Android ch2..pptx

© Simplilearn.All rights reserved. 1
Android Applications Development—Beginners
chapter 2—Introduction to Android Development
© Simplilearn. All rights reserved.

Objectives
• Demonstrate Android Studio installation
• Explore the Android Architecture
• List key features in the latest version of Android 6.0—Marshmallow
• Create a new Android Project in Android Studio
• Describe the Hello world program
© Simplilearn. All rights reserved. 2
After this lesson,
you will be able to:

Introduction to Android Development
Installing Android SDK and Android Studio

Demo 1—Installing Android Studio and Android SDK tools
Demonstrate how to install Android Studio and Android SDK tools.
4

Android Architecture
Key Concepts of Android Operating System:
We will explore the Android architecture in detail.
•
•
Android architecture is the building block of the Android OS.
Android OS is a stack of software components which is divided into five sections and four main layers.
Key Points
Android
to remember in Android are as follows:
Operating system consists of diverse software layers.
Each layer gives different administrations to the layer above
All Together they create the OS, middleware, and apps.
it.

Android Architecture (contd.)
Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections
and four main layers as shown in the architecture diagram.
Architecture Diagram Of Android Operating System

Layers in Android Architecture
Following are the different layers in the Android Architecture:
•
•
•
•
•
Open Source Linux Kernel
Library Components (Libraries)
ART (Android Run Time)
Application Framework
Android Applications

Layers in Android Architecture—Linux Kernel
Android operating system’s bottom layer is Linux Kernel.
•
•
•
•
•
Android is built on Linux 2.6 Kernel.
It
It
It
It
interacts
provides
provides
with the hardware and it contains all the important hardware drivers.
the basic system functionality.
a collection of device drivers which are useful while interfacing with other devices.
is also responsible for Network Stack and Hardware Abstraction.

Layers in Android Architecture—Linux kernel (contd.)
Here is a table emphasizing the different versions of Kernel :
ANDROID VERSION LINUX KERNEL VERSION
1.0 2.6.25
1.5[Cupcake] 2.6.27
1.6[Donut] 2.6.29
2.2[Froyo] 2.6.32
2.3[Gingerbread] 2.6.35
3.0[Honeycomb] 2.6.36
4.0[IceCreamSandwich] 3.0.1
4.1-4.2 [Jellybean] 3.0.31
4.4-4.4.4[Kit Kat] 3.10
5.0-5.1.1 [Lollipop] 3.16.1
6.0 [Marshmallow] 3.18.10

Layers in Android Architecture—Libraries
Android’s native Libraries is the layer that enables the device to handle different types of data.
A
•
•
•
•
•
summary of some
Surface Manager
Media framework
SQLite
WebKit
OpenGL
key core Android libraries available to the Android developer is as follows:

Layers in Android Architecture—Android Runtime
Android Runtime contains Dalvik Virtual machine and Core Java libraries.
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
• It is a form of Java Virtual Machine used in Android devices to run apps and is enhanced for low
processing power and low memory backgrounds.
• Android Runtime (ART)
• Android Runtime has several benefits over Dalvik VM such as AOT (Ahead Of Time) compilation
enhanced garbage collection.
and
• Core Java Libraries
• These Libraries provides most of the functionalities defined in the Java SE Libraries.

Layers in Android Architecture—Application Framework
Application Framework are the blocks that the application openly networks with.
Key Blocks of Application Framework:
• Activity Manager
o It helps complete the activity lifecycle of applications.
Content Providers
o It is used to accomplish data sharing between applications.
Telephony Manager
o It is used to take care of all voice calls.
Location Manager
o It is used to bring about the Locations obtained from GPS or
Resource Manager
•
•
•
cell towers.
•
o It is used to manage the different resources types in Android applications.

Layers in Android Architecture—Applications
Applications are the topmost layer in the Android architecture.
Several standard applications comes pre-installed with every device, such as:
•
•
•
•
SMS Client App
Dialer
Web Browser
Contact Manager

Key Features of Android Marshmallow
Android Marshmallow is a refinement and extension of the core features and
Android Lollipop.
functionality introduced in
• We will look at the major areas of the new OS, whether new and improved.

Google Now On Tap
Google Now On Tap is one of the key features of Marshmallow with respect to Google Integration.
•
•
Google Now On Tap is perhaps the biggest deal of all in Android Marshmallow.
Long-pressing the home button now activates Google Now On Tap, replacing the
old gesture for Google Now from any screen.
• When summoned, now On Tap reads the content of any screen on your phone.

Voice API and Assist API
Marshmallow also introduces a new Voice API to Android.
•
•
This allows third-party apps to access Google’s voice command functionality.
This feature is not exactly working yet, but it has been
Google using TuneIn Radio.
successfully demonstrated by
• This option comes courtesy of the Assist API,
it.
available to anyone who wants to
compile a voice assistant to make use of

Google Settings App
Google settings are now a dedicated part of the settings menu.
• You will find privacy information, account preferences, and
accounts.
It is also where you can manage your OK, Google hot-word
listening' mode.
more for your Google
• detection, and 'always
• There is another new feature called Set up nearby device.

Android Pay
With the delivery of the fingerprint API and two new Nexus devices equipped with fingerprint
Android Pay has arrived.
scanners,
• Android Pay is one of a number of touchless payment systems including Apple
and Samsung Pay.
Pay
• Android Pay is simple to set up but it requires an NFC-equipped terminal at
participating retailers and an NFC-equipped smartphone.

Doze
Doze is, after “Google Now on Tap”, perhaps the biggest thing in Marshmallow.
• Doze is an intelligent battery management feature that recognizes when your
device is not in use.
Other devices lose an average of 15–25 percent of battery life overnight.
•
• Marshmallow can supposedly take that down to 3–5 percent, taking
time to nearly two weeks in the process.
your standby
• Device standby will only be handled by an unmodified Doze mode.

Application Standby
Application Standby is equivalent of Doze, like a stock Android version of Greenify.
• Application Standby identifies apps that have not been used in a
them into a deep sleep.
while and puts
• Google has
standby.
created a white list with which you can prevent apps from being put on

Type-C and Reverse charging
Marshmallow also supports the new standard, USB Type-C.
•
•
•
Type-C cables
Type-C cables
Marshmallow
are reversible.
also support faster data transfer and charging speeds.
devices will also be able to reverse-charge other devices.

MicroSD Support
The battle to accept microSD cards has been one of the most interesting in Android history.
• Marshmallow to provide full-fledged
devices.
MicroSD cards can be formatted to a
support for microSD expansion in Android
•
•
•
specific device.
You have system level support for external storage.
Apps and data can now be seamlessly stored on an external microSD.

Internal Storage and RAM Management
Marshmallow has also overhauled the Storage area of settings.
• Storage and USB now adds a convenient stock file manager, at the bottom of the
list, called Explore.
• RAM usage
users.
has typically been the reserve of Android geeks rather than regular

Application Permissions
The Android system now offers user-facing controls over some, but not all, app permissions.
• You can grant individual App Permissions the first time an
attempts to access them.
app
• Permissions for a particular app can be viewed within the
Settings menu.
24

Fingerprint API
Android Marshmallow introduces system-level fingerprint support via the new Fingerprint API.
• Google has set
certification.
minimum standards for scanner accuracy to pass its device

Automatic Application Backup
Marshmallow can now automatically back up both your application and data.
• Application data can be saved, so your passwords, settings and progress can all be
restored with much less effort.

Network Security Reset and Monthly Security Patches
Network security reset is a feature in the Backup and reset settings which allows you to remove all
passwords, settings, and connections associated with Bluetooth,
•
cellular data, and Wi-Fi.
This feature demonstrates how much attention has been
paid to enhance security and user-facing controls
Marshmallow.
in
• Marshmallow now displays your device’s Android security
patch level section in the About phone section.

Encryption
New Android devices running Marshmallow are required to use full-disk encryption
devices updated from a previous version of Android do not.
by default, but
• Encrypted devices will also be subject to Marshmallow’s verified boot process to
ensure the trustworthiness of their software during each boot sequence.

Android for Work
Android Marshmallow is encouraging the enterprises for Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) options.
• Android for Work

Smart Lock
Smart Lock on Marshmallow provides options for unlocking your device per various native scenarios.
• Smart Lock is found in the security settings and requires the use of some form
lock screen security.
of
• Smart Lock includes options for trusted devices, places,
detection.
faces, and on-body
• Each Smart Lock feature is opt-in and reversible.

Smart Lock for Passwords
Smart Lock for Passwords is basically a Google password manager.
•
•
•
Enabling the feature allows your passwords to
Can also exclude apps
be saved to your Google account
View your Smart Lock for Passwords content

Text Selection
Marshmallow introduces an improved text selection setup.
• With the 'chunking' selection method, it is much easier to
select whole words.

Direct Share
The idea is to make contacts appear when using the share picker along with a list of apps.
• Direct share

Chrome Custom Tabs
Android Marshmallow now provides developers with custom Chrome tabs.
•
•
Developers can color and brand the Chrome custom tab.
Marshmallow
before.
makes Android easier to use than ever

Introduction to Android
Project
Development
Creating Android

Demo 2—Creating a New Android Project in Android Studio
Demonstrate how to create a new Android project in Android Studio to see the project structure.
36

Introduction to Android Development
Creating a Hello World App

Demo 3—Creating a Simple Hello World App
Demonstrate how to create a Simple Hello World App.
38

Summary
• Installed Android Studio
• Explained Android Architecture
• Explored key features of Android Marshmallow
• Created a project in Android Studio
• Demonstrated the “Hello World” program
Let us summarize
the topics covered
in this lesson:

Quiz

a. A stack of software for mobility
b. Name of the Google mobile device
c. A virtual machine
d. None of the above
QUIZ
1
What is Android?

a. A stack of software for mobility
b. Name of the Google mobile device
c. A virtual machine
The correct answer is a.
Explanation: Android is the name of the mobile operating system made by Google. It supports the
mobile phone manufacturers by offering the users to access Google’s own services like Search,
YouTube, Maps, Gmail and more.
QUIZ
1
What is Android?

a. TRUE
b. FALSE
QUIZ
2
Android is based on the Linux System.

a. TRUE
b. FALSE
The correct answer is a .
Explanation: The whole Android OS is built on top of the Linux Kernel. The term Kernel means the
core of any Operating System. It means, Android at its core is Linux. But remember that you can’t run
any Linux packages on Android.
QUIZ
2
Android is based on the Linux System.

a. Service
b. Activity
c. TextView
d. Linear Layout and Relative Layout
QUIZ
3
Which of the following refers to a single screen with its own User Interface?

a. Service
b. Activity
c. TextView
d. Linear Layout and Relative Layout
The correct answer is b.
Explanation: An activity represents a single screen with a user interface.
QUIZ
3
Which of the following refers to a single screen with its own User Interface?

a. Manifest
b. Layout
c. Gradle Build script
d. Drawable
QUIZ
4
Where do you declare an application's launcher activity ?

a. Manifest
b. Layout
c. Gradle Build script
d. Drawable
The correct answer is a.
Explanation: The main activity for your app must be declared in the manifest with an <intent-filter>
that includes the MAIN action and LAUNCHER category.
QUIZ
4
Where do you declare an application's launcher activity ?

a. The source code
b. The list of strings used in the app
c. The permissions the app requires
QUIZ
5
What does manifest xml file contain?

a. The source code
b. The list of strings used in the app
c. The permissions the app requires
The correct answer is c.
Explanation: Permissions in the manifest xml file protects the application by restricting the access to
any protected parts. It also declares the android API that the application is going to use. It lists the
instrumentation classes. The instrumentation classes provides profiling and other information.
QUIZ
5
What does manifest xml file contain?

This concludes ‘Introduction to Android Development ’.
The next lesson is ‘Android Activity and Intents ’.

Thank You

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