Ancient Farming Tools, Italy
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The document discusses the history and development of various agricultural tools used for cutting, digging, plowing, and harvesting. It describes how early axes from 1.5 million years ago evolved to have handles and were made from different materials like copper, bronze, iron and steel. Basic digging sticks and hoes were some of the earliest tools used in agriculture, while plows developed from modified tree branches pulled by oxen. The document also provides details on components of plows like the coulter, plowshare and mouldboard, as well as tools like sickles and scythes used for harvesting grains and cutting grass throughout history.
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Ancient Farming Tools
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Learn about the life of early humans in Britain during the Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages! Includes a child-friendly eBook (with a comprehensive glossary of terms), a range of exciting activity resources and classroom display materials.
History of Furniture
This document provides a brief history of furniture from prehistoric times through the 20th century. It discusses the types of furniture used in ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, China, and Aztec societies. For the ancient world section, it describes furniture from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Furniture in the medieval/Middle Ages period began developing modern characteristics. Furniture styles and materials depended on the wealth of the owner. Overall, the document outlines the evolution of furniture design and materials over different time periods and civilizations.
Paleolithic Art
Prehistoric Britain was home to hunter-gatherer societies from the earliest arrival of humans until the Roman conquest. Hunter-gatherers survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, and lived a nomadic lifestyle in search of food. Over time, they developed new skills such as herding animals and growing crops, as well as learning how to make tools and weapons from stone, bone, and metals. While prehistoric people left no written records, archaeologists study remains of homes, tools, and human skeletons to learn about how these early Britons lived between 15,000 to 2,000 years ago. Hunter-gatherers decorated caves with paintings of animals and made jewelry, carvings, and figurines as
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Pen and paper is all about the ancient pen and paper and how it has changed.
The document summarizes the history and development of paper and pens. It traces the origins of paper to ancient China in the 2nd century BC and of pens to reed pens invented by ancient Egyptians in 4000 BC. Timelines show the evolution of pens from reed pens to modern ballpoint pens and of paper from papyrus to modern paper. The document also provides brief facts and comparisons of the properties and uses of different paper and pen types over history.
History of pen
This document provides a history of writing instruments from ancient times to modern day. It describes how early humans scratched on clay tablets with bone or bronze tools around 4000 BC. The Egyptians developed writing with pictures on papyrus scrolls using thin reed brushes around 3000 BC. During the Roman era from 1300 BC, wax tablets were used with metal styli to write and erase. From 600-1800 AD, quill pens became popular in Europe for writing on parchment. In the 1800s, metal nib pens replaced quill pens and fountain pens were invented in the 1880s. The modern ballpoint pen was invented in the 1940s. New writing instruments like felt tip pens, rollerballs, and ergonomic designs were
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Pen and paper is all about the ancient pen and paper and how it has changed.
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Masks have been used in folk traditions, ceremonies, and theater dating back to ancient origins. In ancient Greek theater, masks were used to create exaggerated facial expressions that caused serious panic in audiences. In Roman comedies, masks and stock characters like servants and soldiers were commonly used. The Commedia dell'Arte was a form of 16th century Italian improvisational theater where actors wore distinctive masks and portrayed characters like Pantalone, Arlecchino, and Colombina that dealt with themes of love, hunger, and money. Traditional Sicilian puppet theater still features characters like Punch and Peppe Nappa portrayed with masks.
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Certain unreasoning beliefs called "superstitions" arise in communities from fear, helplessness, or coincidences and have existed since the first humans. Many superstitions have no basis in science, reason, modern thought, or religion. While superstitions contradict wisdom and reason, unfortunately they remain difficult to remove from human hearts, minds, and consciences.
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This document describes traditional clothing from a region of Turkey. It discusses women's clothing including shalwar (loose trousers), alduvak (bridal veil), uçetek (dress worn over shalwar), kuşak (waistband), and yazma/crepe (head scarves). It also discusses men's traditional clothing like the Efe's (irregular soldiers) potur (shorter trousers), fes (felt hat), and camadan (waistcoat). Special occasion clothing is mentioned like boys' circumcision outfits and babies' patik (woolen socks).
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Traditional costumes from 18th century Sicily are described. Typical female costumes included red or yellow damask skirts, black striped velvet waistcoats, and white blouses. Typical male costumes were made of black striped velvet trousers and waistcoats, and white or checked shirts. Details are provided on traditional wedding attire, including the bride wearing a silver grey dress with embroidery and lace and the groom wearing a blue vest with a velvet dress. Traditional dances and musical instruments from the region are also outlined.
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This document provides recipes for several traditional dishes from the Izmir region of Turkey. It includes recipes for Izmir meatballs made with ground meat and vegetables, Çaput Aşı which is rice with meat and vine leaves, and Aşure, a dessert made from various grains, fruits, and nuts that is connected to the story of Noah's Ark. Brief descriptions are also given for dried stuffed eggplant, stuffed grape leaves, Tarhana soup, Keşkek made from meat and wheat, Gözleme filled pastries, Ayran yogurt drink, and Helva semolina dessert.
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This document summarizes various Sicilian holidays and the traditional foods associated with each one. Some of the major holidays and foods mentioned include Carnival (fritters and doughnuts), St. Joseph's Day (bread and pasta with sardines), Easter (lamb, meatballs, and cakes), St. Rosalia (street foods like snails and octopus), and Christmas (meat pies, lasagna, and stuffed meats). The document provides historical and cultural context for many Sicilian dishes, noting influences from Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and French chefs on the region's cuisine.
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The document describes various old household objects, agricultural tools, and weapons that were commonly used in the past. Some key household objects mentioned include wire closets for storing bread, cubes for storing water and oil, earthenware jugs for drinking water, bowls made of metal or copper for drinking, and kazans or caldrons for boiling clothes, water, and cooking food. Agricultural tools discussed are the plow for tilling soil and orak or reaping hooks for harvesting. Weapons referenced are maces for combat, swords of various sizes and materials, bows for shooting arrows, daggers of different sizes, and early firearms.
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Ancient Farming Tools, Italy
- 3. The axe is a tool used for cutting wood.
- 4. The Stone Age axe was used 1.5 million years BC without a handle. Later it was fastened to a wooden handle.
- 5. When copper, bronze, iron and steel appeared, axes made up of these materials started to be used.
- 6. It was also used as a weapon for fighting in the Middle Ages.
- 7. When agriculture was first developed, simple hand-held digging sticks and hoes were used. The rudimentary plough, a modified tree branch, was adapted later to be pulled by oxen. .
- 8. A coulter is a vertically mounted component of many ploughs that cuts an edge of about 18 cm. Its most effective depth is determined by soil conditions. A ploughshare is the cutting or leading edge of a mouldboard which closely follows the coulter when ploughing. A mouldboard is the curved steel blade of a plough that turns the furrow.
- 9. Digging Stick It consists of a pointed stick, sometimes having a stone or crossbar attached. It is used to loosen and till the soil and to extract plants. .
- 10. Digging Stick The earliest ploughs were digging sticks decorated with handles for pulling or pushing.
- 11. A hoe is an ancient and versatile agricultural tool used to move small amounts of soil.
- 12. In the Sumerian mythology, Enlil, the God of air and wind, was credited with the invention of the hoe.
- 13. Sickle A sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a curved blade used for harvesting grain crops or cutting grass.
- 14. History The sickle appeared in Europe in the 12th century. Its use has greatly diminished after the invention of mechanical mowers.
- 15. The scythe often appears as a weapon in the hands of the Death. It derives from the Biblical belief of the Death as the “harvester of souls”.
- 16. Comenius Project “Lost in Time” Istituto Superiore “Majorana” Palermo (Italy)