This document outlines key concepts of professional ethics in engineering, including morals, values, and the importance of integrity and work ethic. It emphasizes ethical decision-making processes, the significance of business ethics, and the role of civic virtue and respect for others in fostering a cooperative and positive work environment. Additionally, it discusses the integration of yoga and meditation practices for personal and professional excellence, highlighting the holistic development of individuals in the workplace.

1. GE6075 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN
ENGINEERING
Unit 1
Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service
learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully –
Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time –
Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence –
Character – Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for
professional excellence and stress management.
by
Dr.B.Monica Jenefer
HOD/CSE

2. Ethics Defined
• Moral codes are the rules that establish the boundaries
of generally accepted behavior.
• Morality refers to social conventions about right and
wrong human conduct.
• Ethics are beliefs regarding right and wrong behavior.
• Virtues are habits that incline us to do what is
acceptable.
• Vices are habits that incline us to do what is
unacceptable.
• Value System is the complex scheme of moral values

3. The Importance of Integrity
• Integrity is used to refer to people who act in
ways that are consistent with their own code
of principles.
• You often reflect on your principles when you
consider what you “ought” to do in different
situations.

4. Ethics in the Business World
• Globalization of organizations has created a
complex business world.
• Risk is the likelihood of a negative event times
the impact of the event.

5. Why Business Ethics are Important
• Protect the organization and its employees
from legal action.
• Create an organization that operates
consistently.
• Produce good business.
• Avoid unfavorable publicity.
• Gain the goodwill of the community.

6. Code of Conduct
• A guide that highlights an organization’s key ethical
issues and identifies the overarching values and
principles that are important to the organization
and that can help in decision making.
• The code of conduct helps ensure that employees:
– Abide by the law.
– Follow necessary regulations.
– Behave in an ethical manner.

7. Ethical Decision Making
1. Get the facts.
2. Identify the stakeholders and their positions.
3. Consider the consequences of your decision.
4. Weigh various guidelines and principles (Virtue,
Utilitarian, Fairness, Common Good).
5. Develop and evaluate options.
6. Review your decision.
7. Evaluate the results of your decision.

8. Four Common Approaches Used in Ethical Decision-Making
Approach to Dealing with Moral Issues Principle
Virtue Approach The ethical choice is the one that best
reflects moral virtues in ourselves and
our community
Utilitarian Approach The ethical choice is the one that
produces the greatest excess of benefits
over harm.
Fairness Approach The ethical choice is the one that treats
everyone the same and does not show
favoritism or discrimination
Common Good Approach The ethical choice is the on one that
advances the common good.

9. Ethics in Information Technology
• The increased use of information technology
has raised many ethical issues for today’s IT
professional.
– Licensing of IT professionals
– Internet communication
– Intellectual property
– Employee/employer issues

10. Work ethic
• Work ethic is a set of values based on hard work and diligence. It is
also a belief in the moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance
character. A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative, or
pursuing new skills.
• Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for
better positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion.
• Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be regarded as
failing to provide fair value for the wage the employer is paying them
and should not be promoted or placed in positions of greater
responsibility.
• Work ethic is not just hard work but also a set of accompanying
virtues, whose crucial role in the development and sustaining of free
markets.

11. What Is Service-Learning?
• Service-Learning is a teaching and learning
strategy that integrates meaningful
community service with instruction and
reflection to enrich the learning experience,
teach civic responsibility, and strengthen
communities.

12. Differentiating Service-Learning from Other Forms of Education
• Experiential Learning: The knowledge and skills
acquired through life, work experience and study
which have not been formally attested through any
educational or professional certification.
• Internship: A work-related learning experience for
individuals who wish to develop hands on work
experience in a certain occupational field
• Practicum: A college course that is designed to give
students supervised practical application of a
previously studied theory

13. Civic virtue
• Civic virtue is the moral underpinning of how a citizen behaves
and is involved in society. It is a standard of righteous behavior in
relation to a citizens’ involvement in society.
• A individual may exhibit civic virtue by voting, volunteering and
organizing other community activities.
• Without an understanding of civic virtue, citizens are less likely to
look beyond their families, friends and economic interests.
• They are less likely to help others in the community, to volunteer
their time, to give to nonprofit organizations or to participate in
group activity that benefits society.
• Related ideas for civic virtue are citizenship, philanthropy, public
good, voluntarism and social capital.

14. Respect for others
• Respect is a feeling of admiration or deference toward a
person, group, ideal, or indeed almost any entity or
concept, as well as specific actions and conduct
representative of that esteem.
• Whether between spouses, friends, coworkers, or
business acquaintances, if there is a history of mutual
respect and sincere gratitude, the people involved are
generally happier and more successful. We live in a world
where there are many differences between people, but
with an open mind and an appreciation of each person’s
contributions to this world, we strengthen our
relationships and our community.

15. How to Show Respect
• Listen it sounds easy, but listening–truly listening–can be
one of the hardest skills to master. If you want a person to
know you respect him or her, then tune into what that
person is saying. Look them in the eye and offer feedback
when necessary. Everyone appreciates the person who
willing listens to them and shows genuine interest in what
they have to say.
• Encourage If you’ve ever had a bad day, then you know the
power a little encouragement can have. We’ve all had
moments when we need someone to tell us, “don’t worry,
things will work out.” It might not seem like much at the
time, but that person will remember that you took the
time, care and respect for him/her.

16. How to Show Respect
• Congratulate If someone does a great job, let them know about it. In
fact, let everyone know about it. Openly congratulate someone for a job
well done, especially if you’re a manager. Employees will work harder
and happier knowing their manager has a mutual respect for them and is
willing to express praise and gratitude when it’s deserved.
• Be Helpful If you find a friend or coworker in a jam, be willing to help
them if at possible. Not to say you should take on half their project, but
offering some advice or throwing in a bit of your time will mean a lot. If
that friend or coworker has helped you in the past, then returning the
favor will be a nice way to show both your respect and gratitude.
• Say Thank You I’m sure this one seems like common sense, but many
people just forget to say thank you or at least forget how to say it with
sincerity. A thank you can be as small as two words or as much as buying
someone a gift; nevertheless, if the action is not done with 100%
sincerity then it is wasted. Make sure people know you appreciate them
and their actions.

17. Living Peaceful
Our principle of ‘Peaceful living’ centers on the ethical and sustainable
application of technologies which would aim to provide basic needs for
everyone without compromising the planet’s resources. Here are the
steps which can help you to discover your journey towards living in
peace.
– Seek to love, not control others. ...
– Find Your Inner Peace. ...
– Moderate your convictions. ...
– Be tolerant. ...
– Be Peace. ...
– Reflection of thought. ...
– Seek forgiveness, not revenge. ...
– Live in joy.
– Be the change you wish to see in the World.

18. Caring
Being caring allows you to have empathy for others and to live
a life based on affection, love, and compassion for the people
around you. Being caring means providing a listening ear,
noticing when someone needs help, and helping your
community without asking for a reward. If you want to know
how to be more caring today, see Steps to get started.
– Be polite: You don't have to be overly formal to be polite. You just
have to be considerate of other people and make them feel
comfortable in your presence.
– Be affectionate: Actions really can speak louder than words
sometimes. Though telling a person you care can make a big
difference, sometimes giving that person a hug or putting your arm
around him or her can have that extra impact.
– Listen to people: When someone is talking to you, make eye contact,
put away your phone or other distractions, and don't interrupt them.

19. Caring Steps to get started
• Be more generous: Being generous, whether it's with your
time or your money, can go a long way in being a more
caring person.
• Treat others like you want to be treated: If you want to be
more caring, then you have to be kind and thoughtful
toward others, and think of how you would feel if you
were in their shoes.
• Be considerate of others: Being considerate is another
major aspect of being caring. If you want to be
considerate, then you have to respect the people around
you, and to avoid making a nuisance of yourself.

20. Sharing
• Sharing is the joint use of a resource or space. In its narrow sense, it
refers to joint or alternating use of inherently finite goods, such as a
common pasture or a shared residence. It is also the process of
dividing and distributing.
• Apart from obvious instances, which we can observe in human activity,
we can also find many examples of this happening in nature.
• When an organism takes in nutrition or oxygen for instance, its internal
organs are designed to divide and distribute the energy taken in, to
supply parts of its body that need it. Flowers divide and distribute their
seeds.
• In a broader sense, it can also include free granting of use rights to
goods that can be treated as non rival goods, such as information,
things and so on

21. Honesty
• Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and connotes
positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness,
straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of conduct,
along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
• Furthermore, honesty means being trustworthy, loyal, fair,
and sincere.
• Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures .
• "Honesty is the best policy" is a proverb of Benjamin Franklin;
• "Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom" proverb
of Thomas Jefferson.

22. Courage
• Courage (also called bravery, bravado or
valour) is the choice and willingness to
confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty or
intimidation. Physical courage is courage in
the face of physical pain, hardship, death or
threat of death, while moral courage is the
ability to act rightly in the face of popular
opposition, shame, scandal, discouragement,
or personal loss.

23. Valuing Time
• A first step in good time management is to understand the
value of your time.
• If you are employed by someone else, you need to
understand how much your employer is paying for your time,
and how much profit he or she expects to make from you.
• If you are working for yourself, you should have an idea of
how much income you want to bring in after tax. By working
these figures back to an hourly rate, this gives you an idea of
the value of your time.
• By knowing the value of your time, you should be able to tell
what tasks are worthwhile to perform, and which tasks give a
poor return. This helps you cut away the low value jobs, or
argue for help with them.

24. Cooperation
• Cooperation is the process of groups of organisms working or
acting together for common or mutual benefit, as opposed to
working in competition for selfish benefit.
• Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other
members of their own species and with members of other species
Commitment
•Commitment is willingness to give your time and energy to something
that you believe in, or a promise or firm decision to do something.
Commitment means acceptance of the responsibilities and
duties and cooperation means help and assistance. By developing team
commitment and cooperation in a work team you are assisting the team
to meet its goals and objectives. Work teams that are committed and
cooperative are more likely to achieve the goals the business has set.

25. Empathy
• Empathy is the ability to mutually experience
the thoughts, emotions, and direct experience
of others.
• The ability to understand another person’s
circumstances, point of view, thoughts, and
feelings is empathy.
• When experiencing empathy, you are able to
understand someone else’s internal
experiences.

26. Self Confidence
• Self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in one's
personal judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes
manifested excessively. Being confident in yourself is
infectious if you present yourself well, others will want
to follow in your foot steps towards success.
• Promise yourself, no matter how difficult the problem
life throws at you, that you will try as hard as you can
to help yourself.
• You acknowledge that sometimes your efforts to help
yourself may not result in success, as often being
properly rewarded is not in your control.

27. Character
• Character traits are all the aspects of a person's behavior and attitudes that
make up that person's personality. Everyone has character traits, both good
and bad.
• Some character traits have to do with your underlying values or beliefs.
Some examples of these types of character traits include: Religious, Honest,
Loyal, Devoted, Loving, Kind, Sincere, Devoted, Ambitious, Satisfied, Happy,
Faithful, Patient, Determined, Persistent, Adventurous, Homebody,
Considerate, Cooperative, Cheerful, Optimistic, Pessimistic, Funny.
• Some character traits can be bad, and you may not want these traits
associated with you. Some examples of these types of character traits
include: Dishonest, Disloyal, Unkind, Mean, Rude, Disrespectful, Impatient,
Greedy, Angry, Pessimistic, Repugnant, Cruel, Unmerciful, Wicked,
Obnoxious, Malicious, Grumpy, Quarrelsome, Caustic, Selfish, Unforgiving

28. Character
• A leader or person who likes to be in charge may have the
following character traits: Domineering, Boorish,
Persuasive, Ambitious, Bossy, Disparaging, Picky, Sly, Cold-
hearted, Rude, Self-centered, Conceited
• Some character traits can be consciously developed,
learned or acquired. For example, character traits that you
may consciously choose to learn or adopt include:
Educated or Informed
• Some character traits for children include: Playful, Zany,
Active, Wild, Silly, Affectionate, Funny, Rough, Talkative,
Rowdy, Smart, Fidgety, Shy, Lively, Submissive, Stubborn

29. Spirituality
• Spirituality is the concept of an ultimate or an alleged immaterial
reality, an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence
of his/her being; or the "deepest values and meanings by which
people live.
• Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and
contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life.
• Spiritual experiences can include being connected to a larger
reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; joining with other
individuals or the human community; with nature or the cosmos;
or with the divine realm.
• Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or
orientation in life. It can encompass belief in immaterial realities
or experiences of the immanent or transcendent nature of the
world.

30. Introduction to Yoga and
meditation for professional
excellence and stress management

31. YOGA
• Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance and
health to the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual
dimensions of the individual, when adopted as a way of life,
yoga improves physical, mental, intellectual, and spiritual
health.
• Yoga offers an effective method of managing and reducing
stress, anxiety, and depression, and numerous studies
demonstrate the efficacy of yoga on mood-related disorders.
• Yoga is often depicted metaphorically as a tree and comprises
eight aspects, or limbs: yama (universal ethics), niyama
(individual ethics), asana (physical postures), pranayama
(breath control), pratyahara (control of the senses), dharana
(concentration), dyana (meditation), and samadhi (bliss).

32. Tree of Yoga
• When one thinks about Yoga today,
the first thing that comes to mind is
the physical practice of postures, or
Asana.
• As described in Patañjali’s Yoga Sutras,
Asana is only 1 of the 8 limbs of Yoga.
• Applying the other 7 will not only
deepen our physical and spiritual
practice but also help take our yoga
off the mat and into our daily lives.
• To help better understand how the 8-
step path comes all together,
• BKS Iyengar’s representation of the

33. 1.Roots: Foundation for living honorably and clearly
Yama – a list of outward observances representing principles of
ethical behavior
– Ahimsa – non harming, compassion for self and others
– Satya – truthfulness, being honest with ourselves and others
– Asteya – non-stealing, freeing oneself from the desire to have
something that has not earned or paid for
– Brahmacharya – wise and balanced use of energy
– Aparigraha – non-attachment, living with generosity of spirit and action
2.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s body and mind
Niyama – Inward personal observances that improve the self and
surrounding relations
– Sauca – cleanliness in one’s body, mind, and surroundings, treating our
body as a temple
– Santosha – practice of contentment, seeing the good in things, counting
one’s blessings
– Tapas – heat, energy of self-transformation to promote a healthy mind,
soul and body

34. 3.Trunk: Establishing a base of purity in one’s
body and mind
Niyama – Inward personal observances that
improve the self and surrounding relations
– Sauca – cleanliness in one’s body, mind, and
surroundings, treating our body as a temple
– Santosha – practice of contentment, seeing the
good in things, counting one’s blessings
– Tapas – heat, energy of self-transformation to
promote a healthy mind, soul and body
– Svadhyaya – study of texts and self study
– Isvarapranidhana – letting go of ego, a feeling of
being an expression of the whole universe

35. 4.Branches: Strong and flexible to move with the wind of life
Asana –physical practice of yogic postures
5.Leaves: Drawing in life force through the exchange of breath
Pranayama –mastering the science of breath, breath control
6.Bark: Protecting the tree from outer elements and
preventing its essence from flowing outward
Pratyahara –turning awareness inward, sense withdrawal
7.Sap: Juice which carries the energy on this inward journey,
links the whole tree as one
Dharana –focused state of concentration, bringing the mind
to a single point of focus
8.Fruit: The essence of the tree
Samadhi –bliss, to feel unity, peace, freedom

36. The role of yoga in stress management
• Hans Selye first introduced the term stress into life science. The
term stress is derived from the Latin word Stringere, which
means “to be drawn tight.”
• Stress is a complex, dynamic process of interaction between a
person and his or her life. Stress can affect one’s health, work
performance, social life, and the relationship with family
members.
• Eminent behavioral scientist Stephen Robbins defines stress as
that which arises from an opportunity, demand, constraint,
threat, or challenge, when the outcomes of the event are
important and uncertain.
• Stress can also be defined as the harmful physical and emotional
responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not
match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker.

37. The role of yoga in stress management..
• Job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Hence
we can say that stress is a silent killer, and prolonged
exposure to stress may exert harmful effects on physical,
psychological, and behavioral well-being of an individual.
• According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, 80% of workers experience job stress.
• Kulkarni, in an article “Burnout” published in Indian Journal
of occupational and Environmental Medicine, has said that
the rapid change of the modern working life is associated
with increasing demands of learning new skills, the need to
adapt to new types of work, pressure of higher productivity
and quality of work, time pressure, and hectic jobs. These
factors are increasing stress among the workforce .

38. IMPACT OF STRESS
One of the studies quoted that stress-related
disorders evolve gradually through four
recognizable stages.
1.In the first, psychological changes such as anxiety, irritability,
and insomnia arise, due to over-stimulation of the
sympathetic nervous system.
2.In the second stage symptoms such as high blood pressure,
elevated heart rate, and increased intestinal motility surface.
3.In the third stage, a more profound physical or biochemical
imbalance sets in,
4.In the final fourth stage, irreversible symptoms that often
require surgical or long-term management appear.

39. IMPACT OF STRESS
• Increased sympathetic activation and the release of stress
hormones, including adrenaline, lead to increases in heart
rate, blood pressure, breathing, body temperature, and
muscle tension.
• In contrast, the relaxation response has been proposed as
an antidote to stress; relaxation decreases heart rate,
breathing, body temperature, and muscle tension.
• Similar to stress in the workplace, college students are also
often impacted by stress. Academic stress can result from
many different imperative stressors, such as final grades,
term papers, examinations, and excessive homework. Stress
has exhibited a negative correlation with cognitive
performance

40. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS …..
• A growing body of research evidence supports the belief that certain
yoga techniques may improve physical and mental health through down-
regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the
sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
• The HPA axis and SNS are triggered as a response to a physical or
psychological demand (stressor), leading to a cascade of physiologic,
behavioral, and psychological effects, primarily as a result of the release
of cortisol and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
• This response leads to the mobilization of energy needed to combat the
stressor through the classic fight-or-flight response.
• Over time, the constant state of hyper vigilance resulting from repeated
firing of the HPA axis and SNS can lead to dysregulation of the system,
and ultimately diseases such as obesity, diabetes, autoimmune disorders,
depression, substance abuse, and cardiovascular disease. Studies also
show that yoga decreases levels of salivary cortisol, blood glucose, as
well as plasma renin levels, and 24-hour urine norepinephrine and
epinephrine levels.

41. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
• Yoga significantly decreases heart rate and systolic and diastolic
blood pressure.
• Studies suggest that yoga reverses the negative impact of stress
on the immune system by increasing levels of immunoglobulin A
as well as natural killer cells.
• Yoga has been found to decrease markers of inflammation such as
high sensitivity C-reactive protein as well as inflammatory
cytokines such as interleukin-6 and lymphocyte-1B. These studies
suggest that yoga has an immediate quieting effect on the SNS-
HPA axis response to stress. While the precise mechanism of
action has not been determined, it has been hypothesized that
some yoga exercises cause a shift toward parasympathetic
nervous system dominance, possibly via direct vagal stimulation.
Shapiro et al noted significant reductions in low-frequency heart
rate variability (HRV)—a sign of sympathetic nervous system

42. EFFECT OF YOGA IN STRESS
• Regardless of the pathophysiologic pathway, yoga has been
shown to have immediate psychological effects: decreasing
anxiety and increasing feelings of emotional, social, and spiritual
well-being.
• Several literature reviews have been conducted that examined
the impact of yoga on specific health conditions, including
cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer,
and anxiety.
• Another study has shown improvement of mental health of both
the young and seniors by reducing stress through yoga. Yoga can
be wisely applied in welfare programs to improve the quality of
life in all age groups.
• Yogic science includes yogasanas (postures), pranayama
(breathing practices), dhyana (meditation), and relaxation

43. References
1. www.cosc.brocku.ca/~jradue/2p50/slides/chap01.ppt
2. https://www.gwu.edu/~rpsol/service-learning/.../Service-Learning
%20PowerPoint.ppt
3. https://www.bastiansolutions.com/blog/index.php/2011/04/06/5-easy-ways-to-
show-people-
respect-and-gratitude/
4. http://srecwarangal.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/peve-unit-1.pdf
5. http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Caring
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honesty
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courage
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation
10. http://examples.yourdictionary.com/character-trait-examples.html
11. http://benoityoga.com/tree-of-yoga/
12. http://mdcurrent.in/patients/role-yoga-stress-management/

45. Thank You
– Whatever you think, that You are.
– If not YOU , Then Who?
– This Too, shall Pass
– Be Positive
– Don’t Fear