The document provides a timeline of important events and influences on fashion from 1800-1899. During this period, several major political and industrial developments helped shape fashion trends. The Empire and Romantic eras saw the rise of Napoleon in France and the Industrial Revolution in England. In the late 19th century, the Victorian era was characterized by Queen Victoria's rule in Britain, the American Civil War, and the growth of industrialization globally. Major fashion influences included Napoleon and his wife Josephine, Beau Brummel, and Charles Frederick Worth. Silhouettes for both men's and women's fashion evolved dramatically over the century from the Empire waistline to bustles and crinolines under Victoria. New technologies also industrialized textile production
Home4 Why Europe and not China1. Why does Landes think that Chi.docxpooleavelina
Home4 Why Europe and not China?
1. Why does Landes think that China would not have developed an industrial revolution on its own? (Landes 2006 “Why Europe and the West? Why not China?” is posted on file)
2. Why does he think that China failed to learn new technologies from Europeans in the period after 1500?
3. In Landes’ view, what did Europe have that China lacked? That is, what did Europe have that permitted it to have an industrial revolution?
4. What does Pomeranz say about the factors that Landes identifies as the crucial features of European society that permitted it to have an industrial revolution? Why does he say that these features did not matter?
5. What does Pomeranz think are the crucial factors that enabled Europe to have an industrial revolution?
Note: You can learn about Pomeranz’s ideas from Marks, pp 104-118.(Already posted it on file)
required that all goods be transported in their ships, and forced European
New World colonists to trade only with the mother country, even if
smuggling made such a policy somewhat porous. Mercantilist ideas also
led to policies that states should use their own raw materials to
manufacture within their own borders anything that was imported, an
action we saw the English take in the early 1700s to keep Indian cotton
textiles out. Although mercantilist policies did indeed lead to the
establishment of industries in European states, industrialization itself was
not the object: keeping gold and silver from flowing out of the state and
enriching others was. European states were obsessed with their silver
stocks: ‘‘the more silver, the stronger the state’’ was how a German once
put it.40
In these inter-European wars, the fates and fortunes of various states
rose and fell. As we have already seen, by the end of the sixteenth century,
Spain’s power had begun to wane, and Portugal proved to be too small to
mount much of a challenge to the French (or Spanish) in Europe, or to the
Dutch in Asian waters. The Dutch, being among the first Europeans to
apply vast amounts of capital to their trading enterprises in both Asia and
the Americas, saw their fortunes peak in the seventeenth century, just as
the French and the British were gaining power. Ultimately, though, the
Dutch did not have the manpower to build a standing army sufficiently
large to counter the French, and they ultimately allied with the British to
offset French power on the continent. By the eighteenth century, Britain
and France had emerged from the seventeenth-century crisis as the two
most powerful and competitive European states. (See map 3.1.)
The Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763
As the strongest and most successful European states, England and France
competed not just in Europe but in the Americas and Asia as well. In the
‘‘long’’ eighteenth century from 1689 to 1815, Britain and France fought
five wars, only one of which Britain did not initiate. Their engagement
(with others) in the War of Spanish Succession was ended by the 1713
Tr ...
Powerpoint presentation based on Strayer's 3rd edition, Ways of the World text for High School Ap-Honors World History students. Covers the Industrial Revolution, Socialism, Capitalism, Social Unrest, Europe, Russia, United States and Latin America
Home4 Why Europe and not China1. Why does Landes think that Chi.docxpooleavelina
Home4 Why Europe and not China?
1. Why does Landes think that China would not have developed an industrial revolution on its own? (Landes 2006 “Why Europe and the West? Why not China?” is posted on file)
2. Why does he think that China failed to learn new technologies from Europeans in the period after 1500?
3. In Landes’ view, what did Europe have that China lacked? That is, what did Europe have that permitted it to have an industrial revolution?
4. What does Pomeranz say about the factors that Landes identifies as the crucial features of European society that permitted it to have an industrial revolution? Why does he say that these features did not matter?
5. What does Pomeranz think are the crucial factors that enabled Europe to have an industrial revolution?
Note: You can learn about Pomeranz’s ideas from Marks, pp 104-118.(Already posted it on file)
required that all goods be transported in their ships, and forced European
New World colonists to trade only with the mother country, even if
smuggling made such a policy somewhat porous. Mercantilist ideas also
led to policies that states should use their own raw materials to
manufacture within their own borders anything that was imported, an
action we saw the English take in the early 1700s to keep Indian cotton
textiles out. Although mercantilist policies did indeed lead to the
establishment of industries in European states, industrialization itself was
not the object: keeping gold and silver from flowing out of the state and
enriching others was. European states were obsessed with their silver
stocks: ‘‘the more silver, the stronger the state’’ was how a German once
put it.40
In these inter-European wars, the fates and fortunes of various states
rose and fell. As we have already seen, by the end of the sixteenth century,
Spain’s power had begun to wane, and Portugal proved to be too small to
mount much of a challenge to the French (or Spanish) in Europe, or to the
Dutch in Asian waters. The Dutch, being among the first Europeans to
apply vast amounts of capital to their trading enterprises in both Asia and
the Americas, saw their fortunes peak in the seventeenth century, just as
the French and the British were gaining power. Ultimately, though, the
Dutch did not have the manpower to build a standing army sufficiently
large to counter the French, and they ultimately allied with the British to
offset French power on the continent. By the eighteenth century, Britain
and France had emerged from the seventeenth-century crisis as the two
most powerful and competitive European states. (See map 3.1.)
The Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763
As the strongest and most successful European states, England and France
competed not just in Europe but in the Americas and Asia as well. In the
‘‘long’’ eighteenth century from 1689 to 1815, Britain and France fought
five wars, only one of which Britain did not initiate. Their engagement
(with others) in the War of Spanish Succession was ended by the 1713
Tr ...
Powerpoint presentation based on Strayer's 3rd edition, Ways of the World text for High School Ap-Honors World History students. Covers the Industrial Revolution, Socialism, Capitalism, Social Unrest, Europe, Russia, United States and Latin America
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Timeline of events what was happening that was important.docx
1. Timeline of events – what was happening that was important
Timeline of events – what was happening that was important to the time and influences
society, lifestyles, occupations, etc. Use the timeline from the text, but fill in the blanks with
important influences to the Zeitgeist and fashion of the times.How does the fashion of the
time reflect the Zeitgeist of the time?What was the fashion of the time? Ideals, silhouettes,
fabrics, design…. The Empire and Romantic Eras 1800–1850Changes in Europe and the US –
who’s in power or in roles of importance (how did they influence change and
fashion?)France – Directoire/Empire; US; EnglandIndustry: coal mining, steel, cotton, wool,
linenEconomics and Society – what’s happening and why?Transportation: roads, canals,
railroad; Travel: steam trains and ships; Communication: telegraphCommunications:
Newspapers, publications, magazines: Godey’s Lady’s BookChanging gender roles- Georges
Sand, women workingGold in CaliforniaFashion IndustryWho are the important people
influencing the time and influencing fashionArtistic styles, architecture; Jacques Louis
DavidFASHIONTextile Production: looms and spinners; interchangeable parts; machine-
made laceNew fabrications – jacquard, elasticized fabrics, rubber and vulcanizing,
denimStandardization of sizesNew technologies and ways of manufacturingBrooks
Brothers open retail store- ready to wearGarment Industry in New York: clothing
manufacturing and industry growthSewing machinesEMPIRE (1795-1815):Napoleon- who
was he?French Revolution – why? American Revolution – why?COSTUME: silhouette,
Influencers: Napoleon, JosephineMEN’S: changes (why? to what?); fabrications, silhouettes,
main garments, outerwear, hats, hairstyles, footwear, accessoriesWOMEN’S: silhouette,
fabrics, main garments, footwear, accessories, head wearROMANTIC (1818-1850):What
was the Romantic movement and who were the Romantics?Who was Beau Brummel?What
is Romanticism?Literature – Romantic AgeFashion change from Empire to
RomanticCOSTUME: Elaborate- boredom from Empire costume, competition among classes
because of mass production, knock offs and designers outdoing each otherMEN’S:
Silhouette, fabrics, main garments, outerwear, neck wearWOMEN’S: Silhouette, dresses,
fabrics, wraps, walking clothes, hairstyles, bonnets, accessories,
undergarmentsTERMS:Spencer Tailcoat PantaloonBicorn Hessian Garrick
(Carrick)Cravat StockRedingote WellingtonEmpire
Waist MackintoshBetsies Berthas Jockey boot Reticule LorgnettesMutton chopsLeg-o-
mutton PelerineFrock coat Crinoline Spats GaitersBurberryLATE 19TH CENTURY (1850-
1899) VICTORIAN/ SECOND EMPIRE:Timeline of important events of the periodPolitics and
economics: Industry: France and luxuries; Germany and coal, iron, steel; Abe Lincoln, Civil
2. War; Civil War, Farmers and railroads, coops, railroads and telegraph; Discovery of gold in
California, transcontinental railroadIndustrial RevolutionEngland – Great Exhibition,
industrializationRailroad and Business, robber baronsnew technologies and innovations,
inventions, changes in transportation, retailing, manufacturingWhat was a
crapper?Influencers:Victorian England – Queen Victoria & Prince AlbertFrance – Second
Empire- France, Louis Napoleon II & Empress EugenieUSStyle of Victorian- architecture,
interiors, fashion, colors, moodHealth and Hygiene: population boom in US; anesthesia,
dress shields in garments; tooth powder, dry cleaningFashion Industry:Charles Frederick
Worth, Empress Eugenie;Retail and Distribution: Bon Marche department store; Mail-order
(Montgomery Wards, Sears); Ready-to-wear technology, manufacture of sewing machines,
menswear manufactured in large quantities; first synthetic dye, standardization of men’s
wear- army uniformsLevi Strauss/ Jacob Davis: what did they make?Charles Frederick
Worth, Empress EugenieDesigner JewelryReady-to-wear Women’s Roles – changing,
influence on fashion; crinoline period, first bustle period, second bustle period, changes in
silhouetteMEN’S: Suits, Coats, garments, shirts, neck wear, hats, hairstyles, footwear,
sportswear, work clothingWOMEN’S: changes in silhouette, walking skirts, reform clothing
(Amelia Jenks Bloomer), dresses, undergarments, sports costume, hairstyles, hats, house
dress, footwear, accessoriesTERMS:Ditto suit Sack suitSack coat Morning coatFrock
coat Chesterfield Inverness coat Ulster Sack CoatPrince Albert
Coat TuxedoSwallowtail Lounge Suit NorfolkDress Coat Four-in-handMutton ChopsWatch
fobSpats Serge de NimesAscotDundreary whiskers MonocleStraw boater/
panama FedoraBloomers Bolero/ZouaveBowler Derby Deerstalker capShirtwaist Rainy
DaisiesCrinoline BustleBust ImproverJack Tar suitUnion Suit Fauntleroy suit
