Anime began in early 20th century Japan and was influenced by animation from other countries. It developed its own style in the 1960s under pioneers like Osamu Tezuka. Anime is now popular worldwide and represents many genres of fiction. It is distributed via television, video, film and online. While hand-drawn, some anime is now computer animated. Color, camera techniques, and diverse story themes are key elements in anime production. Anime has had significant cultural impacts in both Japan and the West.

1. Anime

2. What is anime ?
While the earliest known Japanese animation dates to 1917, and many original
Japanese cartoons were produced in the ensuing decades, the characteristic anime
style developed in the 1960s—notably with the work of Osamu Tezuka—and became
known outside Japan in the 1980s.
Anime, like manga, has a large audience in Japan and recognition throughout the
world. Distributors can release anime via television broadcasts, directly to video, or
theatrically, as well as online.
Both hand-drawn and computer-animated anime exist. It is used in television series,
films, video, video games, commercials, and internet-based releases, and represents
most, if not all, genres of fiction. As the market for anime increased in Japan, it also
gained popularity in East and Southeast Asia. Anime is currently popular in many
different regions around the world.

3. History
Anime began at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with
the animation techniques also pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia.[3]
The oldest known anime in existence first screened in 1917 – a two-minute clip of a samurai
trying to test a new sword on his target, only to suffer defeat.[4][5] Early pioneers included
Shimokawa Oten, Jun'ichi Kouchi, and Seitarō Kitayama.[6]
By the 1930s animation became an alternative format of storytelling to the live-action industry
in Japan. But it suffered competition from foreign producers and many animators, such as
Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata still worked in cheaper cutout not cel animation, although
with masterful results The 1970s saw a surge of growth in the popularity of manga – many of
them later animated. The work of Osamu Tezuka drew particular attention: he has been called
a "legend"[13] and the "god of manga".[14][15] His work – and that of other pioneers in the field
– inspired characteristics and genres that remain fundamental elements of anime today. The
giant robot genre (known as "Mecha" outside Japan), for instance, took shape under Tezuka,
developed into the Super Robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at
the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino who developed the Real Robot genre. Robot anime
like the Gundam and The Super Dimension Fortress Macross series became instant classics in
the 1980s, and the robot genre of anime is still one of the most common in Japan and
worldwide today. In the 1980s, anime became more accepted in the mainstream in Japan
(although less than manga), and experienced a boom in production. Following a few
successful adaptations of anime in overseas markets in the 1980s, anime gained increased
acceptance in those markets in the 1990s and even more at the turn of the 21st century.

5. Coloring is added to give eyes, particularly to the cornea, some depth. The depth is
accomplished by applying variable color shading. Generally, a mixture of a light shade, the
tone color, and a dark shade is used.[29][30] Cultural anthropologist Matt Thorn argues that
Japanese animators and audiences do not perceive such stylized eyes as inherently more or
less foreign.[31]
.[34]

7. Anime has become commercially profitable in western countries, as early commercially
successful western adaptations of anime, such as Astro Boy, have revealed.[52] The phenomenal
success of Nintendo's multi-billion dollar Pokémon franchise[53] was helped greatly by the spin-
off anime series that, first broadcast in the late 1990s, is still running worldwide to this day. In
doing so, anime has made significant impacts upon Western culture. Since the 19th century,
many Westerners have expressed a particular interest towards Japan. Anime dramatically
exposed more Westerners to the culture of Japan. Aside from anime, other facets of Japanese
culture increased in popularity.[54] Worldwide, the number of people studying Japanese
increased. In 1984, the Japanese Language Proficiency Test was devised to meet increasing
demand.[55] Camera effects
Camera angles, camera movement, and lighting play an important role in scenes. Directors often
have the discretion of determining viewing angles for scenes, particularly regarding
backgrounds. In addition, camera angles show perspective.[43] Directors can also choose camera
effects within cinematography, such as panning, zooming, facial closeup, and panoramic.[44]
Story themes
A wide variety of stories have been adapted into anime. They are sourced from Japanese history,
classical literature, and even adult-oriented themes. While animation for children exists, most
anime are intended for an older audience.[45]

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