Analyzing of Malicious JavaScript[en]
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This document summarizes Kazuki Takada's presentation on analyzing malicious JavaScript. It discusses banking malware that steals banking credentials through fraudulent screens. It then describes a specific banking Trojan called ROVNIX that injects malicious JavaScript onto banking websites to manipulate transactions. The presentation details the cat-and-mouse game between Kazuki and criminals modifying JavaScript to hide the malicious code, with each outmaneuvering the other by traversing the DOM, overriding functions like alert and toString, and modifying property descriptors. It concludes that fully understanding JavaScript's abilities allows criminals to persistently attack while information sharing is crucial in the fight.
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This talk is going to give a run through of some of the technical challenges paul and his team have overcome over the years - in as much hardcore detail as possible
Common Browser Hijacking Methods
Browser hijacking malware uses various techniques to modify users' browser settings and inject malicious code or modify webpage content without permission. Examples provided include SilentBanker, Sinowal, and Wnspoem which employ real-time HTML injection, configuration files, and HTTP forwarding to target banking websites, steal login credentials and other private data, and spread further. The malware can install browser helper objects, modify registry settings, and hijack common API calls to achieve their aims.
Hacking Client Side Insecurities
The document discusses various techniques for hacking client-side insecurities, including discovering clients on the internet and intranet, attacking client-side through JavaScript jacking and pluggable protocol handlers, exploiting cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities, and fingerprinting clients through analysis of HTTP headers and browser information leaks. The presentation aims to demonstrate these hacking techniques through examples and a question/answer session.
CSW2017 Yuhao song+Huimingliu cyber_wmd_vulnerable_IoT
The document discusses cybersecurity issues related to IoT devices. It begins by describing the 2016 Mirai botnet attacks, which exploited vulnerabilities in IoT devices like IP cameras and DVRs to take down major websites. The document then analyzes the current security situations of IoT, finding that many devices have vulnerabilities due to a lack of focus on security by manufacturers. It also notes that IoT devices could potentially be used as "weapons of mass destruction" due to their ubiquity, connectivity and potential access to users' daily lives. The rest of the document examines common vulnerabilities and attack vectors in IoT devices.
Revealing Unique MitB Builder C&C Server
INTRODUCTION
In the past we managed to analyse all well knows malwares and theirs C&C servers. We saw a “Kins” malware with unique “ATS” engine acting like real electronic web banking application in auto pilot mode (1). We all know how easy is to go underground and to buy a malware kits with MitB (2) add-ons for well-known electronic banking web applications and also to order a custom one. These injectors are main weapon used from bad guys for the electronic banking application where 2-factor authentication “Tokens” is implemented.
Crypto Miners in the Cloud
The document discusses how attackers can use cloud resources and websites to secretly mine cryptocurrency without permission. Attackers can upload cryptomining software to virtual machines in the cloud, slowing them down. They can also insert cryptomining JavaScript into legitimate websites, using visitors' CPUs without their knowledge. Defenses include monitoring for unusual processes, services, and network traffic that could indicate mining, as well as preventing public access to cloud resources and ensuring websites' code is secure. Vigilance is needed to detect unintended mining activities.
Abusing bleeding edge web standards for appsec glory
"Through cooperation between browser vendors and standards bodies in the recent past, numerous standards have been created to enforce stronger client-side control for web applications. As web appsec practitioners continue to shift from mitigating vulnerabilities to implementing proactive controls, each new standard adds another layer of defense for attack patterns previously accepted as risks. With the most basic controls complete, attention is shifting toward mitigating more complex threats. As a result of the drive to control for these threats client-side, standards such as SubResource Integrity (SRI), Content Security Policy (CSP), and HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) carry larger implementation risks than others such as HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS). Builders supporting legacy applications actively make trade-offs between implementing the latest standards versus accepting risks simply because of the increased risks newer web standards pose.
In this talk, we'll strictly explore the risks posed by SRI, CSP, and HPKP; demonstrate effective mitigation strategies and compromises which may make these standards more accessible to builders and defenders supporting legacy applications; as well as examine emergent properties of standards such as HPKP to cover previously unforeseen scenarios. As a bonus for the breakers, we'll explore and demonstrate exploitations of the emergent risks in these more volatile standards, to include multiple vulnerabilities uncovered quite literally during our research for this talk (which will hopefully be mitigated by d-day)."
(Source: Black Hat USA 2016, Las Vegas)
From Reversing to Exploitation: Android Application Security in Essence
This document discusses techniques for analyzing and exploiting Android applications. It begins by explaining why security is important given people's growing dependency on digital technology and mobile devices. It then discusses decompiling APK files and using tools like Apktool, Dex2Jar, and decompilers to view an app's code. The document also covers using proxies like Burp Suite and Frida to intercept network traffic and manipulate app behavior at runtime. The goal is usually to obtain sensitive data, bypass restrictions, or modify the app. Examples of scenarios explored include tampering with network requests, bypassing security checks, and decrypting encrypted data.
Owning the bad guys
This document discusses creating a JavaScript botnet by intercepting web traffic through man-in-the-middle attacks and injecting malicious JavaScript code. It describes using a compromised proxy server and Squid configuration to inject code into responses that steals cookies and form fields. While the document notes some botnets are used by scammers and criminals, it primarily serves to outline the technical approach rather than endorse illegal activity.
Developer Tutorial: WebAuthn for Web & FIDO2 for Android
This tutorial walks through how to build a website with a simple re-authentication functionality using a fingerprint sensor. Re-authentication is a concept where a user signs into a website once, then authenticate again as they try to enter important sections of the website, or come back after a certain interval, etc in order to protect the account. It also covers how to build an Android app with a simple re-authentication functionality using a fingerprint sensor. "Re-authentication" is a concept where user signs into an app once, then authenticate again when they come back to your app, or trying to access an important section of your app.
Web Security.pdf
This document discusses the importance of web security and outlines the top 8 web security threats. It notes that there is a hack attack every 39 seconds and cybersecurity spending is expected to reach $6 trillion globally by 2021. The top threats discussed are injection, broken authentication, sensitive data exposure, cross-site scripting, security misconfigurations, cross-site request forgery, unvalidated redirects and forwards, and insecure direct object references. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of security and provides examples of each threat.
Similar to Analyzing of Malicious JavaScript[en] (20)
Locking the Doors -7 Pernicious Pitfalls to avoid with Java
Locking the Doors -7 Pernicious Pitfalls to avoid with Java
SANS Threat Hunting Summit 2018 - Hunting Lateral Movement with Windows Event...
SANS Threat Hunting Summit 2018 - Hunting Lateral Movement with Windows Event...
The hardcore stuff i hack, experiences from past VAPT assignments
The hardcore stuff i hack, experiences from past VAPT assignments
CSW2017 Yuhao song+Huimingliu cyber_wmd_vulnerable_IoT
CSW2017 Yuhao song+Huimingliu cyber_wmd_vulnerable_IoT
Abusing bleeding edge web standards for appsec glory
Abusing bleeding edge web standards for appsec glory
From Reversing to Exploitation: Android Application Security in Essence
From Reversing to Exploitation: Android Application Security in Essence
Developer Tutorial: WebAuthn for Web & FIDO2 for Android
Developer Tutorial: WebAuthn for Web & FIDO2 for Android
Recently uploaded
Internet of Things in Manufacturing: Revolutionizing Efficiency & Quality | C...
This article delves into how the Internet of Things in manufacturing is reshaping the industry, its benefits, challenges, and future prospects.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needs
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
办理新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证书范本原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(CSU毕业证)加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单专业办理
CSU毕业证原版定制【微信：176555708】【加利福尼亚州立大学毕业证成绩单-学位证】【微信：176555708】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：176555708】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
学历顾问：微信：176555708
假文凭国外(Adelaide毕业证)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单办理
购买澳大利亚国立大学毕业证>【微信176555708】办理澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单【微信176555708】Adelaide毕业证成绩单Adelaide学历证书Adelaide文凭【Adelaide毕业套号文凭网认证澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单】【哪里买澳大利亚国立大学毕业证文凭Adelaide成绩学校快递邮寄信封】【开版澳大利亚国立大学文凭】Adelaide留信认证本科硕士学历认证(诚招代理)微信：176555708办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
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办理澳大利亚国立大学澳大利亚国立大学毕业证成绩单流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:176555708）欢迎咨询！
Should Repositories Participate in the Fediverse?
Presentation for OR2024 making the case that repositories could play a part in the "fediverse" of distributed social applications
留学挂科(UofM毕业证)明尼苏达大学毕业证成绩单复刻办理
精仿办理明尼苏达大学学历证书＜176555708微信＞【毕业证明信-推荐信做学费单＞【微信176555708】【制作UofM毕业证文凭认证明尼苏达大学毕业证成绩单购买】【UofM毕业证书】{明尼苏达大学文凭购买}】成绩单，录取通知书，Offer，在读证明，雅思托福成绩单，真实大使馆教育部认证，回国人员证明，＞【制作UofM毕业证文凭认证明尼苏达大学毕业证成绩单购买】【UofM毕业证书】{明尼苏达大学文凭购买}留信网认证。
明尼苏达大学学历证书＜微信176555708（一对一服务包括毕业院长签字,专业课程,学位类型,专业或教育领域,以及毕业日期.不要忽视这些细节.这两份文件同样重要!毕业证成绩单文凭留信网学历认证！）（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：176555708】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：176555708
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
精仿办理南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单（【微信176555708】）毕业证学历认证OFFER专卖国外文凭学历学位证书办理澳洲文凭|澳洲毕业证,澳洲学历认证,澳洲成绩单【微信176555708】 澳洲offer,教育部学历认证及使馆认证永久可查 ,国外毕业证|国外学历认证,国外学历文凭证书 USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证【微信176555708】，USC毕业证，专业为留学生办理毕业证、成绩单、使馆留学回国人员证明、教育部学历学位认证、录取通知书、Offer、（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：176555708】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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- 1. Analyzing Malicious JavaScript 2016.10.22 AV TOKYO 2016 Kazuki Takada
- 2. Who am I ? Kazuki Takada SecureBrain Corporation Software engineer and Researcher. Originally, programmer of the Embedded Software. I like Python and drinking modestly. I dislike JavaScript and CUDA programming.
- 3. Contents • About Banking malware • About malicious JavaScript 3
- 5. Banking malware • It is called Banking Trojan. • It falsifies banking credential information and does fraudulent money transfer. 5
- 6. ROVNIX • It started to appear in Japan at end of 2015. • Alias name : Cidox • Rewrites MITB communication content 6
- 7. MITB by ROVNIX 7 Malware Bank Web server Request of JavaScript from inserted <script> Malicious JavaScript <html> <head> <title>Internet Banking</title> <script src=“….”> Manipulation server RequestOriginal content Insert <script> to origin content in target URL. Injection C&C Server Victim PC Command and configuration Ex) target URL
- 8. Major Banking malware in 2016 • ROVNIX • URLZONE • VAWTRAK (New) • URSNIF 8 Other name Shiotob, Beblohbd Other name Snifula Other name Gozi The two malware have something in common.
- 9. 9 Malicious JavaScript is same
- 10. 10 CENSORED
- 12. Malicious JavaScript • It has about 40,000 lines of code. • It includes jQuery. But it is enormous even without jQuery. • It has a common base and is customized for each bank site. • It injects fraudulent web content screens for various security software introduction and information fraud. • Its usage has been traced back to many countries. For example, Japanese, English, Hangul and Arabic. 12
- 13. 13 CENSORED
- 14. Behind fraudulent web content... 14 Victim PC Login Bank Manipulation server Login credential info. Login process Login Screen Remittance process Request of Settlement info. Dummyscreenof securitysoftware Settlement info Display some input screen an necessary
- 15. Record of the fight 15
- 16. Pre-condition SecureBrain Corporation • To find out what JavaScript manipulates, I traverse the DOM information after the content has been read Criminal • Malware will inject <SCRIPT> just after <HEAD>. Malicious JavaScript is read than anyone else earlier. • Of course, there are no holds barred. 16
- 17. Before hiding • Manipulation by added <DIV> 17 I can find it only when I traverse DOM information.
- 18. Round 1 • Override of alert 18 It can find by alert.toString. Because it shows content of the function.
- 19. Round 2 • Override of toString ex) 19 window.alert.toString = function() { return “[native code]”; } It can find alert.toString.toString
- 20. 20 CENSORED
- 21. Round 3 • Nest of toString... 21 It can find difference in Object.prototype.toString
- 22. Round 4 • Override of Object.prototype.toString Result of Object.prototype.toString is changed freely by following function. 22 It can find the true in Function.prototype.toString.
- 23. Round 5 • Of course, Function.prototype.toString is overrided. 23 略 It can find difference of Property by getOwnPropertyDescriptor.
- 24. Round 6 • Override of getOwnPropertyDescriptor 24 略 We have been chasing in getOwnPropertyDescriptor now.
- 26. 26 CENSORED
- 27. Conclusion • After understanding the specification of JavaScript, the criminal would keep attacking persistently. • The specification of JavaScript which can override every object is a double-edged sword. • The sharing of threat information is too important. 27
- 28. 28 CENSORED
- 29. Thank you!! 29