Anemia is a reduction in red blood cells or hemoglobin that can be caused by low iron, blood loss, or other nutritional deficiencies. Common symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests like a complete blood count. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include iron supplements, diet changes, blood transfusions, or medications. Prevention focuses on maintaining healthy iron levels through diet, exercise, and avoiding toxins.

1. Anemia
Prepared by:
Radwan Rushdi Mohammed

2. Contents of this seminar
 What is anemia?
 Symptoms and causes of anemia
 Diagnosis of anemia
 Treatments used for anemia
 Prevention and controlling anemia

3. Anemia is defined as a reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood due to
decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) volume .
• The most common cause of anemia is low levels of iron
in the body. This type of anemia is called iron-deficiency
anemia
• Anemia affects more than two billion people globally
which is more than 30% of the total population
• The first test used to diagnose anemia is a complete
blood count (CBC)
• Depending on what kind of anemia you have the
treatment changes
Anemia

4. Symptoms and Causes of Anemia

5. Diagnosis of Anemia
Your doctor will diagnose anemia based on your medical and family
histories, a physical exam, and results from tests and procedures
• Your doctor may ask whether you have any of the common signs or symptoms of anemia
• May ask about you've had an illness or condition that could cause anemia
• Let your mdoctor know about any medicines you take what you typically eat (your diet)
• You have family embers who have anemia or a history of it
Medical History and Physical Exams

6. Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
• The first test used to diagnose anemia is a
complete blood count (CBC) the CBC
measures many parts of your blood containing
(MCV, Hg, Hct)
• Iron test: measure the amount of iron is
transferred in the body
• Ferritin test: measure the amount of ferritin in
the blood, ferritin is a protein that contains iron
• Bone marrow biopsy: involves removing a
small sample of the bone marrow inside your
bones for testing

7. Treatments used for anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Thalassemia
because we have a lot of types of anemia each one has it's
treatment but they may have some treatments in common
1- Using iron supplements
2- Choosing a good diet which
is full of iron
1- Blood transfusion
2- Bone marrow transplant
1- Using glucocorticosteroids drugs
(example like dexamethasone
prednisolone and betamethasone)
1- Pain killers (symptomatic treatments)
2- Blood transfusion
3- Taking folic acid pills
1- Blood transfusion
2- Bone marrow transplant
3- Taking folic acid pills
1- Taking folic acid pills

8. • Following a healthy diet (iron rich foods, vitamin c)
• Drinking enough water to stay hydrated
• Exercising regularly( walking, swimming) however if you
have been weak you should begin exercising cautiously
check with your healthcare provider about ways to
exercise safely
• Avoiding exposure to chemicals that set off anemia such
as (Anti-malaria drugs, Penicillin, Dapsone, Arsenic)
• Washing your hands often to avoid infection
• Talking to your doctor about any changing symptoms
Prevention and Controlling of Anemia
While some types of anemia are short-term and mild others can last
throughout a lifetime there are several ways to help prevent (control) anemia
including: