This article examines one of the main issues which may influence all of the Caucasus region on political and economic grounds. A geopolitical energy rivalry has taken a significant place among regional and global actors particularly in the Caucasus region. In this regard, the research purposed suggest analyzing the distribution of the energy power and geopolitical interests of Russia, European Union, Iran and Turkey which correlate with utilizing the significant position of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia in terms of the supplying and transferring energy resources. Lifting economic and political sanction by the West in Iran will bring new economic opportunities in the energy sector because of it being a strong player in terms of the supplying of energy resources that its influence will provide in the transforming of the international energy market. Decreasing oil and gas prices in the world marketplace has negatively affected Russia's economy. Taking regional states position on the geopolitical ground into account, one of the Russian purposes is pressuring countries like (Georgia, Azerbaijan etc.) in order to increase the importation of energy resources from Moscow while utilizing their position as a primary supplier of energy to other countries. In this case, coming from an Iranian influence on the region may escalate increasing new geopolitical energy confrontation particularly between main regional actors Iran and Russia. Geopolitically transforming the region brings advantages and disadvantages on the energy sector and this illustrates the characteristics of this region which are quite fragile and sensitive. Analyzing the energy relations between those countries will enable the use by policy makers for political stability and regional cooperation in the region
“In an age where community involvement and partnerships with civil society are increasingly being recognized as indispensable, there is clearly a growing potential for cooperative development and renewal worldwide.” ~ Kofi Annan
This document summarizes a study on the political risks facing Russia's natural gas sector. It notes that Russia faces increasing competition from unconventional gas sources and LNG exports that threaten its market dominance in Europe and ability to secure long-term contracts in Asia. Weakening demand in Europe and Russia's reliance on high oil prices to fund gas production add further challenges. The study examines trends like US shale gas growth, new pipeline routes to Europe, and rising Asian demand that are reshaping the global gas market against which Russia must adapt its export strategy to remain a major supplier.
Tensions in eastern Ukraine eased somewhat in May 2014, as Ukrainian military forces and pro-federalization armed groups maintained a fragile balance of power. Russia signaled willingness to engage with newly elected Ukrainian President Poroshenko but still faces the risk of economic sanctions if it intervenes militarily. A serious dispute also continues over gas prices and debts between Russia and Ukraine. Russia also signed a treaty establishing the Eurasian Economic Community with Belarus and Kazakhstan, making minor concessions while maintaining export duties on hydrocarbons.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manurial Combinations on Turmeric (Curcuma Lo...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic manure combinations on the growth, yield, and quality of turmeric. The study found that a treatment of 50% nitrogen from urea and 50% from poultry manure (T5) significantly increased plant growth parameters, yield, and curcumin content compared to the control of recommended doses of only inorganic fertilizers (T0). Specifically, T5 led to the highest fresh rhizome yield of 154.18 q/ha, dry rhizome yield of 34.73 q/ha, and curcumin content of 5.2%. The improved results from T5 are likely due to the beneficial effects of poultry man
Gender Gap of C.D. Block Kaliachak –II in Malda District, West Bengalinventionjournals
Gender Gap is a disproportionate difference or disparity between the sexes. On the others words, gender gap is the differences between women and men, especially as reflected in demographic feature, social, political, intellectual, cultural, economic attainment and attitudes. The paper beautifully presents the gender gap of demographic feature in the community development block of Kaliachak-II. The Gender gap in the distribution of male and female population is 5.62% and in the distribution of child population (0-6 years), it is very high, amounting 7.18%. The Gender gap in the literacy rate and worker rate is 3.65% and 25.77% respectively. The gender gap in the worker rate is very high in the study area.
Backyard Poultry Farming, a Suitable Intervention for Tribal People for their...inventionjournals
After analyzing the situation, background and cultural scenario, KVK, Mayurbhanj scientists intervene to make this practice as more productive, remunerative and commercial by introducing improved breeds like Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Kharagnath etc. those are phenotypically similar to existing poultry population. The benefit and cost ratio in Vanaraja and local breeds recorded as 2.66 and 2.27 respectively in Assam as found by Islam et al (2015).The 21 days old chicks were being supplied to the various SHGs, individual growers etc. They were trained about the minimal management practice, vaccination, feeding etc. To find out the effectiveness of the technology the study was made with an objective to assess the knowledge gained and adoption of the technology alongwith the constraints faced and suggestion for better penetration from the respondents. From the list of practicing farmers of KVK under improved backyard poultry farming, hundred numbers of respondents were selected randomly. From the study it was found that moderate knowledge was gained by the respondents on the improved poultry farming and adoption was satisfactory with 64.0 and 21.0 percentages in medium and high categories respectively. The respondents perceived as the unavailability of structured market structure was the major constraint and mostly suggested for the establishment of assured market system.There is huge scope & perspective in the improved poultry farming in the district. The farmers are very much spirited and enthusiastic to adopt the enterprise in entrepreneurship basis. Although the quality of egg and meat of improved breeds is at par with the local breeds, there is very wide gap in the price of local and exotic breeds. But the traders are manipulating the tribal farmers. In this respect the market system should the strengthened.
In Causality Principle as the Framework to Contextualize Time in Modern Physicsinventionjournals
Since the moment Boethius meditated on the nature of time in his fifth book on The Consolation of Philosophy, we have more tools to reflect on the subject. The onset of relativity and quantum physics provides us with the best insight, to date, that guides our reflections on the philosophical debates that attempt to theorize a definition of time. To clearly address the problems related to the theoretical models that account for the nature of time, adjustments to our interpretation of the contextual issues involved in special relativity are in order if we are going to preserve our notion of causal reality. As the construction of string theory emerges as the reigning theory for quantum gravity, a precise picture of causal reality can be accounted for through theories such as Dyson’s Chronological Protection Agency, Hořava’s theory of gravity, and new insight to how simultaneity is interpreted in relativity theory. With this model, the question about time in the philosophical debates can now be clearly defined through the Presentists’ view of the universe. Thus, if we are going to accept the premise of quantum mechanics (QM) and the theory of relativity, we can safely say that string theory (ST) is a reasonable theory of quantum gravity and that its conclusions about time must be taken seriously.
After examining the different expressions of context, this paper proposes that context is the interaction between all the elements about language communication activities, including the intra textual co-text, the environment in which communication occurs and the mutual interaction of the shared information, culture, background and world knowledge of the participants. Therefore, context is dynamic. Then, this paper illustrates theories of pragmatics, including the speech act theory, the indirect speech act theory, the cooperative theory and the relevance theory. Finally, it discusses about the significance of context to pragmatics from the perspectives of narrow context and narrow pragmatics, and dynamic context and generalized pragmatics
“In an age where community involvement and partnerships with civil society are increasingly being recognized as indispensable, there is clearly a growing potential for cooperative development and renewal worldwide.” ~ Kofi Annan
This document summarizes a study on the political risks facing Russia's natural gas sector. It notes that Russia faces increasing competition from unconventional gas sources and LNG exports that threaten its market dominance in Europe and ability to secure long-term contracts in Asia. Weakening demand in Europe and Russia's reliance on high oil prices to fund gas production add further challenges. The study examines trends like US shale gas growth, new pipeline routes to Europe, and rising Asian demand that are reshaping the global gas market against which Russia must adapt its export strategy to remain a major supplier.
Tensions in eastern Ukraine eased somewhat in May 2014, as Ukrainian military forces and pro-federalization armed groups maintained a fragile balance of power. Russia signaled willingness to engage with newly elected Ukrainian President Poroshenko but still faces the risk of economic sanctions if it intervenes militarily. A serious dispute also continues over gas prices and debts between Russia and Ukraine. Russia also signed a treaty establishing the Eurasian Economic Community with Belarus and Kazakhstan, making minor concessions while maintaining export duties on hydrocarbons.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Manurial Combinations on Turmeric (Curcuma Lo...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of organic and inorganic manure combinations on the growth, yield, and quality of turmeric. The study found that a treatment of 50% nitrogen from urea and 50% from poultry manure (T5) significantly increased plant growth parameters, yield, and curcumin content compared to the control of recommended doses of only inorganic fertilizers (T0). Specifically, T5 led to the highest fresh rhizome yield of 154.18 q/ha, dry rhizome yield of 34.73 q/ha, and curcumin content of 5.2%. The improved results from T5 are likely due to the beneficial effects of poultry man
Gender Gap of C.D. Block Kaliachak –II in Malda District, West Bengalinventionjournals
Gender Gap is a disproportionate difference or disparity between the sexes. On the others words, gender gap is the differences between women and men, especially as reflected in demographic feature, social, political, intellectual, cultural, economic attainment and attitudes. The paper beautifully presents the gender gap of demographic feature in the community development block of Kaliachak-II. The Gender gap in the distribution of male and female population is 5.62% and in the distribution of child population (0-6 years), it is very high, amounting 7.18%. The Gender gap in the literacy rate and worker rate is 3.65% and 25.77% respectively. The gender gap in the worker rate is very high in the study area.
Backyard Poultry Farming, a Suitable Intervention for Tribal People for their...inventionjournals
After analyzing the situation, background and cultural scenario, KVK, Mayurbhanj scientists intervene to make this practice as more productive, remunerative and commercial by introducing improved breeds like Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Kharagnath etc. those are phenotypically similar to existing poultry population. The benefit and cost ratio in Vanaraja and local breeds recorded as 2.66 and 2.27 respectively in Assam as found by Islam et al (2015).The 21 days old chicks were being supplied to the various SHGs, individual growers etc. They were trained about the minimal management practice, vaccination, feeding etc. To find out the effectiveness of the technology the study was made with an objective to assess the knowledge gained and adoption of the technology alongwith the constraints faced and suggestion for better penetration from the respondents. From the list of practicing farmers of KVK under improved backyard poultry farming, hundred numbers of respondents were selected randomly. From the study it was found that moderate knowledge was gained by the respondents on the improved poultry farming and adoption was satisfactory with 64.0 and 21.0 percentages in medium and high categories respectively. The respondents perceived as the unavailability of structured market structure was the major constraint and mostly suggested for the establishment of assured market system.There is huge scope & perspective in the improved poultry farming in the district. The farmers are very much spirited and enthusiastic to adopt the enterprise in entrepreneurship basis. Although the quality of egg and meat of improved breeds is at par with the local breeds, there is very wide gap in the price of local and exotic breeds. But the traders are manipulating the tribal farmers. In this respect the market system should the strengthened.
In Causality Principle as the Framework to Contextualize Time in Modern Physicsinventionjournals
Since the moment Boethius meditated on the nature of time in his fifth book on The Consolation of Philosophy, we have more tools to reflect on the subject. The onset of relativity and quantum physics provides us with the best insight, to date, that guides our reflections on the philosophical debates that attempt to theorize a definition of time. To clearly address the problems related to the theoretical models that account for the nature of time, adjustments to our interpretation of the contextual issues involved in special relativity are in order if we are going to preserve our notion of causal reality. As the construction of string theory emerges as the reigning theory for quantum gravity, a precise picture of causal reality can be accounted for through theories such as Dyson’s Chronological Protection Agency, Hořava’s theory of gravity, and new insight to how simultaneity is interpreted in relativity theory. With this model, the question about time in the philosophical debates can now be clearly defined through the Presentists’ view of the universe. Thus, if we are going to accept the premise of quantum mechanics (QM) and the theory of relativity, we can safely say that string theory (ST) is a reasonable theory of quantum gravity and that its conclusions about time must be taken seriously.
After examining the different expressions of context, this paper proposes that context is the interaction between all the elements about language communication activities, including the intra textual co-text, the environment in which communication occurs and the mutual interaction of the shared information, culture, background and world knowledge of the participants. Therefore, context is dynamic. Then, this paper illustrates theories of pragmatics, including the speech act theory, the indirect speech act theory, the cooperative theory and the relevance theory. Finally, it discusses about the significance of context to pragmatics from the perspectives of narrow context and narrow pragmatics, and dynamic context and generalized pragmatics
Social Maturity of Adolescents In Relation To Their Home Environmentinventionjournals
Social maturity is a necessary aspect for the individual and society. Each individual is expected to show mature behavior in adolescence period because the socially immature behavior of child can be ignored but not the adolescent. Only a socially matured adolescent can be accepted both by the peers and society. The present study was undertaken to study the social maturity of adolescent students in relation to their home environment. The sample comprised of 500 adolescent students studying in 11th and 12th standards of Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of South Haryana. Rao’s Social Maturity Scale was used to asses social maturity of adolescent students and Mishra’s Home Environment Inventory was used to study home environment of students. The obtained data was analyzed using Mean , S.D. ,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation through SPSS version(17). The result of the present study revealed that there is significant negative relation between social maturity of adolescent students and various dimensions of home environment related to them.
Attitudes And Opinions of Parents and Teachers About Autism in Turkeyinventionjournals
Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the way a person communicates and relates to people around them. Bringing up an autistic child is a hard and long journey, but parents have various options and places to turn for help. For example, they can learn and use certain strategies to help communicate with autistic children. Teaching strategies for students with ASD still need to be individualized, and it is fairly important for teachers to realize their expectations of their students. Children with autism often have visualspatial strengths so teachers can modify their instructional strategies several ways by demonstrating and modelling expected skills. The purpose of this study is to explain the attitudes and opinions of parents and teachers about autism in Turkey. The participants of the study consists of 82 subjects, 42 of whom were parents of children with autism and the remaining 40 were teachers of students with autism. This study was carried out several public and private schools in Konya, by means of interviews and regular conversations with teachers and parents of children with autism, over the period from 03.01.2015 until 04.05.2015. In order to obtain the data, three types of survey questionnaires were employed in this research.
Genetic research shows there are clusters of genes that may be involved in ASD but suggests that environmental triggers are significant as well. This article asks if child restraint and concomitant time in child seats could be a one of those triggers.
An Analogical Study of the Narrative Techniques Used In the Film Paradesi (20...inventionjournals
Narrations in films have always taken the primary place. Understanding the narrative culture of a medium becomes the prime motive of the narrator while working on adaptations. There is a strong connection between the verbal and visual representation is sequence, since literary and filmic signs are apprehended consecutively through time. The success and acceptability of a film is based on the narration style and techniques. This is very much true in Tamil cinema narrative patterns. While trying to adapt the story from a medium the director of the film Bala, has focused on trying to maintain the narrative syntax of the original, but has also closely followed the semantics of visual design. The Tamil film Paradesi is an adaptation of the Tamil translation Yerium Panikkadu of the novel ‘Red Tea’, which was has been an inspiration for the director.
One of the areas which creates satisfaction in individuals is their work life. Lack of job satisfaction causes negative feelings within an individual. Low job satisfaction can have negative effects such as resigning or absenteeism from work, arriving late at work and working slowly. For this reason, it is important to investigate job satisfaction levels and the factors affecting this in midwives giving health services. This work was carried out with the aim of detemining the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction in midwives and some socio-demographic characteristics of the job satisfaction levels. Within the framework of this descriptive study, 106 midwives who worked within the Sivas province and agreed to participate in this study were studied. Data were collected using ‘Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Midwives’ and ‘Scale of Job Satifaction in Nursing’. The data collected from the research were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis, Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests within the SPSS 10.0 computer program. The average general job satisfaction points of the midwives was 47.08 ± 15.52. The average job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were found to be high at a significant level (p<0.05).>0.05). It was established that the organisation they work at, length of working life, whether they had worked continuously or had a break from work, weekly working hours, way of working and amount of individuals to whom care was given did not affect their job satisfaction point averages (p>0.05). It was also determined that the general job satisfaction point average levels were not affected by whether they had children or not, the number of children they had and the age of the youngest child (p>0.05). In contrast, the job satisfaction levels of midwives who worked in hospitals in terms of the possibility of development and working conditions were significantly higher than midwives who worked at health centres (p<0.05). Job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were high. Midwives who worked in hospitals who had the possibility of development and different working conditions had greater job satisfaction than midwives who worked at health centres. The remaining socio-demographic charateristics did not affect job satisfaction in the midwives.
Society and Environment in Ancient India (Study of Hydrology)inventionjournals
This document discusses the advanced hydraulic engineering techniques used in ancient Indian civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic period, and various dynasties across North and South India. It describes various water conservation and management structures like reservoirs, dams, canals, wells and drainage systems developed during these periods to store rainwater and support agriculture. Key examples highlighted include the Great Bath structures in Harappan cities, extensive reservoir networks in Dholavira, irrigation works constructed during the Mauryan empire, and large artificial lakes and tank systems developed in regions like Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and the Deccan plateau.
Cronic Energy Deficiency And Body Mass Index of Bhotia Tribal Children of Gar...inventionjournals
This document presents findings from a study on the body mass index (BMI) of Bhotia tribal children in the Garhwal Himalaya region of India. The study involved measuring the height, weight, and calculating the BMI of 643 Bhotia children aged 6-18 years. The results showed that 13.02% of girls and 6.84% of boys had grade 1 chronic energy deficiency, while a small number of boys (0.29%) also had grade 2 or 3 deficiency. Most children had a normal BMI, with 88.69% of boys and 75.24% of girls in the normal range. A higher percentage of girls (11.72%) than boys (3.86%) were
The Outsider and the Mediator: Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis as a Diasporic Me...inventionjournals
Persepolis is a graphic memoir which details the life and experiences of Marjane Satrapi, a young girl who grew up in the midst of the Iranian revolution and war. Satrapi is a diasporic writer who looks into her past, to regenerate the civil and social strife, violence and fanaticism that interpolate her childhood memories. Her graphic novel is one of the many Iranian diasporic memoirs which reveals a struggle for a reconnaissance and assimilation of the identity of the Iranian individual. Marji, the narrator persona, engages the reader by recounting her first hand experiences through the memoir. Satrapi narrates the story, and often stands in place of Marji, to discuss the social and political realities of her time. She imagines a reader who is an outsider to the politico-social and economic conditions of Iran. Her identity as an expatriate, however, impedes her from assuming the identity of the ordinary Iranian woman. She thus is relegated to the role of a mediator.
Effectiveness of New Media as a Tool of Edu-Entertainment among School Childreninventionjournals
In this era of technological revolution and changing patterns of family life, children’s favorite pastime has gone beyond outdoor activities or reading bed time stories. Like any other age group, media and children are dependent mutually for their existence. While a majority of children are found watching Television, surfing internet, playing video games on smart phones or on computer, or watching their favorite cartoon/videos online media, we also have children being seriously considered as their prospective customers. We have an influx of Kids channels on Television, comics, VCD’s/DVD’s and New Media in its various manifestations are available in abundance. Childhood also refers to education and children spend a quality time in schools. Thanks to the concept of globalization, technological revolution has made their presence in many international schools that have mushroomed in many big cities. New Media which has found its niche in all fields has not spared education field also. Bangalore being an IT hub hosts innumerable types of educational franchise catering to the needs of customers. One of the most defining factors as observed in these schools is their extensive usage of new media tools as part of their system. In these schools the children are not only being exposed to new media as an educative medium but also for entertainment purposes, thus providing an impetus for better learning and understanding
Principles of Islamic Economics In The Light Of the Holy Quran and Sunnahinventionjournals
The purpose of this research is to review the principles of Islamic economy with reference to injunctions of Islam. This paper presents selected literature relating to the principles of Economics of Islam according to the Holy Quran. The study of the Holy Quran reveals that the basic principles of Islamic Economy are briefly discussed in the Holy Book while the details are elaborated in the Ahadith(Traditions of the Holy Prophet S.A.W). These principles have been transformed into inferred rules by the AIMAS (Mujtahdeen) in the light of the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. To ensure economic equality, Allah the Al mighty, has directed the rich(wealthy) people to share their financial resources with the needy people. This ensures equal distribution of wealth in the society. Through Islamic Economic System, the concept of Welfare State can be successfully implemented, As practically demonstrated by Companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A .W)(Khulafa-ERashideen)During their Rule(Caliphate) for a period of about 30 years. Allah Ta’ala has promised to provide livelihood to every soul, as such; nobody lives without food and the means of livelihood in this way, equality in economic right has been ensured for all. If the principles of Islamic economy are implemented in letter and spirit, it will contribute towards the economic development in the society. An Economic System based on the Quranic principles of equitable society and productive investment can effectively remove much of the chronic economic illnesses as suffered by the Modern Society
Stakeholder’s Participation in Watershed Programme for Sustainable Livelihood...inventionjournals
Stakeholders have significant contribution in effective implementation of the Watershed Development Programme. A study conducted with 192 watershed people in tribal areas from four blocks in Nuapara and Kalahandi districts of Odisha revealed for the poor participation of the stakeholders in implementation of the programme. Professional attitude, assuming responsibility for success, accountability, sincerity, interest and interpersonal relationships were lacking with the officials. Sufficient attempts were not given for community organisation particularly leadership development, good harmony, cooperation and coordination among people. Adequate supports were not extended for credit, input supply and infrastructure developments. Technical guidance particularly immediate action on field problems, close monitoring and supervision, training, exposure and diagnostic visits were lacking. The Watershed Mission Director and the Collector and District Magistrate as the chairman of the district advisory committee have to take all attempt for active participation of the stakeholders and organise watershed community properly for successful implementation of the programme towards upliftment of tribal people
The Interconnection between Individually Guided Professional Development Acti...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between individually-guided professional development activities and teacher autonomy. It finds that while teachers do not see themselves as autonomous in their professional development, they believe there is a strong connection between individual activities and developing autonomy. The study collected data through questionnaires and interviews with 60 English teachers in Turkey. It found that teachers are aware of their professional needs and engage in some individual activities like attending summer schools. However, they are less inclined to collaborative or research-based activities. Overall, teachers prefer internally-oriented learning like self-evaluation over externally-oriented activities.
Indian migration is estimated at 20 – 25 million worldwide. This includes inexperienced, semi-skilled and able workers moving from India over the past two centennials (Khadria, 2006)[1]. People have desires for recognition, achievement and fulfillment of dreams. In order to reach their desires, they migrate to places which they think are better, create societal and cultural norms and try and come up with strategies which would guarantee a positive result. Berlant terms this as Cruel Optimism, which determines the relationship between desires and hindrances. She illustrates that cruel optimism can occur “when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing… It might rest on something like a new habit that promises to induce in you an improved way of being” (Berlant, 2006: 21)[2]. In the course of achieving their desires, many people get disappointed. They can lose their identity, their family, their homeland, and many more. Many a times, it is imagined that life can be better if one moves to another country, after marriage or when the societal norms are refused. This imagined world is different from the real world as desires and longings do not bring satisfaction to everyone. The aim of this paper is to observe the distinction between the world-as-it-is-imagined and the world as it is constructed in our day-to-day lives. With reference to two fictions of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, this paper will determine that people many times get cruelly optimistic and choose to move to another place. Divakaruni’s novels are about Indians moving from India to America, however, the idea is universal and very much relevant to the Pacific, and to transnational identity and diaspora.
Estudo Do Absenteísmo-Doença Entre Trabalhadores De Uma Indústria Do Estado D...inventionjournals
1) O estudo analisou 187 atestados médicos de trabalhadores de uma indústria no Amazonas para identificar as principais causas de absenteísmo por doença e seus impactos na produtividade.
2) As doenças mais comuns que causaram afastamentos foram problemas respiratórios, musculoesqueléticos e problemas gerais de saúde.
3) O absenteísmo por doença tem significativos custos para a indústria e trabalhadores e pode ser reduzido por meio de ações de promoção da
A Critical Analyses of the Constitutional Provisions for the Welfare and Deve...inventionjournals
The Constitution of India guaranteed different provisions for socio -economic and political development of all sections of people by enjoying all their potential and rights as a citizen. There is no distinction or difference among the people of the country in terms of law under the Constitution in India. But how far these provisions of the constitution are implemented or in what way these provisions are enjoying by the Indian citizen or what are the factors that disturbed to the fulfillment of these provisions etc are the questions that need to be studied in an academic way and that will have to transmit to the civil populac. This small paper is a humble attempt to discuss about the policies and programmes of the Government of India for the welfare and development of women, and the real position of women, who are facing different problems in the name of different customs, cultures, traditions etc.
“But, Did It Work?”Effects of Teacher-Implemented ComputerAssisted Instructio...inventionjournals
Four students with learning disabilities participated in a supplemental repeated reading intervention in order to increase oral reading fluency (ORF) skills. Teachers implemented the computerized intervention with the students in an inclusive classroom during reading/language arts time. The students engaged with the computerized repeated reading program three times per week for 10 weeks. Teachers administered generalization passages once a week to determine each student’s reading skills on passages that had not been read. Study data revealed mixed results as the students increased their ORF on progress monitoring generalization passages and tended to reach their goals, but only two of the four students showed a positive level change on the computerized repeated reading intervention passages. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Pancasila Democracy to Religious Socialism and Its Chance against Law Based O...inventionjournals
Ideology within a country influences both law and economic policy. Economic capitalism, socialism, Islamic economy and also the economy of Pancasila has its own character in which will influence the level of welfare of the society of Indonesia with the constitution and ideology of Pancasila philosophy has led to a value order of national and state law on the foundations of economic values of Pancasila, which provides opportunities to accommodate the religious law, including the law derived from zakat which incidentally is one of the elements of the Islam religious law into legislation. It is a part of capacity in carrying out functions of the state to realize the ideals of justice and public welfare.
Culture, which is utilized to hand down material and spiritual values created in the process of social development to next generations, serves as a communication system within and among societies. As for culinary culture, it is included as a sub-category of culture and varies from region to region. Today, tourists may come to a destination within the scope of gastronomy tourism to taste foods belonging to that specific region and taste different flavors, and also to get to know various cuisines. Gastronomy activities need to be carried out and also within this context culinary museums need to be established in these destinations both to develop gastronomy tourism and to introduce cuisine, local foods and the history of these local foods apart from culinary culture. This study has been carried out with the purpose of introducing gastronomy and culinary museums founded in our country to introduce and sustain regional and traditional culinarycultures.
One of the important routes providing the transportation between the Hellespont and the Kapıdağ Peninsula in the Byzantine period followed the Scamander and Aisepos Valleys. These valleys constitute one of the areas we study to determine the military geography and defensive structures of the Hellespont and its vicinity in the Byzantine period. In this manuscript, it was aimed to evaluate the archaeological data we detected at Asarkale on the upper Aisepos Valley. It was predicted that the data to be obtained with this evaluation would first of all contribute to the settlement of the problems of dating the structure. Asartepe is approximately 310 m in length in the north-east - south-west direction. The highest altitude of the hill is measured as around 798 m. First of all, a plan of the castle was drawn up by following the walls of the castle in our study. The castle displays a long and narrow plan in the north-east - south-west direction, in agreement with the topography of the hill. The defensive wall covering the north-west of the hill approximately extends from the altitude of 783 m to the altitude of 795 m in the north-east - south-west direction.
The aim of this study is to develop a mixed school safety scale by reviewing the approaches in the literature. The literature review has resulted in a 44-item pool for the scale. This initial scale has been evaluated by ten faculty members of Faculty of Education in terms of content validity and language. Pilot scheme has been applied to 257 primary school teachers in Uşak provincial center. Following item analysis, 28 items with low factor load have been dismissed, leaving 16 items in the scale. The scale is a 4- point Likert scale and all items consist of positive judgement. The scale has then been reapplied to 400 teachers in Uşak provincial center, while 320 of them have been evaluated. The reliability of the scale has been provided by item analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha internal validity coefficient and split half test reliability. The structural validity of the scale has been tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses respectively. Following exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, two more items have been dismissed and the scale has been finalized with 14 items. Final scale has been seen to have an acceptable level of goodness of fit value. The scale items consist of two dimensions as police model and school climate, covering the safety models present in the literature.
A peer-reviewed article I co-authored that seeks to explain why—despite the potential for gas from Siberia and the Russian Far East to provide greater energy security for Northeast Asia—a decade of negotiations has still not resulted in an agreement to construct the Kovykta pipeline.
Social Maturity of Adolescents In Relation To Their Home Environmentinventionjournals
Social maturity is a necessary aspect for the individual and society. Each individual is expected to show mature behavior in adolescence period because the socially immature behavior of child can be ignored but not the adolescent. Only a socially matured adolescent can be accepted both by the peers and society. The present study was undertaken to study the social maturity of adolescent students in relation to their home environment. The sample comprised of 500 adolescent students studying in 11th and 12th standards of Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of South Haryana. Rao’s Social Maturity Scale was used to asses social maturity of adolescent students and Mishra’s Home Environment Inventory was used to study home environment of students. The obtained data was analyzed using Mean , S.D. ,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation through SPSS version(17). The result of the present study revealed that there is significant negative relation between social maturity of adolescent students and various dimensions of home environment related to them.
Attitudes And Opinions of Parents and Teachers About Autism in Turkeyinventionjournals
Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the way a person communicates and relates to people around them. Bringing up an autistic child is a hard and long journey, but parents have various options and places to turn for help. For example, they can learn and use certain strategies to help communicate with autistic children. Teaching strategies for students with ASD still need to be individualized, and it is fairly important for teachers to realize their expectations of their students. Children with autism often have visualspatial strengths so teachers can modify their instructional strategies several ways by demonstrating and modelling expected skills. The purpose of this study is to explain the attitudes and opinions of parents and teachers about autism in Turkey. The participants of the study consists of 82 subjects, 42 of whom were parents of children with autism and the remaining 40 were teachers of students with autism. This study was carried out several public and private schools in Konya, by means of interviews and regular conversations with teachers and parents of children with autism, over the period from 03.01.2015 until 04.05.2015. In order to obtain the data, three types of survey questionnaires were employed in this research.
Genetic research shows there are clusters of genes that may be involved in ASD but suggests that environmental triggers are significant as well. This article asks if child restraint and concomitant time in child seats could be a one of those triggers.
An Analogical Study of the Narrative Techniques Used In the Film Paradesi (20...inventionjournals
Narrations in films have always taken the primary place. Understanding the narrative culture of a medium becomes the prime motive of the narrator while working on adaptations. There is a strong connection between the verbal and visual representation is sequence, since literary and filmic signs are apprehended consecutively through time. The success and acceptability of a film is based on the narration style and techniques. This is very much true in Tamil cinema narrative patterns. While trying to adapt the story from a medium the director of the film Bala, has focused on trying to maintain the narrative syntax of the original, but has also closely followed the semantics of visual design. The Tamil film Paradesi is an adaptation of the Tamil translation Yerium Panikkadu of the novel ‘Red Tea’, which was has been an inspiration for the director.
One of the areas which creates satisfaction in individuals is their work life. Lack of job satisfaction causes negative feelings within an individual. Low job satisfaction can have negative effects such as resigning or absenteeism from work, arriving late at work and working slowly. For this reason, it is important to investigate job satisfaction levels and the factors affecting this in midwives giving health services. This work was carried out with the aim of detemining the relationship between the levels of job satisfaction in midwives and some socio-demographic characteristics of the job satisfaction levels. Within the framework of this descriptive study, 106 midwives who worked within the Sivas province and agreed to participate in this study were studied. Data were collected using ‘Socio-Demographic Questionnaire for Midwives’ and ‘Scale of Job Satifaction in Nursing’. The data collected from the research were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis, Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests within the SPSS 10.0 computer program. The average general job satisfaction points of the midwives was 47.08 ± 15.52. The average job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were found to be high at a significant level (p<0.05).>0.05). It was established that the organisation they work at, length of working life, whether they had worked continuously or had a break from work, weekly working hours, way of working and amount of individuals to whom care was given did not affect their job satisfaction point averages (p>0.05). It was also determined that the general job satisfaction point average levels were not affected by whether they had children or not, the number of children they had and the age of the youngest child (p>0.05). In contrast, the job satisfaction levels of midwives who worked in hospitals in terms of the possibility of development and working conditions were significantly higher than midwives who worked at health centres (p<0.05). Job satisfaction levels in midwives who chose the occupation themselves, wanted to be in the profession and found that midwifery suited them were high. Midwives who worked in hospitals who had the possibility of development and different working conditions had greater job satisfaction than midwives who worked at health centres. The remaining socio-demographic charateristics did not affect job satisfaction in the midwives.
Society and Environment in Ancient India (Study of Hydrology)inventionjournals
This document discusses the advanced hydraulic engineering techniques used in ancient Indian civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic period, and various dynasties across North and South India. It describes various water conservation and management structures like reservoirs, dams, canals, wells and drainage systems developed during these periods to store rainwater and support agriculture. Key examples highlighted include the Great Bath structures in Harappan cities, extensive reservoir networks in Dholavira, irrigation works constructed during the Mauryan empire, and large artificial lakes and tank systems developed in regions like Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and the Deccan plateau.
Cronic Energy Deficiency And Body Mass Index of Bhotia Tribal Children of Gar...inventionjournals
This document presents findings from a study on the body mass index (BMI) of Bhotia tribal children in the Garhwal Himalaya region of India. The study involved measuring the height, weight, and calculating the BMI of 643 Bhotia children aged 6-18 years. The results showed that 13.02% of girls and 6.84% of boys had grade 1 chronic energy deficiency, while a small number of boys (0.29%) also had grade 2 or 3 deficiency. Most children had a normal BMI, with 88.69% of boys and 75.24% of girls in the normal range. A higher percentage of girls (11.72%) than boys (3.86%) were
The Outsider and the Mediator: Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis as a Diasporic Me...inventionjournals
Persepolis is a graphic memoir which details the life and experiences of Marjane Satrapi, a young girl who grew up in the midst of the Iranian revolution and war. Satrapi is a diasporic writer who looks into her past, to regenerate the civil and social strife, violence and fanaticism that interpolate her childhood memories. Her graphic novel is one of the many Iranian diasporic memoirs which reveals a struggle for a reconnaissance and assimilation of the identity of the Iranian individual. Marji, the narrator persona, engages the reader by recounting her first hand experiences through the memoir. Satrapi narrates the story, and often stands in place of Marji, to discuss the social and political realities of her time. She imagines a reader who is an outsider to the politico-social and economic conditions of Iran. Her identity as an expatriate, however, impedes her from assuming the identity of the ordinary Iranian woman. She thus is relegated to the role of a mediator.
Effectiveness of New Media as a Tool of Edu-Entertainment among School Childreninventionjournals
In this era of technological revolution and changing patterns of family life, children’s favorite pastime has gone beyond outdoor activities or reading bed time stories. Like any other age group, media and children are dependent mutually for their existence. While a majority of children are found watching Television, surfing internet, playing video games on smart phones or on computer, or watching their favorite cartoon/videos online media, we also have children being seriously considered as their prospective customers. We have an influx of Kids channels on Television, comics, VCD’s/DVD’s and New Media in its various manifestations are available in abundance. Childhood also refers to education and children spend a quality time in schools. Thanks to the concept of globalization, technological revolution has made their presence in many international schools that have mushroomed in many big cities. New Media which has found its niche in all fields has not spared education field also. Bangalore being an IT hub hosts innumerable types of educational franchise catering to the needs of customers. One of the most defining factors as observed in these schools is their extensive usage of new media tools as part of their system. In these schools the children are not only being exposed to new media as an educative medium but also for entertainment purposes, thus providing an impetus for better learning and understanding
Principles of Islamic Economics In The Light Of the Holy Quran and Sunnahinventionjournals
The purpose of this research is to review the principles of Islamic economy with reference to injunctions of Islam. This paper presents selected literature relating to the principles of Economics of Islam according to the Holy Quran. The study of the Holy Quran reveals that the basic principles of Islamic Economy are briefly discussed in the Holy Book while the details are elaborated in the Ahadith(Traditions of the Holy Prophet S.A.W). These principles have been transformed into inferred rules by the AIMAS (Mujtahdeen) in the light of the Holy Quran and the Ahadith. To ensure economic equality, Allah the Al mighty, has directed the rich(wealthy) people to share their financial resources with the needy people. This ensures equal distribution of wealth in the society. Through Islamic Economic System, the concept of Welfare State can be successfully implemented, As practically demonstrated by Companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A .W)(Khulafa-ERashideen)During their Rule(Caliphate) for a period of about 30 years. Allah Ta’ala has promised to provide livelihood to every soul, as such; nobody lives without food and the means of livelihood in this way, equality in economic right has been ensured for all. If the principles of Islamic economy are implemented in letter and spirit, it will contribute towards the economic development in the society. An Economic System based on the Quranic principles of equitable society and productive investment can effectively remove much of the chronic economic illnesses as suffered by the Modern Society
Stakeholder’s Participation in Watershed Programme for Sustainable Livelihood...inventionjournals
Stakeholders have significant contribution in effective implementation of the Watershed Development Programme. A study conducted with 192 watershed people in tribal areas from four blocks in Nuapara and Kalahandi districts of Odisha revealed for the poor participation of the stakeholders in implementation of the programme. Professional attitude, assuming responsibility for success, accountability, sincerity, interest and interpersonal relationships were lacking with the officials. Sufficient attempts were not given for community organisation particularly leadership development, good harmony, cooperation and coordination among people. Adequate supports were not extended for credit, input supply and infrastructure developments. Technical guidance particularly immediate action on field problems, close monitoring and supervision, training, exposure and diagnostic visits were lacking. The Watershed Mission Director and the Collector and District Magistrate as the chairman of the district advisory committee have to take all attempt for active participation of the stakeholders and organise watershed community properly for successful implementation of the programme towards upliftment of tribal people
The Interconnection between Individually Guided Professional Development Acti...inventionjournals
The document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between individually-guided professional development activities and teacher autonomy. It finds that while teachers do not see themselves as autonomous in their professional development, they believe there is a strong connection between individual activities and developing autonomy. The study collected data through questionnaires and interviews with 60 English teachers in Turkey. It found that teachers are aware of their professional needs and engage in some individual activities like attending summer schools. However, they are less inclined to collaborative or research-based activities. Overall, teachers prefer internally-oriented learning like self-evaluation over externally-oriented activities.
Indian migration is estimated at 20 – 25 million worldwide. This includes inexperienced, semi-skilled and able workers moving from India over the past two centennials (Khadria, 2006)[1]. People have desires for recognition, achievement and fulfillment of dreams. In order to reach their desires, they migrate to places which they think are better, create societal and cultural norms and try and come up with strategies which would guarantee a positive result. Berlant terms this as Cruel Optimism, which determines the relationship between desires and hindrances. She illustrates that cruel optimism can occur “when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing… It might rest on something like a new habit that promises to induce in you an improved way of being” (Berlant, 2006: 21)[2]. In the course of achieving their desires, many people get disappointed. They can lose their identity, their family, their homeland, and many more. Many a times, it is imagined that life can be better if one moves to another country, after marriage or when the societal norms are refused. This imagined world is different from the real world as desires and longings do not bring satisfaction to everyone. The aim of this paper is to observe the distinction between the world-as-it-is-imagined and the world as it is constructed in our day-to-day lives. With reference to two fictions of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, this paper will determine that people many times get cruelly optimistic and choose to move to another place. Divakaruni’s novels are about Indians moving from India to America, however, the idea is universal and very much relevant to the Pacific, and to transnational identity and diaspora.
Estudo Do Absenteísmo-Doença Entre Trabalhadores De Uma Indústria Do Estado D...inventionjournals
1) O estudo analisou 187 atestados médicos de trabalhadores de uma indústria no Amazonas para identificar as principais causas de absenteísmo por doença e seus impactos na produtividade.
2) As doenças mais comuns que causaram afastamentos foram problemas respiratórios, musculoesqueléticos e problemas gerais de saúde.
3) O absenteísmo por doença tem significativos custos para a indústria e trabalhadores e pode ser reduzido por meio de ações de promoção da
A Critical Analyses of the Constitutional Provisions for the Welfare and Deve...inventionjournals
The Constitution of India guaranteed different provisions for socio -economic and political development of all sections of people by enjoying all their potential and rights as a citizen. There is no distinction or difference among the people of the country in terms of law under the Constitution in India. But how far these provisions of the constitution are implemented or in what way these provisions are enjoying by the Indian citizen or what are the factors that disturbed to the fulfillment of these provisions etc are the questions that need to be studied in an academic way and that will have to transmit to the civil populac. This small paper is a humble attempt to discuss about the policies and programmes of the Government of India for the welfare and development of women, and the real position of women, who are facing different problems in the name of different customs, cultures, traditions etc.
“But, Did It Work?”Effects of Teacher-Implemented ComputerAssisted Instructio...inventionjournals
Four students with learning disabilities participated in a supplemental repeated reading intervention in order to increase oral reading fluency (ORF) skills. Teachers implemented the computerized intervention with the students in an inclusive classroom during reading/language arts time. The students engaged with the computerized repeated reading program three times per week for 10 weeks. Teachers administered generalization passages once a week to determine each student’s reading skills on passages that had not been read. Study data revealed mixed results as the students increased their ORF on progress monitoring generalization passages and tended to reach their goals, but only two of the four students showed a positive level change on the computerized repeated reading intervention passages. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Pancasila Democracy to Religious Socialism and Its Chance against Law Based O...inventionjournals
Ideology within a country influences both law and economic policy. Economic capitalism, socialism, Islamic economy and also the economy of Pancasila has its own character in which will influence the level of welfare of the society of Indonesia with the constitution and ideology of Pancasila philosophy has led to a value order of national and state law on the foundations of economic values of Pancasila, which provides opportunities to accommodate the religious law, including the law derived from zakat which incidentally is one of the elements of the Islam religious law into legislation. It is a part of capacity in carrying out functions of the state to realize the ideals of justice and public welfare.
Culture, which is utilized to hand down material and spiritual values created in the process of social development to next generations, serves as a communication system within and among societies. As for culinary culture, it is included as a sub-category of culture and varies from region to region. Today, tourists may come to a destination within the scope of gastronomy tourism to taste foods belonging to that specific region and taste different flavors, and also to get to know various cuisines. Gastronomy activities need to be carried out and also within this context culinary museums need to be established in these destinations both to develop gastronomy tourism and to introduce cuisine, local foods and the history of these local foods apart from culinary culture. This study has been carried out with the purpose of introducing gastronomy and culinary museums founded in our country to introduce and sustain regional and traditional culinarycultures.
One of the important routes providing the transportation between the Hellespont and the Kapıdağ Peninsula in the Byzantine period followed the Scamander and Aisepos Valleys. These valleys constitute one of the areas we study to determine the military geography and defensive structures of the Hellespont and its vicinity in the Byzantine period. In this manuscript, it was aimed to evaluate the archaeological data we detected at Asarkale on the upper Aisepos Valley. It was predicted that the data to be obtained with this evaluation would first of all contribute to the settlement of the problems of dating the structure. Asartepe is approximately 310 m in length in the north-east - south-west direction. The highest altitude of the hill is measured as around 798 m. First of all, a plan of the castle was drawn up by following the walls of the castle in our study. The castle displays a long and narrow plan in the north-east - south-west direction, in agreement with the topography of the hill. The defensive wall covering the north-west of the hill approximately extends from the altitude of 783 m to the altitude of 795 m in the north-east - south-west direction.
The aim of this study is to develop a mixed school safety scale by reviewing the approaches in the literature. The literature review has resulted in a 44-item pool for the scale. This initial scale has been evaluated by ten faculty members of Faculty of Education in terms of content validity and language. Pilot scheme has been applied to 257 primary school teachers in Uşak provincial center. Following item analysis, 28 items with low factor load have been dismissed, leaving 16 items in the scale. The scale is a 4- point Likert scale and all items consist of positive judgement. The scale has then been reapplied to 400 teachers in Uşak provincial center, while 320 of them have been evaluated. The reliability of the scale has been provided by item analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha internal validity coefficient and split half test reliability. The structural validity of the scale has been tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses respectively. Following exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, two more items have been dismissed and the scale has been finalized with 14 items. Final scale has been seen to have an acceptable level of goodness of fit value. The scale items consist of two dimensions as police model and school climate, covering the safety models present in the literature.
A peer-reviewed article I co-authored that seeks to explain why—despite the potential for gas from Siberia and the Russian Far East to provide greater energy security for Northeast Asia—a decade of negotiations has still not resulted in an agreement to construct the Kovykta pipeline.
Unmasking the Power Play Gas Geopolitics in Europe.pdfAstute Connect
Dive into the intricate dynamics of gas geopolitics in Europe with 'Unmasking the Power Play.' Explore the strategic maneuvers shaping energy landscapes in this succinct and compelling analysis.
Essay based on the crisis in Ukraine and the role of the access to energy resources (oil and natural gas) in developing/resolving the conflict, with the focus on relations between two super powers EU and Russia.
The document discusses the geopolitics surrounding energy politics in the Caspian region, with a focus on Turkmenistan's natural gas resources and pipeline options. Following the Soviet Union's collapse, there was intense competition over control of the Caspian region's oil and gas. Turkmenistan has significant natural gas reserves but has faced challenges exporting its gas due to geopolitical factors and lack of alternative pipelines not controlled by Russia. The document examines Turkmenistan's pipeline options to Europe and Asia and the interests of regional players like the US, Russia, and China in controlling access to Caspian energy.
This document provides an overview of Azerbaijan's energy market and the role of Turkey. It discusses how Azerbaijan gained independence in 1991 and faced economic crisis initially due to regional conflicts and loss of Soviet support. It then summarizes how Azerbaijan signed major oil and gas contracts in 1994 and 1996, bringing foreign investment and economic recovery. This allowed development of pipelines like Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum, strengthening Azerbaijan's economy and role as an energy exporter. It also notes Turkey's importance as Azerbaijan aims to integrate into trans-Atlantic structures while navigating complex regional geopolitics.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Analyzing of the Geopolitical Energy Confrontation in the Caucasus: Role of Iran, After Sanctions Were Lifted
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 6 ||June. 2016 || PP.22-26
www.ijhssi.org 22 | P a g e
Analyzing of the Geopolitical Energy Confrontation in the
Caucasus: Role of Iran, After Sanctions Were Lifted
Dogan Girgin
MA, Study Process Administrator of the Faculty of Social Sciences, International Black Sea University, Tbilisi,
Georgia.
Abstract: This article examines one of the main issues which may influence all of the Caucasus region on
political and economic grounds. A geopolitical energy rivalry has taken a significant place among regional and
global actors particularly in the Caucasus region. In this regard, the research purposed suggest analyzing the
distribution of the energy power and geopolitical interests of Russia, European Union, Iran and Turkey which
correlate with utilizing the significant position of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia in terms of the supplying
and transferring energy resources. Lifting economic and political sanction by the West in Iran will bring new
economic opportunities in the energy sector because of it being a strong player in terms of the supplying of
energy resources that its influence will provide in the transforming of the international energy market.
Decreasing oil and gas prices in the world marketplace has negatively affected Russia's economy. Taking
regional states position on the geopolitical ground into account, one of the Russian purposes is pressuring
countries like (Georgia, Azerbaijan etc.) in order to increase the importation of energy resources from Moscow
while utilizing their position as a primary supplier of energy to other countries. In this case, coming from an
Iranian influence on the region may escalate increasing new geopolitical energy confrontation particularly
between main regional actors Iran and Russia. Geopolitically transforming the region brings advantages and
disadvantages on the energy sector and this illustrates the characteristics of this region which are quite fragile
and sensitive. Analyzing the energy relations between those countries will enable the use by policy makers for
political stability and regional cooperation in the region.
Keywords: Energy confrontation, Caucasus, Pipeline projects, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia
I. Introduction
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus region was completely transformed as a
result of this radical geopolitical change. In this regard, geopolitics concept describes characteristic of the
region. This concept as the Davtyan mentioned that is not only related to geographical factor but also contains
the position of the economic, political, as well as military argument. Taking geopolitical concept into account,
this region outlines that consist of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and states which are a surrounding this region
are Russia, Turkey and Iran (Davtyan, 2014).
Moreover, from an energy perspective, observing the concept deeply illustrates that it also includes the
emerging new states which are located as main players in the energy sector in terms of the supplying and
transferring of natural resources to the international marketplace. In this context, developing and encouraging
the new energy pipeline projects provide an ability to increase geopolitical significance of this region in the
world, so analyzing natural resources projects demonstrates regional and global actors national interest in case
of the energy implementation. As mentioned previously the underlying issues of this region are quite sensitive
and fragile because of the linking of Black Sea and Caspian Sea regions, it has taken place as transition position
(between Eastern and Western districts) so that region is convenient not only for transferring energy resources
but also international terrorism, human rights, ethnic conflict, humanitarian disasters, and environmental
problems. Taking importance of the region into account, it is necessary to indicate that regional and global
actors have paid more attention to this area. Particularly, the Russian position as the region has already been
influenced and dominated by Russian political, economic, as well as military powers.
Furthermore, Russia's aim is the control of the transportation of natural resources by preventing
construction any kind of alternative energy pipelines in the region. Furthermore, Russian aggressive policy is
related to the suppression of internal policy of the states that its significance is mentioned as a existing internal
problem in (NagornoKarabakh (NK), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, as well as Ukraine) has been challenging to
be more active and an influential actor in the Caucasus region in terms of the increasing the diversification of
various energy projects. In this context, it is significant to Iran's position after sanctions were abolished by the
West that Iran desired to increase its relations with the Black Sea and Caspian Sea regional countries in order to
transform its natural resources to the international marketplace, particularly European countries. Besides this,
the lifting of said sanctions have brought economic advantages for Iran as one of the main issues on Iran's
agenda which has involved the focus on the international energy marketplace as a new energy partner. Due to
2. Analyzing of the Geopolitical Energy Confrontation in the Caucasus: Role of Iran, After Sanctions…
www.ijhssi.org 23 | P a g e
the presence of Russian towards regional challenges and issues for increasing the Iranian expansion on the
energy needs of the Caucasus region.
Furthermore, during the study of the geopolitical energy rivalries in the Caucasus region it is the
utilization of the contributions for the qualitative methodology and interdisciplinary methods as well as the
distributions of the power theory. As for a research question related to this issue, it will be followed by the
sanction lifted on Iran's position, and will take place in terms of the escalating geopolitical energy completion in
the Black Sea and Caspian Sea region.
II. After the Sanction Were Lifted, the Significance of the Iranian-Georgian Energy Relations
As mentioned previously Georgia has a significant position in the Caucasus region, as the Grigoryan
stated that Tbilisi wants to utilize its geopolitical location in order to increase developing energy relations with
Tehran. While on the other hand, Georgia has the same purpose with Russian relations as well. It is significant
to highlight that this country plays a crucial role between the Persian Gulf and Black Sea region in terms of the
transfer of natural resources. Furthermore, there is great potential on the importing of Iranian natural resources
to Georgia. On the other hand, there is one alternative which is transforming the Russian gas and oil to Georgia
(Grigoryan, 2016). In this context, it is necessary to mention that the diversity of the distribution of these energy
resources causes clashing national interest between Iran and Russia, as they share common political interests.
This poses a potential problem with the increase exporting of their natural resources to Black Sea countries.
Besides taking these interests into account, Georgia has taken a dominate place as a transit country between
Caucasus region countries.
After the post-sanction era, Iran has opened its door to international trade which has provided these
political and economic advantages. Case in point, Georgia has potential to be a strong trading partner with Iran
as this has become a priority of the foreign policy of Tehran.
According to Parizad report, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister MortezaSarmadi said that ``the
enhancement of collaborations will lead to economic growth, and that in turn will result in stability, security,
and improved regional ties`` (Parizad, 2016). Taking this into consideration, Iran is willing to develop relations
with Georgia on the many factors, particularly in the energy field. Moreover, as Danelia highlighted, Georgia
location in the Caucasus gives it a interconnected, geopolitical, and geostrategic factors on a regional scale as
well as on a global scale (Danelia, 2016). Iran's involvement in the international energy market would be a
challenged to some countries such as (Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, etc.) whose economic income is directly
dependent on energy resource based revenue as Johnson has indicated, that Iran has already started to negotiate
trades towards European Union countries in order to facilitate a growing demand in oil and gas, to deter former
trade between Russian. Taking this fact into account, it is significant to underline that Iran and Georgia have the
potential to become key players in the global oil trade. In this context, as Johnson stated that Iran has potentially
vast energy resources so that finding a viable energy market is one of the significant issues in Tehran’s agenda.
In addition, Europe's aim is to increase the diversification of its supply in oil and gas.
Taking the significant demand of energy that the EU requires into account, that European countries aim
is to decrease their dependence on Russian energy and its monopoly through its current energy policies with
Europe. As for EU-Iran relation, after the lifting of its sanction by the West, Iran has become one of the primary
countries in the supply of energy resources outside of Russian, therefore the EU's aim and interest is in
exporting cheap oil and gas from Iran. Transferring oil and gas from Iran to the EU countries signals a
geopolitical significance of the Georgian-Western trade with Iran. In this context, political and economic
implications or movements of Georgia is crucial in the case of potentially causing a new energy conflict
between Russia and Iran, even though there are geopolitical characteristics in the Caucasus region that make it
quite fragile and sensitive (Johnson, 2016).
There is no doubt, Georgia wants to increase energy and economic relations with Iran.As the Ogutcu
reported that finding alternative ways to regulate relations with Iran is on the Tbilisi agenda particularly after the
sanctions were lifted. As there is no doubt that Russia is also looking in such a way to increase its energy
monopoly towards Georgia, even though Azerbaijan announced that they have enough oil and gas for Georgia.
Besides this, in terms of the increasing the diversification of energy alternatives, Georgia has two ways to go in
exporting resources, Azerbaijan or Iran. As for Russia, Georgia has been challenged many times not only in the
energy sector but also in political aspects (Oğütcü, 2016).
Additionally, in order to develop regional cooperation, stability, security and social prosperity in the
Caucasus region, it is necessity to observe Iran-Azerbaijan energy relations which has taken quietly significant
position in order to analyzing the geopolitical energy confrontations in the Caucasus region.
III. The Iran and Azerbaijan Strategic Position in the European Energy Market: Alternative
Ways in Dependence to Russia
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Caucasus region has been taken into account in terms of its
geopolitical and geostrategic location in the world so that great efforts had been made by Russia to increase their
dominance over the region, especially in this sector. Moreover, one of the attractive facts related in the region is
in transforming the natural resources of the European Union countries. In this regard, Iran and Azerbaijan as
energy supplying countries play a critical role in order to escalate and or accelerate energy confrontation
between regional actors.
It is clear that Iran and Azerbaijan have huge potential energy reserves to distribute to the world
market. However, to those countries that are in the EU it is important to find alternatives in the transfer of oil
and gas so they no longer remain dependent on Russian reserves. Therefore, after the sanctions were lifted by
the west, Iran began actively pursuing ways to provide an ability to sell its natural resources in the international
marketplace i.e. EU and the Caucasus.
Since the 1990s, Iran has had some economic and energy related trade with Azerbaijan due to their
common interest as natural resource suppliers for European countries. Even though Russia is trying to stick to
accrue any kind of the cooperation or agreement between those countries and EU because it limits the Russian
position in the Caucasus (Kalehsar, 2016).
In this regard, emerging the new collaboration and consultation between those countries and EU may
influence significant Russian economic, political, and potential negative perspectives. So with a potentially
increasing Iran-EU trade may bring disadvantages to Russia particularly in the energy field.
IV. Significance of the Energy Pipelines among Russian and Georgian Relations
Transferring and supplying energy resources, protecting pipelines are main issues between Russia and
Georgia. Analyzing the Russian and Georgia relations in terms of the geopolitical and geostrategic aspect has
illustrated that there are still reflections of this war (in 2008) beyond those relations. It is clear that Russia has
taken a critical position in terms of the supplying of its energy resources so that controlling and increasing its
dominance over Georgia comes up particularly often nowadays because of the decreasing of oil prices and
increasing the alternative suppliers of energy from these new players such as Iran.
Taking this fact into account, it is important to highlight that regarding the United State and the EU’s
position that time increasing diversification of the energy supplying from the Caspian region to European
countries is very significant that is why decreasing Russia`s influence on the Caucasus region related to building
new energy projects is so important.
As for United States position over the Caucasus on the energy sector, it has initiated building new
energy projects such as the Baku-Tiflis-Ceyhan and the Baku-Tiflis-Erzurum pipelines, those projects are
encouraged in order to improve regional relations between the Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey.
In this respect, the purpose of the USA and EU is in distancing the close relationship between Iran and
Russia by finding alternative ways to Russia's monopoly on the energy sector.
The US's position in the region, as Kocaman mentioned that it is important to stress that the US is
challenging Russian authority. In this context, geopolitical importance of the Georgian location paved away for
confrontation between Russia and US that is why Georgia is one the main places in the Caucasus region to
increase developing the regional cooperation and peace (Kocaman, 2007).
Furthermore, Kelkitli showed that Russia has more complicated relations with Georgia. Although
Georgia is willing to involve the EU and NATO, Russia is building new barriers which prevent close relations
between Georgia and the EU, in this respect escalating the nationalist movements (Abkhazia and South Ossetia)
is one of the main argument in order to stick to further relations with the EU (Kelkitli, 2008).
As some experts believe, Voicu&Pepenel, regarding the importance of energy, that has stated that
energy has brought different types of contradictions and confrontation, particularly after the disintegration of the
Soviet Union. That new geopolitical and strategic regions are emerging which are significant for supplying
energy resources such as the Caspian region. In this context, Georgia has played an effective role in terms of
transferring energy resources (Voicu&Pepenel, 2010).
Besides this there is close integration between political, military, economic, and construction of
existing pipeline projects. It is important to emphasize that increasing the demanding energy sources that are
aggravating new energy crisis on the Caucasus region that is why Russia does not allow the involvement of
other actors (EU, US) that would struggle in the energy field in the region. In this regard, Russia`s monopolies
in energy will continue to factor in for a long time. In this regard, Georgia still has a desire to become a member
of the EU (Voicu&Pepenel, 2010).
As mentioned previously, after the Soviet Union there were many fundamental geopolitical and
geostrategic transformations in the Caucasus region. These local transformations were close to the state's
interests, which were mainly related to the controlling of the Caspian reserves that is why confrontation of
energy among these states has brought new political and economic reflections.
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Taking this fact into account, as Kakachia states that the majority of Russia’s implications are regarded
as taking advantage of economic and political structures. In this respect, energy is one of the arguments for
controlling the region. However, encouraging constructing strategic pipelines by the regional and global actors
is starting to hinder Russia's authority and its cause for Russia’s aggressive foreign policy which aims to
minimize planning new energy projects (Kakachia, 2009).
Regarding the importance of the geopolitical position of Georgia, as previously stated that Georgian
relations with Russian is very close in terms with the production, transfer, and distribution of Russian resources
in the international energy market. From the Georgia side, there is a profitable relationship due to the passing
energy resources on its territory has gained a discount on the price of its energy (Winrow, 2007). In the case of
the transferring of Russian gas and oil to Armenia, Georgia plays an important logistical role between these
states. On the other hand, after the sanctions were lifted on Iran, Georgia has become a significant actor for
developing not only energy relationships but political relationships as well.
As Utiashvili argued that the development of the region politically and economically Georgia by its
position paved the way for focusing on the state's geographical location by global actors particularly Russia.
Taking this point into account, Georgia since gaining its independence in 1991, its territory has taken on the
Russian foreign policy agenda which aims to regulate Georgian`s internal and external policies that is why in
any period time, Russia desires to be a more active player in the Caucasus region (Utiashvili, 2014).
Furthermore, the existing energy pipelines which are supported by the EU and the US has reduced the
influence of Russia in the region. As energy and its security structure have influence over each other. Unsolved
issues (South Ossetia and Abkhazia territory) plays a vital role in terms of sustainability of their energy security
policy that is why those regions are crucial. As Russian relations with Georgia are based on its geopolitical
locations which is significant for transportation of natural resources and other things as using those regions by
Russia against Georgia for this purpose.
In this regard, the importance of energy has brought new dimensions which affects political, social, and
economic conditions towards Russian-Georgian relations. It is important to indicate that due to Russian political
and military pressure (possible activities) over foreign policy of Georgia has continued to struggle as an
independent country. Taking the Georgian position into account, it is clear that this country is a buffer zone to
the Caucasus region for Russia through international markets especially to European countries. The presence of
the frozen conflict prevents not only the growth of a sustainable energy sector but also stability in political
policy.
Increasing new energy pipeline projects and increasing the diversification of the energy supply
provides a break from energy conflicts between Russia and other states. In this context, it is important to
mention that regional cooperation in the energy sector allows for sustainable economic growth and regional
prosperity in the long term, a great example of this is BTC and BTE pipeline projects which remain effective in
terms of regional peace and prosperity.
V. Conclusion
The Caucasus region contains the potential to have a significant presence in the global energy market
as a key player, so long as Russia does not protest. In this regard, as previously mentioned the characteristics of
the Caucasus region is rather sensitive to any kind of new political and or economic activities that emerge as
part of new policies. These geopolitical energy confrontations between regional and global actors arose
particularly after the Soviet Union collapsed. Analyzing the interests of the main actors (Russia, Iran etc.)
illustrates that in terms of the transferring of energy resources from East to West i.e. Azerbaijan, Georgia, and
Armenia can be quite significant. Moreover, the energy sector puts Russia and Iran in an increasingly dominant
level of power over the Caucasus.
As for the Iran, after economic and political sanctions were lifted, it opened the door for Iran to the
international marketplace. Iran has a significant energy reserve that is why abolishing the sanctions brought not
only economic advantages but political advantage as well. In this regard, Iran's purpose in finding an alternative
marketplace in order to transfer its oil and gas into account, brings serious implications for a possible energy
related conflict in the region. As the policy of the Caucasus states may challenge Iran's energy implementations.
It is clear that the Russian economy depends on the revenues of its natural resources (such Azerbaijan,
Iraq). Nevertheless, Russian monopoly in energy policy could potentially be damaged and eventually lead to a
fall in its demand of its oil as a result. In this context, Russian sustainable energy policy closely related to the
geopolitical position of the regional countries (Georgia, Azerbaijan etc.). Taking this fact into consideration, it
illustrates that political and economic pressure over these countries may provide to be more effective in
Caucasus energy policy. On the other hand, Russia believes that politically and economically controlling this
area may be possible by increasing the utilizing of its energy resources. On the other side, the role of Iran after
sanctions were lifted has taken a significant position with opening new doors in international marketplace for its
oil reserves. From this perspective, coming up as a new energy player, Iran may bring new conflicts in energy
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with Russia. As they now have the ability to trade their natural resources in the world energy market. In
conclusion as indicated previously, the characteristics of the Caucasus economically and politically is rather
fragile, and there is real potential for an energy related confrontation among the region as Iran emerges into the
global marketplace.
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