Andres Bravo 31 March 2016 Florida State University Maria Del Rocio Grimaldo ENC2135 My Proposal I may know already what I want to do for this third assignment about the three genres. My position is the previous assignment is forth in restricting air travel as an effective method of reducing air pollution. This topic is not as debatable or interesting as others so it was very difficult for me to choose what I was going to do in the three little projects. I will cover the 3 types of genres you told us we can do which are informative, persuasive and narrative. The first little project I will do is a short story. The short story would be about 2-3 pages long and I will create a story about how would the continent of asia can change if they control air traveling in their countries. The short story will represent the narrative genre. The genre may include appeals and the audience directed may be for children. I may create this short story for little kids to use a different audience. I am supposed to make little kids think about how air traveling can damage. The little kids would never think about this topic so I may try to make them think about that topic through this short story. The story will be print. This story supposed to be narrative but it will really have a hint of persuasion. Also I will be creating a news article and my goal with this is to inform people and to show how air traveling can can damage the environment. This news article will represent the informative genre because I will be informing the process of how can air travel can damage the environment but at the end it will also have a hint of persuasion. The news article will include appeals for example ethos. I will try to prove my credibility giving scientific information in order to persuade people. The news article may had an illustration to make it more attractive in order to catch the reader attention. At last I will be doing an advertisement. This advertisement will be a 100 % persuasive. My goal of this advertisement is to persuade people not to travel too much by air if is not necessary. In this advertisement I might show a very harmful picture of air travel contamination. In this advertisement I will be including the three main appeals which are logos, pathos and ethos. To be honest I don’t know yet how I am going to include the three main appeals in the advertisement. The advertisement may have a little caption or phrase explaining what I want to transmit. These 3 types of communication will all have a hint of persuasion one more than others. I choose these 3 because I thought it will be a good idea to express the 3 genres using my paper position. I know this last assignment is not as easy as it can sound but I will do my best effort in order to achieve a good grade. Let me know if you like my proposal. FIN-301 Excel Project IMPORTANT: You are required to present clear, easy-to-understand, and easy-to-find answers. You need to follow the instructions below .

1. Andres Bravo
31 March 2016
Florida State University
Maria Del Rocio Grimaldo
ENC2135
My Proposal
I may know already what I want to do for this third assignment
about the three genres. My position is the previous assignment
is forth in restricting air travel as an effective method of
reducing air pollution. This topic is not as debatable or
interesting as others so it was very difficult for me to choose
what I was going to do in the three little projects. I will cover
the 3 types of genres you told us we can do which are
informative, persuasive and narrative.
The first little project I will do is a short story. The short story
would be about 2-3 pages long and I will create a story about
how would the continent of asia can change if they control air
traveling in their countries. The short story will represent the
narrative genre. The genre may include appeals and the
audience directed may be for children. I may create this short
story for little kids to use a different audience. I am supposed to
make little kids think about how air traveling can damage. The
little kids would never think about this topic so I may try to
make them think about that topic through this short story. The
story will be print. This story supposed to be narrative but it
will really have a hint of persuasion.
Also I will be creating a news article and my goal with this is
to inform people and to show how air traveling can can damage
the environment. This news article will represent the
informative genre because I will be informing the process of
how can air travel can damage the environment but at the end it
will also have a hint of persuasion. The news article will
include appeals for example ethos. I will try to prove my
credibility giving scientific information in order to persuade

2. people. The news article may had an illustration to make it more
attractive in order to catch the reader attention.
At last I will be doing an advertisement. This advertisement
will be a 100 % persuasive. My goal of this advertisement is to
persuade people not to travel too much by air if is not
necessary. In this advertisement I might show a very harmful
picture of air travel contamination. In this advertisement I will
be including the three main appeals which are logos, pathos and
ethos. To be honest I don’t know yet how I am going to include
the three main appeals in the advertisement. The advertisement
may have a little caption or phrase explaining what I want to
transmit.
These 3 types of communication will all have a hint of
persuasion one more than others. I choose these 3 because I
thought it will be a good idea to express the 3 genres using my
paper position. I know this last assignment is not as easy as it
can sound but I will do my best effort in order to achieve a good
grade. Let me know if you like my proposal.
FIN-301
Excel Project
IMPORTANT: You are required to present clear, easy-to-
understand, and easy-to-find
answers. You need to follow the instructions below when
presenting your project for project
that can be graded. Failure to follow instructions may result in
unclear or unorganized
answers, which will lower grade for the project.

3. 1- Present only one Excel Workbook (only one Excel File) for
the entire project
2- Name your file using your first and last name as the
following example:
John_Doe_FIN301_B_ Project
3- Each answer to each question should be in separate sheet in
your Excel workbook.
For that, you need to create a separate sheet for each answer and
name it with the
question number.
4- Show your work and how the answer was obtained by
formulating your cells.
NEW PROJECT ANALYSIS (100 pts)
You must analyze a potential new product—a caulking
compound that Cory Materials’ R&D
people developed for use in the residential construction
industry. Cory’s marketing
manager thinks the company can sell 115,000 tubes per year at a
price of $3.25 each for 3
years, after which the product will be obsolete. The required
equipment would cost
$150,000, plus another $25,000 for shipping and installation.
Current assets (receivables
and inventories) would increase by $35,000, while current
liabilities (accounts payable and

4. accruals) would rise by $15,000. Variable cost per unit is $1.95,
fixed costs (exclusive of
depreciation) would be $70,000 per year, and fixed assets would
be depreciated under
MACRS with a 3-year life. (Refer to Appendix 12A for MACRS
depreciation rates.) When
production ceases after 3 years, the equipment should have a
market value of $15,000.
Cory’s tax rate is 40%, and it uses a 10% WACC for average-
risk projects.
a. Find the required Year 0 investment and the project’s annual
cash flows. Then
calculate the project’s NPV, IRR, MIRR, and payback. Assume
at this point that the
project is of average risk.
b. Suppose you now learn that R&D costs for the new product
were $30,000 and that
those costs were incurred and expensed for tax purposes last
year. How would this
affect your estimate of NPV and the other profitability
measures?
c. If the new project would reduce cash flows from Cory’s other
projects and if the new
project would be housed in an empty building that Cory owns
and could sell, how
would those factors affect the project’s NPV?
d. Are this project’s cash flows likely to be positively or
negatively correlated with
returns on Cory’s other projects and with the economy, and
should this matter in
your analysis? Explain.

5. javascript://
e. Unrelated to the new product, Cory is analyzing two mutually
exclusive machines
that will upgrade its manufacturing plant. These machines are
considered average-
risk projects, so management will evaluate them at the firm’s
10% WACC. Machine X
has a life of 4 years, while Machine Y has a life of 2 years. The
cost of each machine is
$60,000; however, Machine X provides after-tax cash flows of
$25,000 per year for 4
years and Machine Y provides aftertax cash flows of $42,000
per year for 2 years.
The manufacturing plant is very successful, so the machines
will be repurchased at
the end of each machine’s useful life. In other words, the
machines are “repeatable”
projects.
1) Using the replacement chain method, what is the NPV of the
better machine?
2) Using the EAA method, what is the EAA of the better
machine?
f. Construct a spreadsheet that calculates the cash flows, NPV,
IRR, payback, and
MIRR.
g. The CEO expressed concern that some of the base-case inputs
for the caulking
compound might be too optimistic or too pessimistic, and he
wants to know how the
NPV would be affected if these six variables were 20% above or
20% below the

6. base-case levels: unit sales, sales price, variable cost, fixed
costs, WACC, and
equipment cost. Hold other things constant when you consider
each variable and
construct a sensitivity graph to illustrate your results.
h. Do a scenario analysis based on the assumption that there is a
25% probability that
each of the six variables itemized in part g will turn out to have
their best-case
values as calculated in part g, a 50% probability that all will
have their base-case
values, and a 25% probability that all will have their worst-case
values. The other
variables remain at base-case levels. Calculate the expected
NPV, the standard
deviation of NPV, and the coefficient of variation.
i. Does Cory’s management use the risk-adjusted discount rate
to adjust for project
risk? Explain.
Bravo10
Andres Bravo
ENC 2135
Florida State University
March 30 of 2016
IS RESTRICTING AIR TRAVELLING THE MOST
EFFECTIVE METHOD OF REDUCING AIR POLLUTION?
In the contemporary world, Air travel is one of the most
efficient means of travel across the borders. Nevertheless, there
are numerous setbacks associated with the air travel.

7. Specifically, the impact it has on the environment in
consideration of the aspects of air pollution that cannot be
looked down upon. Restricting air travel would be an effective
method of reducing air pollution as air travel imposes great
climate impact per passenger kilometer ahead of other forms of
transport such as the maritime, rail, and road .This report
entails a research as to whether restricting air travel would be
an effective method of reducing air pollution (Teoh, Lay, and
Hooi 1049).
At the moment, emissions that are attributed to the air travel are
about 5 percent of the global warming. More to that the rate is
expected to rise exponentially in the next moment in
consideration of the fact that air travels are increasingly
becoming a preferred means of transport to many people as time
elapses.
According to the experts in the aviation industry, once the jet
fuel burns, carbon is released from the fuel bonds that
subsequently mixes with the oxygen in the air thereby leading
to the formation of the carbon dioxide. Soot and nitrous oxides
are as well released from the burning process. After all, this the
resultant output is the global warming brought into existence by
the carbon dioxide that traps heat which would have otherwise
run away from the earth. Since 1990, carbon dioxide emissions
have increasingly risen continually over the past two decades by
an increment of 83 percent. This is not encouraging as the
future looks miserable given the number rising above the laid
down criterion that would result to fuel efficiency leading to a
decrease in the planes greenhouse gas emission. As expected the
proposal counted resistance and more so furious opposition
from the American Airlines. Such act from the American
Airlines demonstrates restrictions and challenges that are ahead
of any organization that opts to impose air travel restriction at
the global platform. What is more annoying is the fact that as
per today there is no global emissions control plan about the air
travel that in the end would yield to limiting the aspect of the
global warming emerging from the air travel. Having realized

8. the need for the need for controlling gas emissions, the
European aviation sectors had laid down guidelines that would
result in finding any operating airline from the European airport
that goes beyond the prescribed emission limits (Kubesch 552).
Admitted some people undertake that air travel ought to be
restricted given the severe pollution experienced and
consumption of the world’s fuel resources. Expectedly people
are different and have diverse opinions regarding as to whether
or not there should be limits on the air travel. It is to the
majority opinion that air travel restriction is paramount
considering the scarcity of the fuel resources and the increasing
number of airplanes that result in more air pollution.
Nevertheless, another school of thoughts undertakes that
restricting the use of the aircraft cannot improve the pollution
status quo to a great extent and as well may lead to the
hindrance of the global economic development (Huo 719-733).
All in the all the fact remains that a massive number of the
planes flying every day in the sky produces exhaustible gasses
in additional to noises that are sometimes unbearable and
detrimental to only the environment but also to the human
health living. The main cities such as the New Yolk and
Shanghai that have a significant portion of their international
trade grounded on the air transport suffer because of the
enormously inferior quality of the air. The cities’ residents also
suffer from the faint high-pitched noises emanating from the fat
frying machines all over the sky. As if that is not enough, the
rate at which these planes consume the scarce precious fossil
fuel raises a lot of concerns and is staggering. The question in
the minds of those who understands the emerging crisis is that if
the trend continues of increasing use of the airplanes what
would be the outcome? (Brugge 95-104).
The act would accelerate rapidly heading to a point that energy
crisis hints to servicing the conflicts all over the global. It is
thus in all aspect reasonable for the people to reason and more
to that claim that air travel ought to be restrained for the sake of
quality life and the right conducive living environment .On the

9. other hand, the effect of restricting air travel on the reducing
pollution as well as diminishing fuel consumptions may be
viewed temporarily. This is so because of the expectation that
the saved fuel could be allotted to the promotion of the private
cars and cargo ships whose could as well further the
deterioration of the environment. As long as there is demand for
adequate transport, it is anticipated that people will always find
alternative modes of transport even in the absence of the air
travels. The truth is that global economy put a lot of emphases
on the air travel as it is more time- consuming than other modes
of transportations. The argument is that if air travel is
restricted, there would be grave problems to various global
businesses thus reversing and slowing down the global
economic growth. All in all, putting into consideration of the
other side, if cleaner substitutes including the solar energy and
nuclear power have the chance of replacing the fossil fuels, it is
undoubtful that the prevailing situation would improve to a
great extent. Making use of the green and limitless sources of
energy would result from the better clean environment in
addition to strengthening the bonds of global peace. The truth is
that nobody desires to fight over the inexhaustible and healthy
environment (Schlenker, Wolfram, and Reed 43)..
It is apparent that air travel contributes immensely to the
global warming. Restriction on the air travel regarding the
emission control ought to take the center stage in limiting the
global emission from airplanes. Making use of the nuclear
power and cleaner solar is a more efficient method of dealing
with pollution and energy shortages likely to result to long
lasting paybacks to the environment protection and hence global
peacekeeping. Thus, according to the above analysis, it is
faithful to undertake that restricting air travel is one of the most
powerful means of reducing air pollution given the number of
increasing cases of air pollution and need for a clean
environment all over the globe (Cox, Joseph, Isaiah and Rodney
20).
Truly, airport operations are some of the critical factors in any

10. economy in consideration of the imports, exports, tourism and
business. Nevertheless, these benefits ought to outweigh the
impact of the air travel has on the quality of life given the
increasing population on the locals and global environment.
Some of the factors associated with air travel that is very
disturbing include the noise as well as air pollution from the
aircraft and airport ground operations that greatly needs to be
restricted. This cannot be allowed to continue and thus need for
restricting the travel is paramount. It is considered that the most
immediate influence of aircraft is noise whether it is the
common rumble of the international jets or even the buzz of the
microlights besides increasing proportion of the air light
aircraft on the sunny afternoons. It is no doubt that aircraft
contribute to a great extent for the rampant air pollution
globally. It is imperative to note that anything that distracts
with the wellbeing of the environment is a hazard to the well-
being of the healthy human living and hence taking precaution
measures such as restricting air travel should be a welcoming
move everywhere (Schlenker, Wolfram, and Reed 43)
It is the due responsibility of the international civil aviation
organization to not only draw up the aviation noise standards
with the European civil aviation conference and other standards
but also ensure implementation of the set standards to the as per
the regulation. It is unethical just to watch the unwanted
impacts of the global warming and other environmental hazards
brought forth by the air travel operation thereby doing nothing
about it. Here we are referring to the safety of living health in a
clean conducive environment that is under attack by the air
travel. Strict measures need to be undertaken as a means of
completely reducing aircraft noise and night flying. It is critical
that all aircraft comply with the set maximum limits by the
aircraft noise management via active monitoring of the air
operations and noise insulation schemes. Failure to comply with
the monitoring compliance and any other breach ought to be a
subject heavy financial penalty that would be a good example to
other air operators who otherwise would prefer adhering to the

11. laid down air travel restrictions (Brugge 95-104).
Air travel restriction is mandatory in the current world of
increased renovation such that any development or alteration of
the aviation infrastructure, flight scheduling, or any air
operations should not lead to increased noise exposure to any of
surrounding residents. In the case of the increased and
unavoidable exposure there ought to be a full package of the
mitigation measures offered to those affected by the aviation
industry. Everyone needs quality air and airports nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) is the main pollutant. NO2 comes into existence
being formed by (NO2) emissions from the aircraft, airport
operations and surface traffic. The actions by the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICA0) of putting in place
international standards for smoking and specified gaseous
pollutants about the newly- produced jet engines is
recommendable. This further restricts the venting of the raw
fuels that might be very dangerous to the environment. All in
all, it would be very unconcern and risky to let the air travel
operates in the absence sufficient restrictions considering that
aviation produces a lot of carbon dioxide emission thus
presenting a major threat to the existing government given the
increased emission growth. To effectively combat this
challenge, restriction on the air travel can take some of the
following forms for better results on the wellbeing of the
environment (Viard, Brian and Shihe 98-115)
First, we would like to see the aviation policies being developed
in a manner that is consistent with the related approach that is
being used by the sectors of transport. Aviation does not require
special treatments thus should be completely bedded to
integrate into the transport policy instead of being treated
separately. The environmental and social harm that arises from
the aviation industry should be checked by the governments and
other key stakeholders via a balanced progressive Program in
line with the enhanced technology, demand management and
effective operational practice. Concerning the needs for new
infrastructures or expansions, the key priority should be

12. mitigations of the environmental and social harm caused (Slovic
21).
The truth of the matter is that compared to other public mass
transport that makes use of the finites planetary resources,
aviation in the present situation cannot be considered to be
sustainable in the long term. Considering the finite nature of the
resources upon which aviation applies it realistically
maintainable in the medium term to strategize on how best to
enhance the sustainability of the air transport rather than only
being focused on the sustainable development. As analyzed in
this paper it is apparent that the demand for the air transport
continually keeps on growing and if the demand is met with all
attendants paybacks, then society ought to agree to take the
associated costs in a manner that is unlikely to adverse their
environmental wellbeing. Thus in as much that nothing much
can be done to enhance sustainability of the air travel at the
moment, a lot can be done to improve it in the long term. Some
of the critical areas that needs more attention as a means of
restricting air travel include; warranting safety and security,
optimally making use of the available capacity, and as well
collaborating in the attainment of a shared vision for a better
and more improved sustainable aviation. It is imperative that
decisions made are based on optimizing the balance between the
social, economic as well as environmental necessities (Brown,
Lee and Gilchrist 59).
Before formulating any policy that aims at restricting the air
travel, the requirements for mobility out to be served in a
manner that likely to results to greatest overall benefits besides
meeting the needs of all the stakeholders. Thus in all aspect of
restricting air travel the objective should entail taking every
opportunity available that leads to minimization of the adverse
impacts as well as optimization of resources by way of creating
and making use of more efficient ATM system, technology and
other equipment. The main aim of the implementers of the
required change should incorporate taking into consideration of
targeting efforts critical for producing the utmost improvement

13. of air travelers’ quality life. At all times there is continuous
need of investing in endurable research, education, training and
awareness in addition to being honest and transparent in regard
to the good and bad side aspects of the air transport. Finally, it
is paramount to take all measures possible that ensures that
there is avoidance of any conflicting regulations and policies
concerning the sustainability and restriction of the air travel
geared towards reducing the environmental pollution (Chapman
175-193).
All commercial Aircraft are required to adhere with the
international aviation Civil Aviation organization’s (ICAO’s)
noise certification standards. 33rd ICAO Assembly adopted
resolution A33/7 hosting the concept of ‘balanced approach’
concept regarding aircraft noise management that composed of
four principal elements as well as careful valuation of the
different options that mitigate noise. These four elements
include reducing aircraft noise at source, land-use planning as
well as management measures, noise reduction operational
procedures and operating restrictions. Some of the commonly
applied noise management measures include limiting night
operations, avoiding unnecessary use of auxiliary power units,
evading over-frying sensitive site such as schools and hospitals
, depicting preferred routes for noise on map that are away
from residential areas. Moreover it is worthy monitoring
individual noise levels thereby penalizing any breach and
ensuring that best runways are used as far as conditions permits
(Brown, Lee and Gilchrist 56-61).
It is imperative to note that reduction of the environmental and
social harm brought about by the air travel can only be
effectively restricted via international cooperation. Thus, one of
the governments needs to adopt a leading as well active role in
the global debate more so corroborating with the European
Union besides encouragement of the development of essential
ground-breaking and innovative air restricting policies.
Planning development is critical to enable meeting the
anticipated demand for the air passenger traffic as one of the

14. primary concern in the aviation industry. The environmental
impact of the aviation takes in consideration of the impact of
the surface access to airports. Moreover, it is important to
comprehend that passenger, employees, as well as goods, moves
to considerable distances in reaching to the airports. Thus, all in
all, restriction on air travel is required for an effective
reduction of air pollution.
Work Cited
Brown, Willie Lee, and Willie J. Gilchrist. "Assessing
productivity to address safety concerns for information
technology and promoting global standardization within
aviation practices." Global Journal of Information
Technology 5.2 (2016): 56-61.
Brugge, Doug, et al. "Developing Community-Level Policy and
Practice to Reduce Traffic-Related Air Pollution
Exposure." Environmental Justice 8.3 (2015): 95-104.
Chapman, Michael. "Sustaining Reductions in Aircraft
Emissions for Canada’s Major Airlines." Managing in a VUCA
World. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 175-193.
Cox, Joseph J., Isaiah W. Cox, and Rodney T. Cox. "METHOD
FOR ADDING VALUE TO OPERATION OF LONG HAUL
AIRCRAFT." U.S. Patent No. 20,160,016,659. 21 Jan. 2016.

15. Higham, James, et al. "Climate change, tourist air travel and
radical emissions reduction." Journal of Cleaner Production 111
(2016): 336-347.
Huo, Hong, et al. "Vehicular air pollutant emissions in China:
evaluation of past control policies and future
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Change 20.5 (2015): 719-733.
Kubesch, N., et al. "Arterial blood pressure responses to short-
term exposure to low and high traffic-related air pollution with
and without moderate physical activity." European journal of
preventive cardiology 22.5 (2015): 548-557.
Laurent, Olivier, et al. "A Statewide Nested Case-Control Study
of Preterm Birth and Air Pollution by Source and Composition:
California, 2001–2008."Environmental health
perspectives (2016).
Power, Melinda C., et al. "The relation between past exposure
to fine particulate air pollution and prevalent anxiety:
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Shekarrizfard, Maryam, et al. "Investigating the role of
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(2015): 282-291.
Schlenker,Wolfram, and W. Reed Walker. "Airports, air
pollution, and contemporaneous health." The Review of
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Slovic, Anne Dorothée, et al. "How Can Urban Policies Improve
Air Quality and Help Mitigate Global Climate Change: a
Systematic Mapping Review."Journal of Urban Health (2015):
1-23.
Teoh, Lay Eng, and Hooi Ling Khoo. "Green air transport
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1040-1052.
Viard, V. Brian, and Shihe Fu. "The effect of Beijing's driving
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Public Economics 125 (2015): 98-115.