Week 4: Week 4 - Epidemiology—Introduction
Epidemiology—Introduction
The study of epidemics is epidemiology. Its primary focus is on the distribution and causes of disease in populations. Epidemiology involves developing and testing ways to prevent and control disease by studying its origin, spread, and vulnerabilities.
As a discipline, epidemiologic research addresses a variety of health-related questions of societal importance. Epidemiologic research methods are used by clinical investigators and scientists who conduct observational and experimental research on the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Cholera epidemic, a case from the 19th century, was enabled by the global movement of people. Having appeared in India in 1817, it spread throughout Asia and the Middle East within a decade. It was reported in Moscow in 1830 and then spread to Warsaw, Hamburg, Berlin, and London in 1831 (Snow, 1855, 2002). When it crossed the Atlantic to reach North America, Cholera gained the notoriety of the first truly global disease.
The modern day world is dominated by free trade and rapid transportation. An unprecedented rate of global interchange of food, consumer products, and organisms—including humans—is occurring. The threat of pandemics in the 21st century has heightened the importance of epidemiology at national and international levels.
Although diseases such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), West Nile Virus, Salmonella, are commonly recognized as epidemics, as they cause large scale disruption of health in populations. The field of epidemiology also addresses epidemics of obesity (Ogden et al., 2007), diabetes (Zimmet, 2001), mental health (Insel & Fenton, 2005), and any other disease that may cause large scale disruption of health in populations.
In general, there are ten stages to an outbreak investigation:
1. Investigation preparation
2. Outbreak confirmation
3. Case definition
4. Case identification
5. Descriptive epidemiology
6. Hypothesis generation
7. Hypothesis evaluation
8. Environmental studies
9. Control measures
10. Information dissemination
Investigation preparation requires a health crisis manager to identify a team of professionals who will lead the outbreak investigation, review the scientific literature, and notify local, state, and national organizations of the potential outbreak.
Outbreak confirmation requires actual laboratory confirmation of the disease, which may involve the collection of blood, urine, and stool samples from ill people and performing bacteriologic, virologic, or parasitic testing of those samples.
Case definition is the process by which we establish a set of standard criteria to determine who is and is not infected with respect to a specific outbreak; that is, a protocol is developed to determine case patients.
Case identification requires the health crisis manager and team of professionals to conduct a systematic and organize.
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
Introduction to communicable and noncommunicable DCs.pptxOsmanHassan35
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through
Week 4: Week 4 - Epidemiology—Introduction
Epidemiology—Introduction
The study of epidemics is epidemiology. Its primary focus is on the distribution and causes of disease in populations. Epidemiology involves developing and testing ways to prevent and control disease by studying its origin, spread, and vulnerabilities.
As a discipline, epidemiologic research addresses a variety of health-related questions of societal importance. Epidemiologic research methods are used by clinical investigators and scientists who conduct observational and experimental research on the prevention and treatment of disease.
The Cholera epidemic, a case from the 19th century, was enabled by the global movement of people. Having appeared in India in 1817, it spread throughout Asia and the Middle East within a decade. It was reported in Moscow in 1830 and then spread to Warsaw, Hamburg, Berlin, and London in 1831 (Snow, 1855, 2002). When it crossed the Atlantic to reach North America, Cholera gained the notoriety of the first truly global disease.
The modern day world is dominated by free trade and rapid transportation. An unprecedented rate of global interchange of food, consumer products, and organisms—including humans—is occurring. The threat of pandemics in the 21st century has heightened the importance of epidemiology at national and international levels.
Although diseases such as Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), West Nile Virus, Salmonella, are commonly recognized as epidemics, as they cause large scale disruption of health in populations. The field of epidemiology also addresses epidemics of obesity (Ogden et al., 2007), diabetes (Zimmet, 2001), mental health (Insel & Fenton, 2005), and any other disease that may cause large scale disruption of health in populations.
In general, there are ten stages to an outbreak investigation:
1. Investigation preparation
2. Outbreak confirmation
3. Case definition
4. Case identification
5. Descriptive epidemiology
6. Hypothesis generation
7. Hypothesis evaluation
8. Environmental studies
9. Control measures
10. Information dissemination
Investigation preparation requires a health crisis manager to identify a team of professionals who will lead the outbreak investigation, review the scientific literature, and notify local, state, and national organizations of the potential outbreak.
Outbreak confirmation requires actual laboratory confirmation of the disease, which may involve the collection of blood, urine, and stool samples from ill people and performing bacteriologic, virologic, or parasitic testing of those samples.
Case definition is the process by which we establish a set of standard criteria to determine who is and is not infected with respect to a specific outbreak; that is, a protocol is developed to determine case patients.
Case identification requires the health crisis manager and team of professionals to conduct a systematic and organize.
Travel-related infectious diseases on the rise
International travel has an important role in the transmission of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases across geographical areas.
Since 1980, the world has been threatened by different waves of emerging disease epidemics.
In the twenty-first century, these diseases have become an increasing global concern because of their health and economic impacts in both developed and resource-constrained countries.
It is difficult to stop the occurrence of new pathogens in the future due to the interconnection among humans, animals, and the environment.
As many as 43%–79% of travelers to low- and middle-income countries become ill with a travel-related health problem.
Although most of these illnesses are mild, some travelers become sick enough to seek care from a health care provider.
Introduction to communicable and noncommunicable DCs.pptxOsmanHassan35
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through
Alhajji 1
Alhajji 6
JafarAlhajji
Professor:
English homework
May 1, 2019
Vaccines safety and effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? A vaccine can be defined as "biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life-threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease caused by cows and transferred to a human, and Jenner's theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson29).“Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, the vaccine after the vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria bacteria which leads to the death of mucous cells in the throat, mouth, and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramona French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to .
This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA form.docxgasciognecaren
This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA format, 3 references, 500 words
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a formal paper of 500-1,000 words that examines the previously addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national prevention, or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by identifying applicable ethics principles.
Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles to the health issue has resulted in population disparities.
Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using alternate ethics principles.
Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent with the ANA's Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches ...
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.In y.docxgasciognecaren
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:
Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.
Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.
Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue–either negatively or positively.
Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.
This is APA format aqt least 500 word, references. I have added all the topics that have been added so far, I have topics 1-4 added. the one that will worked on is Topic 5
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being ca ...
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000.docxlanagore871
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:
Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue.
Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include resources available.
Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue.
Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-6 of the CLC - Health Issue Analysis.
This is APA format, 3 references, I have attached topics 1-5 that is needed for this CLC project
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being ...
human settlements/communities increased the possibility of a disease infecting many people at a time in a geographical area i.e known as an epidemic. And with time as communities mingled with each other either for trade, war, etc. they spread the diseases to new location fueling the pandemic.
What Exactly Are World Coronavirus.pdfPeterYarrow4
Coronavirus is a serious health concern that has been affecting countries all over the world. While it is important to stay informed about the latest news and developments, it is also important to understand what exactly coronavirus is and how it is spreading. I
Understanding the Resurgence: Whooping cough (pertussis) and measles are highly contagious diseases that were once under control thanks to widespread vaccination programs. However, in recent years, there has been a concerning resurgence of these illnesses in various parts of the world. Factors contributing to this resurgence include vaccine hesitancy, waning immunity, and gaps in vaccination coverage.
The Importance of Vaccination: Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent whooping cough and measles outbreaks. Vaccines not only protect individuals who receive them but also contribute to herd immunity, safeguarding those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons. With highly contagious diseases like whooping cough and measles, even small pockets of unvaccinated individuals can lead to widespread outbreaks.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm. COVID-19 is a member of the coronavirus family, which has never been detected in humans before. There are seven known strains of coronavirus (CoV). Coronaviruses are derived from a variety of animals. The virus has many similarities to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The viruses can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe health complications.
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , student of urban planning,4th year, Manit , Bhopal,
in this ppt, I have discussed how to do pandemic or epidemic management in detail.,
After months of deliberation, the World Health Organization has
declared COVID-19 a pandemic. As it seemed clear for quite some time, the virus will likely spread to most (if not all) countries on the globe. However, actions can still limit its impact.
Alhajji 1
Alhajji 6
JafarAlhajji
Professor:
English homework
May 1, 2019
Vaccines safety and effectiveness
Do you think vaccination is an important or just harmful substance forced by pharmaceutical companies cooperating with the governments to inject into people? A vaccine can be defined as "biological preparations that, when introduced into the body, cause an individual to acquire immunity to a specific disease” (Davidson. 7). So, for decades, vaccines have been considered one of the best revaluation in medical practice. A long time ago, people all around the world tried to fight with different kinds of fatal diseases by different ways, and one of the most Significant ways is to make a vaccine, to prevent such life-threatening diseases. The first vaccine was against the Smallpox disease. Smallpox is a highly contagious disease and caused a lot of fatalities all around the world, and it is transmitted between people by inhalation of droplets of virus or direct contact with smallpox lesion secretions (Davidson 25). It is a deadly disease, it caused blindness and permanent scars in the patients that survived. Finally, after several attempts to make a vaccine for Smallpox, Edward succeeded to produce an effective and safe vaccine in 1796 by using the cowpox vaccine to protect from smallpox. Cowpox is a disease caused by cows and transferred to a human, and Jenner's theory was based that whoever had cowpox will be immunized against smallpox (Davidson29).“Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who introduced the vaccine for smallpox. Previously a keen practitioner of smallpox inoculation.”
Then, century after century, the vaccine after the vaccine was developed for different kinds of diseases. In the 20th century, one of the most known vaccines was Diphtheria and Tetanus vaccines. Diphtheria is a respiratory illness, causing the release of exotoxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria bacteria which leads to the death of mucous cells in the throat, mouth, and nose, and as a result of cells accumulation the pseudo-membrane are build up and block the airways of the patients which causes death (Davidson42) After years of experiments and trials to make a vaccine to fight this disease, Gaston Ramona French veterinarian and biologist who realized that attenuated Diphtheria toxin is able to activate the immune system of people without causing serious side effects, and by 1927, the toxoid vaccine was freely used all around the world, and it succeeds to drop the number of cases of diphtheria. Then, by using the same way of toxoid, combined Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid vaccines were produced. Tetanus can be described as a nerves system infection that leads to spasm and contract of body muscles, especially jaw muscles which make the patients unable to open their mouths (Davidson. 44)
Another example of one of the most significant vaccine is a Polio vaccine. Polio disease, mainly affecting children under 5 years old, and leading to paralysis and often to .
This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA form.docxgasciognecaren
This is a CLC assigment, I have attached topic 1, 2 and 3 , APA format, 3 references, 500 words
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a formal paper of 500-1,000 words that examines the previously addressed aspects of health policies, finance, global/national prevention, or treatment initiatives related to the health issue by identifying applicable ethics principles.
Differentiate how application of the identified ethics principles to the health issue has resulted in population disparities.
Hypothesize how existing disparities might be eliminated using alternate ethics principles.
Critique whether the applicable ethics principles are consistent with the ANA's Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches ...
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.In y.docxgasciognecaren
This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:
Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.
Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.
Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue–either negatively or positively.
Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.
This is APA format aqt least 500 word, references. I have added all the topics that have been added so far, I have topics 1-4 added. the one that will worked on is Topic 5
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being ca ...
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000.docxlanagore871
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:
Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue.
Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include resources available.
Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue.
Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-6 of the CLC - Health Issue Analysis.
This is APA format, 3 references, I have attached topics 1-5 that is needed for this CLC project
Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being ...
human settlements/communities increased the possibility of a disease infecting many people at a time in a geographical area i.e known as an epidemic. And with time as communities mingled with each other either for trade, war, etc. they spread the diseases to new location fueling the pandemic.
What Exactly Are World Coronavirus.pdfPeterYarrow4
Coronavirus is a serious health concern that has been affecting countries all over the world. While it is important to stay informed about the latest news and developments, it is also important to understand what exactly coronavirus is and how it is spreading. I
Understanding the Resurgence: Whooping cough (pertussis) and measles are highly contagious diseases that were once under control thanks to widespread vaccination programs. However, in recent years, there has been a concerning resurgence of these illnesses in various parts of the world. Factors contributing to this resurgence include vaccine hesitancy, waning immunity, and gaps in vaccination coverage.
The Importance of Vaccination: Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent whooping cough and measles outbreaks. Vaccines not only protect individuals who receive them but also contribute to herd immunity, safeguarding those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons. With highly contagious diseases like whooping cough and measles, even small pockets of unvaccinated individuals can lead to widespread outbreaks.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm. COVID-19 is a member of the coronavirus family, which has never been detected in humans before. There are seven known strains of coronavirus (CoV). Coronaviruses are derived from a variety of animals. The virus has many similarities to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The viruses can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe health complications.
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , student of urban planning,4th year, Manit , Bhopal,
in this ppt, I have discussed how to do pandemic or epidemic management in detail.,
After months of deliberation, the World Health Organization has
declared COVID-19 a pandemic. As it seemed clear for quite some time, the virus will likely spread to most (if not all) countries on the globe. However, actions can still limit its impact.
Similar to and pandemic definition essay.docx (20)
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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1. Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay
Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essayEndemic, epidemic, and pandemic
definition essayPermalink: https:// /endemic-epidemic…definition-
essay/Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essayTopic 1 DQ 1An epidemic is
defined as the occurrence in a community or region of a group of illnesses of similar nature,
clearly in excess of normal expectancy and derived from a common or a propagated source.
An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people. (Celentano,
& Szklo 2019). For example, in 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
epidemic took the lives of nearly 800 people worldwide.Pandemic refers to a worldwide
epidemic. A pandemic is a global disease outbreak. HIV/AIDS is an example of one of the
most destructive global pandemics in history. Influenza pandemics have occurred more
than once. A preventive measure for a pandemic is vaccinations. In addition to vaccinations,
you can take other prevention steps like these: Wash your hands often with soap and water.
If these are not available, use an alcohol-based hand cleaner or gel sanitizer. If using a gel,
rub your hands until they become dry. (DerSarkissian, 2019) Endemic, epidemic,
and pandemic definition essay.Endemic is defined as the habitual presence of a disease
within a given geographic area. It may also refer to the usual occurrence of a given disease
within such an area (sometimes referred to as the “background rate of disease. Examples of
endemic diseases include chickenpox that occurs at a predictable rate among young school
children in the United States and malaria in some areas of Africa.Epidemic-Dengue is an
ongoing risk in many parts of Africa and the Middle East. Dengue virus disease became a
nationally notifiable condition in 2010. Cases are reported to CDC by state, territorial, and
local health departments. (CDC, 2019). Travelers to areas of risk should protect themselves
by preventing mosquito bites. Dengue is a disease caused by a virus spread through
mosquito bites. The disease can take up to 2 weeks to develop with illness generally lasting
less than a week Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay.Primary Prevention:
Using Repellents to Protection against Mosquitoes bites such as EPA-registered insect
repellents are proven safe and effective e. g DEET. Risk increases with the duration of travel
and disease incidence in the travel destination (such as during the rainy season and during
epidemics).Secondary- A vaccine to prevent dengue (Dengvaxia®) is licensed and available
in some countries for people ages 9-45 years old. The World Health Organization
recommends that the vaccine only be given to persons with confirmed prior dengue virus
infection. (CDC, 2019). Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay.Tertiary
prevention: There is no specific medication to treat dengue. Treat the symptoms of dengue
2. and see your healthcare provider. Take acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol outside
of the United States) to control fever and relieve pain. Do not take aspirin or ibuprofen!
Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen and tepid sponge baths. Febrile patients
should avoid mosquito bites to reduce the risk of further
transmission.References:DerSarkissian, Carol. (2019). Epidemics, Pandemics, and
Outbreaks. Retrieved from. https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/what-are-epidemics-
pandemics-outbreaks#1-1Celentano, D. D., & Szklo, M. (2019). Gordis epidemiology (6th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN-13: 9780323552295Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, (CDC, 2019). Dengue. Retrieved from.
https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
definition essay Topic 1 DQ 1Endemic is an outbreak that occurs at a predictable rate in a
certain area or among a set population. It usually remains at a steady-state, but do not
disappear from a population. Chickenpox is classed as an endemic as it occurs at a high but
predictable rate amongst youngsters (CDC, 2012).An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease
amongst a large number of people in a given population. During an epidemic, the disease
will normally spread in two weeks or less.There have been more 14 epidemics since 2010,
including the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, which killed 11,300 people between 2013 and
2016. There are some non-infectious diseases that are presumed epidemic such as diabetes
and obesity (CDC, 2012). Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay.Pandemic is the
worldwide spread of a new infectious disease that stretches over a larger area, infects more
people and causes more deaths than an epidemic. There have been a number of devastating
pandemics including smallpox, and tuberculosis; in 2009 a pandemic of swine flu killed
14,286 people worldwide (Steward, 2019).Prevention, as it relates to health, is really about
avoiding disease before it starts. It has been defined as the plans for, and the measures
taken, to prevent the onset of a disease or other health problems before the occurrence of
the undesirable health event. The three levels of prevention are:Primary Prevention is
intervening before health effects occur, through measures such as vaccinations, altering
risky behaviors (poor eating habits, tobacco use), and banning substances known to be
associated with a disease or health condition(CDC, 2014). Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
definition essay.Secondary Prevention is screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages,
before the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such as mammography and
regular blood pressure testing (CDC, 2014).Tertiary Prevention is managing disease post-
diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression through measures such as chemotherapy,
rehabilitation, and screening for complications (CDC, 2014). Endemic, epidemic, and
pandemic definition essay.References:Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012).
Introduction to Epidemiology. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html Steward, K.
(2019). Epidemic vs Pandemic. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/articles/epidemic-vs-pandemic-
323471 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). What Is Prevention? Retrieved
fromhttps://www.cdc.gov/pictureofamerica/pdfs/picture_of_america_prevention.pdf Topic
1 DQ 1When an endemic occurs, it refers to a continuous or typical existence of a disease or
infection within a certain population (Principles of Epidemiology, 2012). An example of this
3. would be the expected spread of chickenpox amongst school-aged children before the
Varicella vaccine was created. Epidemic is the opposite situation, where an often sudden
increase in disease appears in a select population (Principles of Epidemiology, 2012). An
epidemic example started with the Ebola outbreak in West Africa where many communities
suddenly fell ill with this virus after the initial transmission that is believed to have
occurred from bats. Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay One current
epidemic happening in the United States is the outbreak of Escherichia coli infections in
relation to Romaine lettuce. While this contamination has been reported multiple times,
another recent eruption has transpired, effecting 25 states with 138 reported cases and 72
hospitalizations (Outbreak of E. coli Infections, 2019). Finally, a pandemic is an extension of
an epidemic, in which the sudden spread of disease occurs over multiple countries or
continents around the world (Principles of Epidemiology, 2012). Using the same Ebola
outbreak as an example, a pandemic occurred when this disease was spread to multiple
other continents through travel outside of the initially infected West African countries
Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic definition essay.Public health professionals have
established three types of prevention for these disease outbreak classes and they are
primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. When preventing or controlling an epidemic,
primary prevention can be achieved by taking action before an event occurs, such as using
the Varicella vaccine to avoid chickenpox in school children. Secondary prevention involves
early screening and intervention like utilizing mandatory physicals for school eligibility that
take a thorough family history and vaccine records. This would identify any unvaccinated
children that may be susceptible to a chickenpox incident in school. Finally, tertiary
prevention is implemented to slow or stop a disease that has already begun. If a chickenpox
epidemic would occur in a particular school, public health officials could utilize quarantine
and treatment methods to prevent further spread to other unvaccinated children. Endemic,
epidemic, and pandemic definition essay.ReferencesOutbreak of E. coli Infections Linked to
Romaine Lettuce. (2019, December 19). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2019/o157h7-11-19/index.html.Principles of Epidemiology.
(2012, May 18). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html. Endemic, epidemic,
and pandemic definition essay.
