee-for-service reimbursement, an aging population, demand for new technologies, tax breaks for insurance, lack of information, industry consolidation, and supply/demand issues.
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docx
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
The future of healthcare 2019
Future of Healthcare – Leadership Challenges
Further to several additional expert workshops this year, we are delighted to share an updated global perspective on the future of healthcare. Produced in partnership with Duke Corporate Education (http://www.dukece.com), this adds new insights on the pivotal shifts taking place across the sector plus viewpoints on some of the core implications for leadership. Topics include the growing power of data; the rising impact of urbanisation on health; increasing patient centricity; the need for more flexible organisations and the move of innovation activity eastwards.
Available as both this report and as an accompanying presentation (https://www.slideshare.net/futureagenda2/future-of-healthcare-15-october-2019-182433390) this is now being used to inform and provoke further debate around the world. As ever we would like to thank all those who have given their time and insight to contribute to this project.
Essays On Health Care
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Healthcare systems
Healthcare is a major part of every country's development platform. By healthcare we are in fact protecting the most important driver of development. Healthcare systems are primarily safe guarding the development core engine and are the best means of sustainable development.
Future of healthcare 15 october 2019
Further to several additional expert workshops this year, we are delighted to share an updated global perspective on the future of healthcare. Produced in partnership with Duke Corporate Education (http://www.dukece.com), this adds new insights on the pivotal shifts taking place across the sector plus viewpoints on some of the core implications for leadership. Topics include the growing power of data; the rising impact of urbanisation on health; increasing patient centricity; the need for more flexible organisations and the move of innovation activity eastwards.
Available as both a report and as this accompanying presentation this is now being used to inform and provoke further debate around the world. As ever we would like to thank all those who have given their time and insight to contribute to this project.
In responding to your classmates, do you agree or disagree with thei
In responding to your classmates, do you agree or disagree with their conclusions on how economic principles should be balanced in healthcare decision making? Are there some industries, such as healthcare, where market principles should not apply?
Post # 1 :
Eric Staudter
Hello class,
My name is Eric and I am from Long Island, New York. My background is in exercise science, however I currently work in the pharmaceutical industry as a sales and service representative for a company that handles expired medication returns and controlled substance destruction for pharmacies, hospitals, and other clinics. I hope to gain a strong understanding of how the healthcare industry functions to be a profitable business throughout this course.
Applying these principles to the healthcare industry is important and comes with both positive and negative impacts. Scarcity is a situation that arises when the demand for goods or services is exceeded by what is actually available (Henderson, 2019). High-quality medical resources are mainly concentrated in large hospitals in big cities, making it difficult for patients in rural and remote areas to access them. Medical resources of high value are relatively scarce, presenting the problem of unbalanced supply and demand (Ye, et al 2019). This intense competition for high-value medical resources has been shown to have a significant positive impact on the adoption of telehealth (2019). This increases the availability of some medical resources to anyone with the means to access them virtually.
Supply and demand in healthcare serves as its economic foundation. The goal is to reach equilibrium which would maximize access to healthcare services at a price consumers and suppliers have a willingness to use. If a gap exists between supply and demand that disrupts equilibrium, it is not only contributing to a delay in meeting patients’ needs, but it can also be expensive and generate waste in the system (Institute for Healthcare Improvement). Since March 2020, the demand for many goods and services in hospitals plummeted due to voluntary social distancing and mandatory stay-at-home orders (Roberts, 2020). Discharge volume decreased across which increased the demand for beds however it actually prevented new patients from being seen due to the lack of supply. The sudden increase in demand for a hospital bed and the decrease in supply is related to a decrease in revenue in hospitals throughout the United States (2020). Under normal circumstances, supply and demand can be anticipated though.
I think that there are difficult situations in healthcare when attempting to apply economic principles to it. The market characteristics of healthcare are different from a perfectly competitive market. In healthcare, the product is heterogeneous, meaning the consumer could experience a range of outcomes (Scott, Solomon, & McGowan, 2001). There is also a lack of a market price and the insured have third-party payers covering their d ...
Defensive medicine effect on costs, quality, and access to healthcare
This document discusses the practice of defensive medicine and its effects. Defensive medicine occurs when doctors order unnecessary tests or procedures in an attempt to reduce malpractice liability. The document finds that defensive medicine increases healthcare costs and can lower quality by leading doctors to avoid high-risk patients or procedures. It also discusses how defensive medicine practices like unnecessary referrals and extra diagnostic tests can limit access to care. The document examines factors that contribute to defensive medicine and its negative impacts on healthcare systems.
7Expenditures, Cost Containment, and Quality of CareiSt.docx
7Expenditures, Cost Containment, and Quality
of Care
iStockphoto/Thinkstock
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
1. Discuss the relationship between expenditures and quality of care.
2. Explore the causes of inefficiency, waste, and cost overruns in American health care.
3. Outline the legal methods used to control, monitor, and remedy cost and quality problems in
American health care today.
4. Examine process improvement methods used by health care facilities that are designed to
eliminate redundancy and waste.
© 2019 Bridgepoint Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
Section 7.1The Current State of Affairs
Introduction
During the past century or so, medical care in the United States has shifted from individual
doctor–patient interactions, typically within an office setting, to interactions in health care
facilities that continue to grow larger and more complex. Modern American health care has
become more highly specialized, technology centered, and fragmented—a phenomenon that
has been anticipated since the mid-19th century. The English sociologist Herbert Spencer
(2004) observed that as society increases in complexity, so do its social institutions. The
bureaucratic explosion within health care, therefore, seems less a symptom of inefficiency
and institutionalized excess and more a part of the necessary, long-term development of spe-
cialized sectors within advanced industrialized society (Toulmin, 1990).
Today, early 20th-century forecasts seem to aptly describe the current state of affairs. Physi-
cians increasingly work in large, complex medical centers and practice settings and tend to
see their scope of professional discretion minimized and finitely defined. The fear of going
beyond those clear limits frequently causes physicians to practice medicine defensively,
sometimes forgoing the ends of patient care to do so. Practicing under such constraints has its
advantages but can also distract physicians from their professional duties. For many patients,
medical care has become akin to conveyer-belt production. Continuity of care once meant
having the same health care professionals in a lifelong relationship with the patient. In the
new era of medicine, care is more likely to involve patients being scuttled between sometimes
dozens of different caregivers, very few of whom will even remember the patient’s name or,
in some cases, even meet with the patient one on one. As a result, patients may become suspi-
cious of their caretakers, sometimes even assuming an adversarial stance where once there
would have been warm acceptance (Phillips & Benner, 1994).
Most health care administrators and managers enter the profession with clear priorities on
patient care but soon feel incessant economic and regulatory pressures to protect their insti-
tution’s finances and public image. This is certainly part of any good health care administra-
tor’s job d ...
POSITION PAPERPOSITION PAPER2Position PaperCa.docx
POSITION PAPER
POSITION PAPER 2
Position Paper
Candice Jacobs
Strayer University
PAD 510: Introduction to Public Policy Analysis
Instructor: Dr. Timothy Smith
Argument in Favor of the Policy
The affordable healthcare policy was enacted by Congress to address the issues of healthcare affordability and accessibility in the in the United States. This policy was aimed to remove the barriers that existed in the country in accessing healthcare services by the elderly and low-income earners. This policy has significant benefits to the American people. It provides subsidies which make healthcare affordable to all Americans. The policy has also made prescription drugs to cost less. This makes it possible for people, especially the low-income earners, to afford these drugs (Andrews et al., 2015).
Most Americans are now able to access healthcare insurance at affordable prices as a result of the implementation of the policy. It has also made it possible for people with preexisting conditions such as cancer to get health insurance, which helps them access healthcare at affordable prices (Blumenthal, Abrams & Nuzum, 2015). Before the policy was implemented, such people couldn't get healthcare insurance covers. Mores screening is also covered as a result of the implementation of the policy. People are screened and start their treatment early enough to prevent costly treatment at later stages of the disease.
Normative Argument
This policy ought to be improved to meet its objectives. The government ought to expand the subsidies to make coverage more affordable for low-income earners. Outreach and education also ought to be increased enrollment. Most people are unable to access affordable healthcare due to lack of education. Payment to doctors and hospitals also need to be capped to reduce premiums (Burgin, 2018). The individual mandate should also be replaced to prevent catastrophic costs to the buyers. The employer mandate should also be killed. This will significantly improve the benefits of the policy to all Americans.
Argument against the Policy
The affordable healthcare policy has affected Americans negatively in many ways. First, most people have to pay higher premiums. Most insurance organizations provide numerous benefits which make them more expensive for people who already had been insured. People can also be fined if they do not have insurance. This policy requires people to pay insurance each year. If you don’t pay, you may be fined. People believe that if one does not pay insurance, they are passing healthcare burden to those that pay (Béland, Rocco & Waddan, 2015).
The affordable healthcare policy is also increasing taxes. Several taxes were passed into law to help pay for the policy. More taxes were also imposed for higher-income earners. The wealthy are losing their money to fund the program. When the affordable healthcare website was being launched, it experienced various cha ...
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The document discusses developing advocacy campaigns to address frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). It summarizes two existing campaigns - the Food for Thought Campaign, which raises awareness and funds across 37 U.S. states and 10+ countries, and a campaign at One World Trade Center focusing on social media. The document proposes a new advocacy campaign utilizing celebrities and evidence to increase understanding of FTD symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention through education and collaboration between patients, families and medical professionals.
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Ethical and policy factors in care
This document discusses ethical and policy factors related to care coordination. It addresses how government policies like the Affordable Care Act and HIPAA affect care coordination and can create ethical dilemmas. The American Nurses Association has developed a code of ethics to guide nursing practices related to care coordination and emphasizes patient-centered care and collaborative leadership. Social determinants of health like socioeconomic status, education, and environment influence individuals' health outcomes.
HeadnoteGovernments with universal healthcare systems are increa.docx
Headnote
Governments with universal healthcare systems are increasingly bemoaning the costs of their systems and the need to contain these costs if affordable healthcare services are to be sustained into the future. In a bid to reduce the costs of healthcare, politicians and bureaucrats have championed the need for reform. Although avoiding the language of rationing, the kinds of 'reforms' being championed (eg. greater government regulation of universal health coverage, reducing reimbursement for medical costs, cutting funding to public hospitals) seem however, to be more concerned with restricting universal healthcare coverage, rather than reforming it.
The rhetoric of healthcare reforms has also had a political ideological objective shifting the provision of and accountability for public healthcare services to private sector providers. This objective has been pursued despite experts warning that such a shift will ultimately lead (and in some cases has already led) to inequities and unjust disparities in access to healthcare and related health outcomes, especially in vulnerable populations who cannot afford private health insurance.
Australia has not been immune from ideologically driven machinations about the sustainability of its universal healthcare scheme, ie. Medicare. Despite health expenditure in Australia reportedly reaching a record low for the period 2012-2013, there has been a political campaign of spreading false and misleading information about Medicare's sustainability (Keast 2015).This misinformation has included 'blaming' vulnerable populations (eg. an ageing demographic, the 'undeserving poor') for their allegedly disproportionate over-utilisation of public healthcare services and the need to curb this costly 'wanton' demand. What has been overlooked in this situation, however, is that a key driver of the spiraling costs of healthcare is not the over-utilisation of services by people in need, but rather 'the use of wasteful tests and treatments' prescribed by doctors (Tilburt & Cassel, 2013) together with the rising costs of drugs (driven by the business behaviours of the pharmaceutical industry) and medical technology, particularly in hospitals. Also overlooked is the problem of language and the tendency to treat the terms 'healthcare', 'hospital care', and 'medical care' as being synonymous, when they are not. Failure to distinguish what each of these terms refers to unnecessarily muddles debate about what healthcare reforms are needed as well as where and how these should occur.
Question of nursing ethics
The ethics of healthcare rationing has been the subject of debate for decades. This debate has primarily rested on the issue of whether it is ever acceptable to ration healthcare and, if so, on what grounds. It has also prompted unresolved controversies about the interests of individuals versus the collective interests of society in accessing limited healthcare resources and how best to balance these competing inter.
1 3Defining the ProblemRigina CochranMPA593August 1.docx
1
3Defining the Problem
Rigina CochranMPA/593
August 19, 2019
Peter ReevesDefining the Problem
The health care system in Colorado is a composition of medical professionals providing services such as diagnosis, treatment, as well as preventive measures to mental illness and injuries ("Healthcare policy in Colorado - Ballotpedia," 2019). Health care policy involves the establishment and implementation of legislation and other regulations that the states use to manage its health care system effectively. Further, this sector consists of other participants, such as insurance and health information technology. The cost citizens pay for medical care and also the access to quality care influence the overall health care providers in Colorado. Therefore, the need for the creation and implementation of laws that help the state maintain efficiency in the health sector in Colorado.
Problem Statement
The declining standards of medical care within the United States has caused significant concern in the world. Due to these rising concerns, there have been various policies implemented, leading to mixed reactions among the different states. Some of the active policies implemented offer a long-term solution to this problem including Medicaid and Medicare. After acquiring state control, the Republicans dismissed the idea to expand and create medical insurance for Medicaid in Colorado. Sustaining the structure of the health care payroll calls for the deductions from the employees and the employers, which may lead to loss of jobs and increased burden of expenditure (Garcia, 2019).
Identify the Methodology
The main objective of this policy plan is to investigate the role of legislation in the management of the health care sector in the United States. Due to the need for achieving in-depth exploration, this paper uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection by addressing both practical and theoretical aspects of the research. Based on the answers that the policy requires, choosing survey as the research design. This method involves collecting and analyzing data from a few people who represent the principal group within health care. However, the survey method faces some challenges such as attitudes and perception of the health workers leading to the delimitation of the study. The target population for the study includes the nurses within the health sectors in Colorado. The selection of the participants involved in the use of stratified random sampling.
Identify your Stakeholders
The major stakeholders in the creation and implementation of the policy plan include the legislatures, local government, patients, and other private parties such as the insurance companies. Collectively, these bodies are involved in the making of thousands of decisions, overseeing hospitals, making budgetary appropriations, assisting the health workers to acquire licenses, determination of services that the insurers cover, and the management of.
PA Healthcare Forum Insights
The document discusses improving health in communities by aligning incentives to make health profitable. It notes the US healthcare system is strained by chronic conditions exacerbated by an aging population. Experts discuss changing models and behaviors, and how to ensure healthcare reform improves overall community health rather than just preserving existing imbalances. Key ideas discussed include making health states profitable through business models, improving data sharing and transparency, and driving behavioral changes through community efforts.
The macro trends in healthcare and the associated career
This document discusses emerging macro trends in the US healthcare system and their impact on future healthcare jobs. It identifies key trends like changes in demographics, lifestyle, technology, and government policy that are shaping the healthcare system and employment landscape. The aging population and rise of chronic diseases will increase demand for roles like home health aides. Growing technology usage will create jobs for health IT analysts. Changes to government policy like the Affordable Care Act aim to provide more accessible insurance and create a need for health policy analysts. These macro trends will significantly impact both the healthcare industry and the jobs of the future.
J_Wojcikowski_TeamB_HCA_Healthcare_Industry_Labor_Employment_Analysis_Researc...
This document is a research paper analyzing employment and labor trends affecting Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) and the healthcare industry. It provides an overview of the healthcare industry and compares its growth to other industries. It also describes HCA, the largest for-profit healthcare company, and analyzes its employment data. The paper examines recent employment and unemployment trends in healthcare and how government regulations like the Affordable Care Act have impacted demand for healthcare workers.
4 replies one for each claudiamajor disasters and eme
This document discusses health policies and their impact on nursing practice, particularly during disasters and emergencies. It notes that health policies provide guidelines for patient care during normal times and can act as a "guiding light" during abnormal situations like disasters. Nurses must be trained on protocols and have a general understanding of what to do in emergencies in order to respond rapidly and effectively. The document also emphasizes that nurses should feel confident in their actions during emergencies and that their experiences can help inform future health policies.
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Annotated Bibliography Part B Powerpoint
- 1. Top 3 Trends in Healthcare BY SHONTEL GILBERT
- 2. Introduction The healthcare industry consist of a very complex system. The future of the healthcare system greatly depends on certain trends. The top three trends in healthcare include: Cost and spending Industry regulations Diversity in the workplace
- 3. Cost and Spending Cost and spending is important because it is influenced by economic growth (Wilensky, 2014, p.427 ). As of today, healthcare is mainly dependent upon high healthcare premium payments. Although working Americans pay Medicaid taxes, some still are not fully covered. Healthcare cost and spending is high in the industry for three reasons: it is constantly being underused, misused, and overused. Healthcare is being underused because some people simply do not trust the healthcare system. It is being overused by physicians to focus on reimbursement. Misuse or medical errors are caused by lack of sleep, poor judgement, and lack of resources or training.
- 4. Industry Regulations Regulations are rules in healthcare used to help implement public policy. Examples of regulations would be The Affordable Care Act and the Health Insurance Probability Accountability Act (HIPAA). Regulations are important because they must be followed closely while giving patients the best quality care. They often cause most healthcare organizations to be scrutinized (Reagan, Herzig, Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Dick, Stone, Divya Srinath, 2015, p.351). Industry regulations affect the current state of healthcare because they could seem overwhelming to healthcare workers and managers due to how complex they are. Also regulations often take the focus off of delivering quality health services to patients. Although regulations can benefit the healthcare industry as a whole, it can also enable it in some areas.
- 5. Diversity in the Workplace Diversity in the healthcare industry is essential to the functioning of the organization. Our nation as well as the healthcare industry is becoming more and more diverse everyday due to the increase in efforts to be so. Diversity allows healthcare workers and leaders to share ideas and experiences to better benefit the organization. Diversity contributes to finding solutions that may be more difficult to come about with people who share the same views of the world. Diversity in the healthcare industry is something that can not be looked over for it shapes the perspectives and beliefs of all individuals (Betancourt, Beiter, Landry, 2013, p.905).
- 6. Conclusion These trends currently have the biggest impact on the healthcare industry. Shifts in the healthcare industry impact everyone from the healthcare leader to the patient. With the healthcare industry being so dynamic, new trends often come up unexpectedly. Most trends can not be controlled and are very unpredictable. A company should respond to these trends by working to ensure that these are not challenges that they have to face. Minimizing conflict among health care organizations is what will take pressure off of the big issues. Identifying and acting on these trends are what helps an organization succeed.
- 7. References Betancourt, J. R., Beiter, S., & Landry, A. (2013). Improving Quality, Achieving Equity, and Increasing Diversity in Healthcare: The Future is Now. Journal Of Best Practices In Health Professions Diversity: Education, Research & Policy, 6(1), 903-917 15p. Reagan, J., Herzig, C. T., Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M., Dick, A. W., Stone, P. W., & Divya Srinath, J. (2015). State Law Mandates for Reporting of Healthcare- Associated Clostridium difficile Infections in Hospitals. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 36(3), 350-352 3p. doi:10.1017/ice.2014.61 Wilensky, G. R. (2014). Is Slower Health Care Spending a Part of Our Future? Milbank Quarterly, 92(3), 426-429.