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Animals Evolved Over Time (隨著時間演化的動物).ppsx
The document summarizes the evolution of 15 different animal species from their early ancestors to their modern forms. Some key points discussed include: - Sloths evolved from elephant-sized ground sloths to the tree-dwelling sloths of today. - Whales descended from carnivorous land mammals like Andrewsarchus that lived over 40 million years ago. - Goldfish were derived from the Prussian carp native to Siberia through selective breeding in Chinese ponds. - Birds evolved from feathered, bird-like omnivorous dinosaurs like Heyuannia that lived millions of years ago. - Dogs descended from grey wolves that interbred with an unknown extinct canine species.
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Animals Evolved Over Time (隨著時間演化的動物).ppsx
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- 2. Foreword Humans are notthe only ones who are constantly developing. Most of the following 15 animals, over time, have past the point of recognition, be it human domestication or natural selection that drove them to that change. Some of these animals are cute, some of them are very cool looking, while others are outright scary. I won't hold you down any longer, go and learn more about the amazing animal world with 15 amazing transformations. 前言 人類並不是唯一不斷在發展的族類。 隨著時間的推移，以下 15 種動物，大多數都已超越 了識別點，無論是人類馴化還是自然抉擇，驅使它們發 生種種改變。 這些動物有些很可愛，有些看起來很酷，但有些則非 常可怕。 不耽誤時間了，來瞭解 15 種動物世界的神奇變化吧。
- 3. Sloths Evolution has playeda bad joke on sloths. Once, elephant-sized ground sloths of numerous species from the genus Megatherium were roaming the lands of South America. For reasons unknown, these animals were ultimately ousted onto trees and turned into the cute arboreal critters we recognize as sloths today. 樹懶 進化論對樹懶開了個很糟糕的玩笑。來自 「大地懒」像大象 般的地懶，種類繁多，曾經在南美洲土地上漫遊。 由於未知的原因，這些動物最終被趕到樹上，成為我們今天 可愛的樹棲生物 樹懶。 Megatherium 大地懒
- 4. It is anextinct genus of ground sloths endemic to South America that lived from the Early Pliocene through the end of the Pleistocene. 它是南美洲特有已滅絕的 大地懶，生活在 上新世 早期 到更新世 末期。 Megatherium 大地懒
- 5. Whales This is thetransformation! Widely believed to be the mutual ancestor of both whales and hippos, *Andrewsarchus was an elephant-sized carnivore that lived in central Asia more than 40 million years ago. It may have been the largest carnivorous mammal that ever lived on solid ground. 鯨魚 這就是 轉化！ 眾所周知，「安氏獸 」是鯨魚和河馬的共同祖先，它是一 種大象般的食肉動物，生活在 4,000 萬年前的中亞。 它是生活在地面上最大的食肉哺乳動物。 Andrewsarchus 安氏獸
- 6. *A very largecarnivorous mammal . 一種非常大的食肉哺乳動物 Andrewsarchus 安氏獸
- 7. Goldfish Goldfish are someof the most popular pets in the world today. Genetic analysis reveals that goldfish are actually hybrid descendants of the Prussian carp, native to Siberia. Today's goldfish species come from decorative ponds that were popular in Chinese aristocratic homes 2,000 years ago. 金魚 金魚是當今世界上最受歡迎的寵物之一。 經遺傳分析，金魚實際上是原產於西伯利亞的「普魯士鯉魚」的雜交後代。 今天的 金魚品種，來自 2,000 年前 中國貴族家庭中流行的觀賞池塘。 Prussian carp 普魯士鯉類
- 8. The Prussian carpresembles the crucian carp and grows to about 10 to 35 cm in length. Its scales are larger than those of the crucian carp. 普魯士鯉 與鯽魚類似，長約 10~35 厘米。 鱗片比鯽魚的大。 Prussian carp 普魯士鯉類
- 9. Heyuannia 河源龍 Birds It may bedifficult to comprehend, all birds on Earth are descendants of dinosaurs. Whole groups of bird-like omnivorous dinosaurs like the picture called Heyuannia were discovered by archeologists. Both these transitional species and genetic analysis make researchers believe that birds and dinosaurs are more closely related than we would like to admit. 鳥類 可能很難理解，地球上所有的鳥類都是恐龍的後代。整群類似鳥 類的雜食性恐龍，如圖示「河源龍」，被考古學家發現了。 這些過渡物種的遺傳分析，鳥類和恐龍之間的關係，比我們認知 的更為密切。
- 10. Heyuannia It is agenus of oviraptorid dinosaurs, whose fossils were found in Heyuan City, Guangdong, China. 河源龍 是偷蛋龍科恐龍的一屬，化石發 現於中國廣東河源市。
- 11. Aurochs 野牛 Cows Aurochs is theancestor of cattle first domesticated by humans around 10,000 years ago. We have much to thank these majestic creatures, as they helped people transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural one. 奶牛 「野牛」是牛類的祖先，大約一萬年前被人類首次馴化。 我們非常感謝 這些雄偉的動物，因為牠們幫助人類 從狩獵採集 生活 過渡到 農業生活方式。
- 12. Aurochs is theancestor of cattle. Once widespread all throughout Asia, Europe, and North Africa, the species was extinct by 1627. 野牛是牛類的祖先。該物種曾經廣泛分佈於亞洲、歐洲 和北非，但是到 1627 年就滅絕了。 Aurochs 野牛
- 13. Dolphins Dolphins are oneof the smartest species on the planet. They stem from a small omnivorous mammal "Indohyus", about the size of a raccoon that had pig-like features and lived in Asia millions of years ago. 海 豚 海 豚 是 地 球 上 最 聰 明 的 物 種 之 一 。 它 們 起 源 於 一 種 小 型 雜 食 性 哺 乳 動 物 「 印 多 霍 斯 獸 」 ， 大 約 有 浣 熊 大 小 ， 具 有 豬 一 樣 的 特 徵 ， 數 百 萬 年 前 生 活 在 亞 洲 。 Indohyus 印多霍斯獸
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- 15. Dogs It was adispute for a long time, but genetic analysis and cross-breeding experiments prove that all dog species, yes, even the cute corgis on the Internet, come from a mutual pack of Grey Wolves that interbred with another unknown and now extinct canine species. 犬類 爭論由來已久，但基因分析和雜交實驗證明，所有犬種， 甚至可愛的 柯基犬，都來自一群相互交配的「灰狼」， 它們與另一種 未知已滅絕的狼，雜交而形成犬科動物。 Grey wolves 灰狼
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- 17. Sharks The ancestor ofsharks called “Helicoprion” inhabited the oceans more than 290 million years ago. All fossils of this species feature the so-called “tooth whorls”, attached to the lower or upper jaw of the animal. The nature and purpose of these creepy contraptions aren’t clear to this day. 鯊魚 鯊魚的祖先稱為「旋齒鯊」，它在 2.9 億多年 前居住在海洋中。該物種的化石都具有所謂的 「牙輪」，附著在動物的下頜或上頜。這些毛骨 悚然的裝置，其性質和用途至今仍不清楚。 Helicoprion 旋齒鯊
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- 19. Eurohippus 歐 馬 Horses Eurohippus isan archaic animal that inhabited Earth around 50 million years ago. It was quite small, about the size of a small dog like a corgi, but its anatomy, especially the digestive and reproductive systems resembled modern horses. 馬 「歐馬」是古老動物，大約在 5,000 萬年前居住在地球上。牠非常小， 大約和 柯基犬 一樣大小，解剖顯示「歐馬」的結構，尤其是消化和生 殖系統，與現代馬類似。
- 20. Eurohippus 歐 馬 Eurohippus isone of the ancestors of the modern horse and lived in the Eocene Period in tropical forests of Europe. An interesting fact is that Eurohippus didn’t have any hooves: it had 4 toes on its front feet and 3 on the rear feet instead. 「歐馬」是現代馬的祖先之一，生活在 始新世時期 歐洲熱帶森林中。 有趣的是，歐馬沒有蹄子：它的前腳有 4 個腳趾，而後腳有 3 個腳趾。
- 21. Nuralagus 霸王兔 Rabbits This 5-million-year oldbunny was quite big and chubby. It weighed up ‘til 21kg (51lb), had a smaller head and ears, and couldn’t jump. And yet, much like its contemporary, Nuralagus was quite cute, only with a very different head-to-body ratio! 兔子 「霸王兔」 這隻 500 萬年前的兔子又大又胖。它重達 21 公斤（51 磅），頭 部和耳朵較小，不能跳躍。 然而在它那個時代，霸王兔很可愛，只是「頭身比例」非常不同而已！
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- 23. Wild Boar 野 豬 Pigs Around9,000 years ago, someone in Turkey dared to capture a herd of wild boars. A few thousand years later, they transformed into the 70 species of docile domesticated pigs we have today. 豬 大約 9,000 年前，土耳其某些人冒險捕捉一群「野豬」。幾千 年後，牠們變成了今天我們擁有的 70 種溫順家豬。
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- 25. African Wildcat 非洲野貓 Cats This greykitty on the left is by no means a stray, it is the African wildcat, the great- grandparent of all domesticated cats. The first cats known to science were cuddled and petted by humans over 9,000 years ago in Cyprus. 貓 左邊這隻灰貓絕並非流浪貓，它是所有家貓的曾祖 ~「非洲野貓」。 科學界已知 第一隻被人類擁抱和撫摸的貓，是在 9,000 多年前的塞 浦路斯。
- 26. African Wildcat 非洲野貓 Although mostlikely, scientists recently discovered, it was the cats who adopted humans, probably choosing to live among us for the food we leave behind for them to eat. In fact, they are barely domesticated when compared to dogs. 科學家最近發現，很可能，貓選擇生活在我們人類中間，是為了食物。與 狗相比，事實上它們幾乎沒有被馴化。
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- 28. Moeritherium 始祖象 Did you expectto see mammoths? Surprise, surprise, here is an even earlier version of the elephant. were primitive elephants first discovered in Egypt. They were semi-aquatic (living a significant part of their time in water like hippos) and much smaller in size, but still quite heavy and with stubby legs. It may be difficult to see the resemblance with modern elephants because they didn’t have the big ears and had a much shorter trunk. 期待看到猛獁象嗎？驚喜，這是大象的更早 版本「始祖象」，是最早在 埃及 發現的原 始大象。 它們是 半水棲動物 (像河馬一樣，大半時間 生活在水中)，體型小得多，但仍然很重，腿 很粗。很難看出與現代大象有相似處，因為 它們沒有象的大耳朵，而且鼻子很短。
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- 30. Samotherium 「薩摩麟」 The ancestors ofgiraffes had muscular bodies, much shorter necks and very interesting horn- like protuberances that curled upwards on their heads. These beautiful creatures called Samotherium roamed the woodlands of Europe and Asia about 7 million years ago. 「薩摩麟」是長頸鹿的祖先，身體肌肉發達、脖 子很短，牠們頭上有好看的捲曲角狀突起。 大約 700 萬年前，這些美麗的「薩摩麟」在歐洲 和亞洲的林地中漫遊。 Samotherium 薩摩麟
- 31. Mouflons 摩弗倫羊 Sheep You can probablyrecognize these brown mountain sheep, as they were featured in media several times for their unique ability to climb unbelievable heights in the steep and rocky Caucasian mountains. Mouflons were first domesticated around 3,000 years ago and were bred for centuries until they shrunk their big horns and gained their characteristic fluffy warm coats. 羊 你可能會認出這隻 棕色山羊，因為經常在媒體上出現，由於它們能力獨特， 能在陡峭多岩石的高加索山脈中，攀登至難以置信的高度。 「摩弗倫羊」大約在 3,000 年前開始被馴化，並培育了好幾個世紀，最後 它們的大角縮小了，長出了特有蓬鬆保暖的毛皮。
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