This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical
methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work
piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard
formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic
vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations.
Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil
voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and
numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This
mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Validation of Coil Voltage in Inductio...ijeljournal
This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations. Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Validation of Coil Voltage in Inductio...ijeljournal
This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations. Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
Transient Numerical Analysis of Induction Heating of Graphite Cruciable at Di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry.
Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is
useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
Transient Numerical Analysis of Induction Heating of Graphite Cruciable at Di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry.
Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is
useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
Transient numerical analysis of induction heating of graphite cruciable at di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry. Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
In developing electric motors in general and induction motors in particular
temperature limit is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the overall design. Since
conventional loading of induction motors is often expensive, the estimation of temperature
rise by tools of mathematical modeling becomes increasingly important. Excepting for
providing a more accurate representation of the problem, the proposed model can also
reduce computing costs. The paper develops a three-dimensional transient thermal model in
polar co-ordinates using finite element formulation and arch shaped elements. A
temperature-time method is employed to evaluate the distribution of loss in various parts of
the machine. Using these loss distributions as an input for finite element analysis, more
accurate temperature distributions can be obtained. The model is applied to predict the
temperature rise in the stator of a squirrel cage 7.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction
motor. The temperature distribution has been determined considering convection from the
back of core surface, outer air gap surface and annular end surface of a totally enclosed
structure.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Validation of Coil Voltage in Inductio...ijeljournal
This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations. Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Validation of Coil Voltage in Inductio...ijeljournal
This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations. Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
Transient Numerical Analysis of Induction Heating of Graphite Cruciable at Di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry.
Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is
useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
Transient Numerical Analysis of Induction Heating of Graphite Cruciable at Di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry.
Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is
useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
Transient numerical analysis of induction heating of graphite cruciable at di...ijeljournal
Mathematical modeling of Induction heating process is done by using 2D axisymmetric geometry. Induction heating is coupled field problem that includes electromagnetism and heat transfer. Mathematical
modeling of electromagnetism and heat transfer is done by using maxwell equations and classical heat
transfer equation respectively. Temperature dependent material properties are used for this analysis. This
analysis includes coil voltage distribution, crucible electromagnetic power, and coil equivalent impedance
at different frequency. Induction coil geometry effect on supply voltage is also analyzed. This analysis is useful for designing of induction coil for melting of nonferrous metal such as gold, silver, uranium etc.
In developing electric motors in general and induction motors in particular
temperature limit is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the overall design. Since
conventional loading of induction motors is often expensive, the estimation of temperature
rise by tools of mathematical modeling becomes increasingly important. Excepting for
providing a more accurate representation of the problem, the proposed model can also
reduce computing costs. The paper develops a three-dimensional transient thermal model in
polar co-ordinates using finite element formulation and arch shaped elements. A
temperature-time method is employed to evaluate the distribution of loss in various parts of
the machine. Using these loss distributions as an input for finite element analysis, more
accurate temperature distributions can be obtained. The model is applied to predict the
temperature rise in the stator of a squirrel cage 7.5 kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction
motor. The temperature distribution has been determined considering convection from the
back of core surface, outer air gap surface and annular end surface of a totally enclosed
structure.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This paper recommends the use of grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, for optimizing switching-angle applied to cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI). Switching angles are selected based on the minimum value of the objective function formulated using the concept of selective harmonic minimization pulse width modulation (SHMPWM) technique. MATLAB/Simulink-PSIM dynamic co-simulation conducted on a 3-phase 9-level CHBMLI shows that the CHBMLI controlled using GOA derived switching-angle is able to respond to varying modulation index demand and synthesize an AC staircase output voltage waveform with the desired fundamental harmonic and minimized selected low-order harmonics. Compared to Newton Raphson (NR) technique, GOA is able to find optimum switching-angle solutions over a wider modulation index range. Compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA), GOA is able to find global minima with higher probability. The simulation results validate the performance of GOA for switching-angle calculation based on the concept of SHMPWM.
EVALUATING STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL & ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC CHALCOGE...Editor IJCATR
To evaluate the structural, optical & electrical properties of the zinc chalcogenides (ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe & ZnTe), the Full
Potential Linearized – Augumented Plane Wave plus Local Orbits (FP – LAPW+lo) method. For the purpose of exchange-correlation
energy (Exc) determination in Kohn–Sham calculation, the standard local density approximation (LDA) formalism has been utilized.
Murnaghan’s equation of state (EOS) has been used for volume optimization by minimizing the total energy with respect to the unit
cell volume. With the result of electronic density of states (DOS), the structural, optical and electrical properties of Zinc chalcogenides
have been calculated. The second derivative of energy, as a function of lattice strain has been successfully used to estimate the elastic
constants of these binary compounds. The results are in good agreement with other theoretical calculations as well as available
experimental data.
Determination of transient thermal characteristics for thermal electric behav...journalBEEI
In the current study, it was tried to describe a method for determining thermal characteristics of integrated micro-circuits to identify thermal parameters of multidisciplinary (thermal-electric) behavioral models. The problem is solved on the example of high-frequency pulse voltage converters. A solution was proposed to refine the minimum structure of the thermoelectric model based on an iterative least squares method using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, as well as a graph of the spectral den-sity of time constants. This made it possible to reduce the influence of the filtering factor in the deconvolution operation when building a thermal model using the structural function of the thermal characteristic transition. Also, the results obtained can be used to build integrated circuits (IC) behavioral models, taking into account the thermal processes occurring in them.
The Interaction between Load Circuits and Decision of Frequency for Efficient ...IJECEIAES
This paper derives an expression of efficiency of wireless power transfer on a situa- tion that there are two devices towards one AC power supply. The interaction between a power supply and load is paid attention on a conventional wireless power transfer system, in contrast, the interaction between loads must be taken account of on the situation too. This is attributed to a possibility that a load disturbs the energy transmitted from a power supply to another load. Moreover each load needs different frequency of power supply for the ideal transfer since they have different natural frequencies on many situations. This paper models a circumstance that there are a power supply and two loads with a state space equation, and proposes how to decide a frequency of power supply to realize efficient transfer for each load.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
Optimal Placement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Distribution Systems for Vol...IJERA Editor
This paper deals with Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) allocation in radial distribution systems by injecting series voltage. The DVR is used to inject both real and reactive powers into the system for voltage profile improvement and active and reactive power loss minimization. The objective of this paper is to identify the optimal location and series voltage of DVR using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed method is tested on standard IEEE 33-bus system and the results are presented.
Measuring Plastic Properties from Sharp Nanoindentation: A Finite-Element Stu...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Measuring Plastic Properties from Sharp Nanoindentation: A Finite-Element Study on the Uniqueness of Inverse Solutions by Fabian Pöhl* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Heat Capacity of BN and GaN binary semiconductor under high Pressure-Temperat...IOSR Journals
In this paper, we have calculated the molar heat capacity for cubic zinc blende (cZB) BN and GaN binary semiconductors at high pressure-temperature (PT). For the calculation of heat capacity, we firstly obtained the Debye temperature (ϴD) variation with temperature and at higher temperature it becomes constant with temperature in quasi-harmonic approximation limits. We have also calculated the static Debye temperature (ϴD) from elastic constant for the both BN and GaN binary semiconductors. The elastic constants are calculated from the energy-strain relation using plane wave method in DFT approach. All the calculated results are well consistence with experimental and reported data
Stellar Measurements with the New Intensity FormulaIOSR Journals
In this paper a linear relationship in stellar optical spectra has been found by using a
spectroscopical method used on optical light sources where it is possible to organize atomic and ionic data.
This method is based on a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Like the HR-diagram ,
it seems to be possible to organize the luminosity of stars from different spectral classes. From that organization
it is possible to determine the temperature , density and mass of stars by using the new intensity formula. These
temperature, density and mass values agree well with literature values. It is also possible to determine the mean
electron temperature of the optical layers (photospheres) of the stars as it is for atoms in the for laboratory
plasmas. The mean value of the ionization energies of the different elements of the stars has shown to be very
significant for each star. This paper also shows that the hydrogen Balmer absorption lines in the stars follow
the new intensity formula.
An examination of the levels of organizational citizenship of Istanbul youth ...Sports Journal
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of organizational citizenship amongst the staff of
Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate. The population for this study consists of the 380
employees of Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate, 297 of whom are male and 83 are female.
The sample group for the purposes of this study comprises of 128 staff, 95 male employess and 32
female employees. The Organizational Citizenship scale adapted byH.N. Basım, H. Şeşen(2006) was
used, in this study, in order to determine the organizational citizenship levels of staff. The scale consists
of five primary dimensions and is in accordance with the organizational citizenship behaviours put
forward by Organ in 1988. The "Yarimax" axis rotation technique was employed for factor analysis and
the suitability of the data in accordance with the factor analysis was first determined. With this aim in
mind, theKaiser Mayer Orkin (KMO) and Bartlett test was employed and these values indicate that both
the sample size is adequate and the data demonstrates normal distribution.The Kruskal-Wallis Test, at a
significance level of 0,05,was implemented in order to determine whether the organizational citizienship
levels of staff differed in accordance with their demographic characteristics. The test results do not reveal
a significant difference between the average levels when employees’ gender, age and length of service is
considered in line with organizational citizenship behaviours and its subdimensions such as altruism,
conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue. Whereas a significant difference was determined between
the educational attainment of staff and the subdimensions of organizational citizienship.
Comparison of anticipation time of judokas, Wrestlers and BoxersSports Journal
Objective of the study was to see if there is any significant difference exists between the judokas, wrestlers and boxers on anticipation time by comparing their anticipation time performances. To test the hypothesis that the three groups have non-significant differences on anticipation time variables namely number of early and late responses and also average time deviation from early and late responses, 96 male only sportspersons having mean age 22.49 ± 2.37 were being randomly tested who had at least participated at state level in their respective sport. Each sports person was given three trials of 20 responses and the average value of all the three trials was recorded on Basin anticipation timer (B.A.T.) machine. One way MANOVA using SPSS 23 statistical package was applied to get and analyze the results. There was a statistically non-significant difference in 4 anticipation time variables based on the sport which they practice, F (8, 180) = .651, p > .05; Wilk's Λ = 0.945, partial η2 = .028. The null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference between the three groups was therefore accepted and alternate hypothesis was rejected.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennasijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Benefits, need and importance of daily exerciseSports Journal
Regular Physical activity and exercise can help you stay healthy, energetic and independent as you get older. Exercise play avital role in preventing health diseases and stroke. The health benefits of doing regular Exercise have been shown in many studies. This paper review the evidence of the benefits of exercise for all the body systems. Physical activity and exercise can reduce stress and anxiety, boost happy chemicals, improve self-confidence, increase the brain power, sharpen the memory and increase our muscles and bones strength. It also helps in preventing and reducing heart disease, obesity, blood sugar fluctuations, cardiovascular diseases and Cancer.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
This paper recommends the use of grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), a nature-inspired optimization algorithm, for optimizing switching-angle applied to cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI). Switching angles are selected based on the minimum value of the objective function formulated using the concept of selective harmonic minimization pulse width modulation (SHMPWM) technique. MATLAB/Simulink-PSIM dynamic co-simulation conducted on a 3-phase 9-level CHBMLI shows that the CHBMLI controlled using GOA derived switching-angle is able to respond to varying modulation index demand and synthesize an AC staircase output voltage waveform with the desired fundamental harmonic and minimized selected low-order harmonics. Compared to Newton Raphson (NR) technique, GOA is able to find optimum switching-angle solutions over a wider modulation index range. Compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA), GOA is able to find global minima with higher probability. The simulation results validate the performance of GOA for switching-angle calculation based on the concept of SHMPWM.
EVALUATING STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL & ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC CHALCOGE...Editor IJCATR
To evaluate the structural, optical & electrical properties of the zinc chalcogenides (ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe & ZnTe), the Full
Potential Linearized – Augumented Plane Wave plus Local Orbits (FP – LAPW+lo) method. For the purpose of exchange-correlation
energy (Exc) determination in Kohn–Sham calculation, the standard local density approximation (LDA) formalism has been utilized.
Murnaghan’s equation of state (EOS) has been used for volume optimization by minimizing the total energy with respect to the unit
cell volume. With the result of electronic density of states (DOS), the structural, optical and electrical properties of Zinc chalcogenides
have been calculated. The second derivative of energy, as a function of lattice strain has been successfully used to estimate the elastic
constants of these binary compounds. The results are in good agreement with other theoretical calculations as well as available
experimental data.
Determination of transient thermal characteristics for thermal electric behav...journalBEEI
In the current study, it was tried to describe a method for determining thermal characteristics of integrated micro-circuits to identify thermal parameters of multidisciplinary (thermal-electric) behavioral models. The problem is solved on the example of high-frequency pulse voltage converters. A solution was proposed to refine the minimum structure of the thermoelectric model based on an iterative least squares method using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, as well as a graph of the spectral den-sity of time constants. This made it possible to reduce the influence of the filtering factor in the deconvolution operation when building a thermal model using the structural function of the thermal characteristic transition. Also, the results obtained can be used to build integrated circuits (IC) behavioral models, taking into account the thermal processes occurring in them.
The Interaction between Load Circuits and Decision of Frequency for Efficient ...IJECEIAES
This paper derives an expression of efficiency of wireless power transfer on a situa- tion that there are two devices towards one AC power supply. The interaction between a power supply and load is paid attention on a conventional wireless power transfer system, in contrast, the interaction between loads must be taken account of on the situation too. This is attributed to a possibility that a load disturbs the energy transmitted from a power supply to another load. Moreover each load needs different frequency of power supply for the ideal transfer since they have different natural frequencies on many situations. This paper models a circumstance that there are a power supply and two loads with a state space equation, and proposes how to decide a frequency of power supply to realize efficient transfer for each load.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
Optimal Placement of Dynamic Voltage Restorer in Distribution Systems for Vol...IJERA Editor
This paper deals with Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) allocation in radial distribution systems by injecting series voltage. The DVR is used to inject both real and reactive powers into the system for voltage profile improvement and active and reactive power loss minimization. The objective of this paper is to identify the optimal location and series voltage of DVR using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed method is tested on standard IEEE 33-bus system and the results are presented.
Measuring Plastic Properties from Sharp Nanoindentation: A Finite-Element Stu...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Measuring Plastic Properties from Sharp Nanoindentation: A Finite-Element Study on the Uniqueness of Inverse Solutions by Fabian Pöhl* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
Heat Capacity of BN and GaN binary semiconductor under high Pressure-Temperat...IOSR Journals
In this paper, we have calculated the molar heat capacity for cubic zinc blende (cZB) BN and GaN binary semiconductors at high pressure-temperature (PT). For the calculation of heat capacity, we firstly obtained the Debye temperature (ϴD) variation with temperature and at higher temperature it becomes constant with temperature in quasi-harmonic approximation limits. We have also calculated the static Debye temperature (ϴD) from elastic constant for the both BN and GaN binary semiconductors. The elastic constants are calculated from the energy-strain relation using plane wave method in DFT approach. All the calculated results are well consistence with experimental and reported data
Stellar Measurements with the New Intensity FormulaIOSR Journals
In this paper a linear relationship in stellar optical spectra has been found by using a
spectroscopical method used on optical light sources where it is possible to organize atomic and ionic data.
This method is based on a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Like the HR-diagram ,
it seems to be possible to organize the luminosity of stars from different spectral classes. From that organization
it is possible to determine the temperature , density and mass of stars by using the new intensity formula. These
temperature, density and mass values agree well with literature values. It is also possible to determine the mean
electron temperature of the optical layers (photospheres) of the stars as it is for atoms in the for laboratory
plasmas. The mean value of the ionization energies of the different elements of the stars has shown to be very
significant for each star. This paper also shows that the hydrogen Balmer absorption lines in the stars follow
the new intensity formula.
An examination of the levels of organizational citizenship of Istanbul youth ...Sports Journal
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of organizational citizenship amongst the staff of
Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate. The population for this study consists of the 380
employees of Istanbul’s Youth Services and Sport Directorate, 297 of whom are male and 83 are female.
The sample group for the purposes of this study comprises of 128 staff, 95 male employess and 32
female employees. The Organizational Citizenship scale adapted byH.N. Basım, H. Şeşen(2006) was
used, in this study, in order to determine the organizational citizenship levels of staff. The scale consists
of five primary dimensions and is in accordance with the organizational citizenship behaviours put
forward by Organ in 1988. The "Yarimax" axis rotation technique was employed for factor analysis and
the suitability of the data in accordance with the factor analysis was first determined. With this aim in
mind, theKaiser Mayer Orkin (KMO) and Bartlett test was employed and these values indicate that both
the sample size is adequate and the data demonstrates normal distribution.The Kruskal-Wallis Test, at a
significance level of 0,05,was implemented in order to determine whether the organizational citizienship
levels of staff differed in accordance with their demographic characteristics. The test results do not reveal
a significant difference between the average levels when employees’ gender, age and length of service is
considered in line with organizational citizenship behaviours and its subdimensions such as altruism,
conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue. Whereas a significant difference was determined between
the educational attainment of staff and the subdimensions of organizational citizienship.
Comparison of anticipation time of judokas, Wrestlers and BoxersSports Journal
Objective of the study was to see if there is any significant difference exists between the judokas, wrestlers and boxers on anticipation time by comparing their anticipation time performances. To test the hypothesis that the three groups have non-significant differences on anticipation time variables namely number of early and late responses and also average time deviation from early and late responses, 96 male only sportspersons having mean age 22.49 ± 2.37 were being randomly tested who had at least participated at state level in their respective sport. Each sports person was given three trials of 20 responses and the average value of all the three trials was recorded on Basin anticipation timer (B.A.T.) machine. One way MANOVA using SPSS 23 statistical package was applied to get and analyze the results. There was a statistically non-significant difference in 4 anticipation time variables based on the sport which they practice, F (8, 180) = .651, p > .05; Wilk's Λ = 0.945, partial η2 = .028. The null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference between the three groups was therefore accepted and alternate hypothesis was rejected.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennasijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Benefits, need and importance of daily exerciseSports Journal
Regular Physical activity and exercise can help you stay healthy, energetic and independent as you get older. Exercise play avital role in preventing health diseases and stroke. The health benefits of doing regular Exercise have been shown in many studies. This paper review the evidence of the benefits of exercise for all the body systems. Physical activity and exercise can reduce stress and anxiety, boost happy chemicals, improve self-confidence, increase the brain power, sharpen the memory and increase our muscles and bones strength. It also helps in preventing and reducing heart disease, obesity, blood sugar fluctuations, cardiovascular diseases and Cancer.
Investigation and Identification interaction of Islamic Azad Universities (IA...Sports Journal
The sport industry is a part of society and it is being more important gradually. It is as a one of important
economical concepts in the society. The relation of sport product industry with universities is the main
way to develop the economic aspects of sport industry. The goal of this research was to evaluate the
participation and interaction of Islamic Azad University with Iran production sector of the sport industry
in geographical area of Iran. This research is practical and form the descriptive – analyzing method in
order to data collection we used Esham (2008) industry questionnaire that its final coefficient was on the
basis of cronbach Alpha (α=0.86) method, and it is justified by 5 experts in the field of relation of
industry and university and 5 sophisticated professors of sports management. the statistical universe of
this research consists the all Islamic Azad University Iran of sports product in Iran (N=302) that
according to Morgan’s table the 169 universe were the random patterns of this research to analyze the
data we used descriptive method (distribution, average, standard deviation, depicting of diagram) and
deductive method (Freidman test). The result of this analysis showed: the more important relationship
between Islamic Azad Universities included Contract research and consulting. Factors academic
problems, Cooperation and finally of research were the main obstacles of relationship between these two
subjects. According to Academics, the main policy to improve the relationship Islamic Azad Universities
with industry in part of sports productive industry is the government tax reduction for companies which
cooperate with universities visiting of industry. In *, the relationship between Islamic Azad Universities
with industry in part of sports productive industry is not appropriate and there are many obstacles
between the relationship of these to subjects.
Effect of yogic practices on the selected physiological variables among the m...Sports Journal
The present study is to analyze the effect of Yogic practices on the selected physiological variables
among the middle aged men. For this study 100 middle age male persons were selected from Yazh Yoga
Coimbatore city, after the scrutiny by the scholar and experts 30 middle aged men were selected as
subjects by adopting purposive random sampling technique. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 45
years. They were divided into two equal groups namely, the group were assigned Asana, Pranayama,
Meditation (APMTG) and Control group (CG). The subjects were tested to find out the Resting Pulse
Rate, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. The pulse rate was assessed by arterial pulse, vital capacity was
measured by digital Spiro meter and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The Asana,
Pranayama, Meditation(APMTG) Yoga group participated in Yogic practices for a period of twelve
weeks and control group did not participate in any special practice. The data were collected before and
after the training period and the pretest, post-test and the adjusted post-test were analyzed by Analysis of
Covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significance for the study was chosen as 0.05. It is concluded from
the results that the APMTG group has significant improvement in resting pulse rate, vital capacity and
blood pressure among middle aged men.
Sport and physical activity has long been used as a tool to improve mental, physical and social wellbeing.
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor associated with a large number of lifestyle diseases such
as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. Sport projects that specifically focus on health
outcomes generally emphasise There is a widespread consensus about the general links between physical
activity and health. It is accepted that regular physical activity can contribute to a reduction in the
incidence of the following:
Impact of Yogic Exercise on Body Fat Percentage on Middle Aged Obese PeopleSports Journal
Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to find out the effect of yogic exercises on body fat percentage of middle aged obese people.
Selection of Subjects: For the present study 20 male obese people from locality of Bilaspur were selected randomly as the subjects for the study. The age of the subjects ranged between 40-50 years.
Selection of Variables: The variables selected for the present study were yogic training (independent variable), body fat percentage (dependent variable).
Methodology: For the study pretest – post-test randomized group design, which consists of control group (10 subjects) and experimental group (10 subjects) were used. The data were collected through the pretest, before training and post-test, after six weeks of yogic exercises training.
Statistical Technique: For comparing pre and post-test means of experimental and control groups, descriptive analysis and Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) were used and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.
Result: The result of the study showed that there was insignificant difference between pre and post-test (experimental group) of body fat percentage.
Rethinking the dynamics of an accelerated charge from classical concepts. From the idea that radiation
comes from kinetic energy and managing the problem of the auto-energy of a point charge, a system of
non-linear dynamic equations are found and results amenable to experimental verification. In developing, a
relationship between the principle of causality, which affects the direction of time, and the constancy of
mass appears. Another consequence are the fluctuations in the motion of particles, compatible with
Brownian motion and Heisenberg´s indeterminacy principle. The case of gravitational acceleration is also
analyzed, concluding that no electromagnetic radiation is possible and there is no electric field that can
produce a constant acceleration on a point charge. Thus the constant acceleration is an exclusive feature of
gravity.
Effect of Four -Weeks Yogic Training Program on Selected Hematological Parame...Sports Journal
The aim of present study was to know the Effect of four - weeks yogic training program on selected Hematological parameters among male students. The training was conducted in the morning session of one hour for the period of four- weeks. The study was conducted on higher secondary school level male students. Total ten male students were be selected as subject. These subjects were selected in terms of purposive samples from the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th standards from Senior Secondary Model School Punjabi University Patiala. Two Hematological variables namely Erythrocytes and Leucocytes were selected for the purpose of this research. The results of the study reveals that there was significant effect of four weeks yogic protocol on erythrocytes and leucocytes count among male students.
Anisotropy of Coercive Force of Single Crystals and Sheets of Silicon Iron wi...ijeljournal
In this paper we investigate the regularities of anisotropy of coercive force both single crystals with the
orientation of surfaces parallel (001) so and the polycrystalline sheets of alloy Fe - 3% Si with different
texture. The mechanisms of anisotropy of coercive force are discussed.
Effects physical exercises and minor games on speed in mild mentally challeng...Sports Journal
The intention of the study was to analysis the effects of physical exercises and minor games on Speed in
mentally challenged Children. To achieve this purpose of the study 45 mild category mentally challenged
Children were selected from SATYA Special School Puducherry. Children chronological age from 15 to
20 and their IQ ranged from 60% to 70%. They were divided into three groups physical exercise group
(PEG) was considered as Group I, minor games group (MGG) considered as group II and control group
(CG) considered as Group III. Group I and II undergone training for 18 weeks. The training was
scheduled for three days in a week for an hour (4pm to 5 pm) and CG was not undergone the training.
Random group design was used for this study. Speed is the criterion variable which was measured by 50
mts dash. The test was taken before and after the training period. The collected data were statistically
analysed by Analysis Covariance (ANCOVA). All the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical
package. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 level of significance. From the results of the study it
can be concluded that there is no significant difference between CG and PEG on speed. Thus, the above
result clearly indicates that the speed in the children belonging to the MGG has considerably improved in
comparison to the PEG and CG.
Investigation of the changes on muscular endurance in response to aerobic and...Sports Journal
The rationale of the study is to investigate the changes on muscular endurance in response to aerobic and
anaerobic training among type 2 diabetic patients. To achieve the purpose of the study 45 male type 2
diabetic patients from Ongole, in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, India, were selected as subjects.
The subjects were selected in the age group of 45 to 50 years and they were randomly assigned into three
equal groups of 15 each. Experimental group-I performed aerobic training, experimental group-II
performed anaerobic training and group III acted as control. The muscular endurance was selected as
dependent variable. The data collected from the three groups prior to and post experimentation on
selected dependent variable was statistically analyzed to find out the significant difference if any, by
applying the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the obtained ‘F’ ratio value was found to be
significant for adjusted post-test means, the Scheffe’s test was applied as post hoc test. In all the cases the
level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 level for significance. The result of the study produced 20.48%
percentage of improvement due to aerobic training and 15.32% of improvement due to anaerobic training
in muscular endurance of the diabetic patients
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
Background Parkinson disease is a neurological syndrome usually resulting from deficiency of
neurotransmitter dopamine as the consequence of degenerative, vascular or inflammatory changes in the
basal ganglia. Aerobic exercise is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the
aerobic energy-generating process. Objective of the study was to review the effect of aerobic exercise on
walking capacity in subject with Parkinson disease. Methods. Total of 7 articles reviewed, which
supports aerobic exercise and walking capacity and conclusion made on the basis of results reviewed.
Conclusion. Thus based on the various results achieved in the previous studies, this literature review
concluded that the aerobic exercises can be a great way to improve walking capacity in patients with
Parkinsonism.
Influence of personality traits and self concept on performance as an individ...Sports Journal
Sports psychology is of recent origin. There is a great advancement of games and sports now-a-days
which was not prevalent in the past. Cratty confirms that intellectual involvement and intelligent
decision-making on the part of an athlete is a matter of experience. Morton Prince described, “Personality
is the sum total of all the biological innate dispositions, impulses, tendencies, attitudes and instincts of
the individuals and the dispositions and tendencies acquired by experiences. Gordon W. Allport said
“Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that
determine the individual’s unique adjustment to the environment”
Sample of study: Twenty male subjects were selected from S.G.G.S Khalsa College, Mahilpur (Pb). Ten
subjects from individual games and ten from Team games who had represented state level in their
respected games. The age level of the subjects ranged from 17 – 25 years.
Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that there shall not be any significant differences between means of
Self-Concept and Personality Traits among the individual and team games at the college level.
Statistical Analysis: To compare the Self-Concept and Personality Traits among individual and team
games players, mean, standard deviation and uncorrelated t-test was applied. The level of significance
was set at 0.05 levels.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING adeij1
In this paper, the modeling, optimization and simulation results of the piezoelectric energy harvesting using bond graph approach are presented. Firstly, a lightweight equivalent model derived from the bond graph is proposed. It’s a comprehensive model, which is suitable for piezoelectric seismic energy harvester investigation and power optimization. The optimal charge impedance for both the resistive load and complex load are given and analysed. Finally a bond graph approach is proposed to allow optimization of the extracted energy while keeping simplicity and standalone capability. The proposed model does not rely on any inductor and is constructed with a simple switch. The power harvested is more than twice the conventional technique one on a wide band of resistive load. The bond graph model is valid close to the analysed mode centre frequency and delivers results compared to experimental and analytical data. Furthermore, we also show that the harvester can be electrically tuned to match the excitation frequency. This makes it possible to maximize the power output for both linear and non-linear loads.
Analysis of Reactivity Accident for Control Rods Withdrawal at the Thermal Re...ijrap
In the present work, the point kinetics equations are solved numerically using the stiffness confinement
method (SCM). The solution is applied to the kinetics equations in the presence of different types of
reactivities, and is compared with other methods. This method is, also used to analyze reactivity accidents
in thermal reactor at start-up, and full power conditions for control rods withdrawal. Thermal reactor
(HTR-M) is fuelled by uranium-235. This analysis presents the effect of negative temperature feedback, and
the positive reactivity of control rods withdrawal. Power, temperature pulse, and reactivity following the
reactivity accidents are calculated using programming language (FORTRAN), and (MATLAB) Codes. The
results are compared with previous works and satisfactory agreement is found.
Analysis of Reactivity Accident for Control Rods Withdrawal at the Thermal Re...ijrap
In the present work, the point kinetics equations are solved numerically using the stiffness confinement
method (SCM). The solution is applied to the kinetics equations in the presence of different types of
reactivities, and is compared with other methods. This method is, also used to analyze reactivity accidents
in thermal reactor at start-up, and full power conditions for control rods withdrawal. Thermal reactor
(HTR-M) is fuelled by uranium-235. This analysis presents the effect of negative temperature feedback, and
the positive reactivity of control rods withdrawal. Power, temperature pulse, and reactivity following the
reactivity accidents are calculated using programming language (FORTRAN), and (MATLAB) Codes. The
results are compared with previous works and satisfactory agreement is found.
Solar Module Modeling, Simulation And Validation Under Matlab / SimulinkIJERA Editor
Solar modules are systems which convert sunlight into electricity using the physics of semiconductors. Mathematical modeling of these systems uses weather data such as irradiance and temperature as inputs. It provides the current, voltage or power as outputs, which allows plot the characteristic giving the intensity I as a function of voltage V for photovoltaic cells. In this work, we have developed a model for a diode of a Photovoltaic module under the Matlab / Simulink environment. From this model, we have plotted the characteristic curves I-V and P-V of solar cell for different values of temperature and sunlight. The validation has been done by comparing the experimental curve with power from a solar panel HORONYA 20W type with that obtained by the model.
STUDY OF THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A DYESENSITIZED SOLAR CELLSAEIJjournal2
The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have gained the last decades an important place among photovoltaic
technologies due to their low-cost of implementation and their performance, which becomes more efficient.
The experimental data for this type of cells are enriched and accumulated quickly, given the enthusiasm for
this new technology. The present work treats the equivalent circuit of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for
a model in an exponential, and by using the results of some works, we shall make a simulation by the
software Scilab to obtain the characteristics (I-V), then we will study the influence of every parameter on
the curve.
STUDY OF THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A DYESENSITIZED SOLAR CELLSAEIJjournal2
The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have gained the last decades an important place among photovoltaic technologies due to their low-cost of implementation and their performance, which becomes more efficient. The experimental data for this type of cells are enriched and accumulated quickly, given the enthusiasm for this new technology. The present work treats the equivalent circuit of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for a model in an exponential, and by using the results of some works, we shall make a simulation by the software Scilab to obtain the characteristics (I-V), then we will study the influence of every parameter on the curve.
ANALYSIS OF LIGHTNING STRIKE WITH CORONA ON OHTL NEAR THE SUBSTATION BY EMTP ADEIJ Journal
Lightning protection and insulation coordination of transmission lines and substations require an accurate
knowledge of the magnitudes and waveforms of lightning overvoltage. To simulate the lightning
overvoltage precisely near the substation, this study has shown how to consider the lightning impulse
corona for distortion effect of this overvoltage.
Radiation patterns account of a circular microstrip antenna loaded two annularwailGodaymi1
In this paper, theoretical study of circular microstrip antenna loaded two annular (CMSAL2AR) and calculation
of the radiation pattern using principle equivalence with moment of method formulation of electromagnetic
radiation in this these based on the bodies of revolution (BoR), which are generated by revolution a planar curve
about an axis called axis of symmetry to solving the electric fields integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field
integral equation (MFIE). To find an unknown electric current density on the conductor surface ,and both
unknowns electric and magnetic density current on the dielectric surface which are responsible for the
generation of far fields radiation in the space for the components (Eθ ,Eφ) ,the surface currents was represented
by a set of basis functions that give the Fourier series because the body has a circular symmetry property and
then select a set of weighted functions to find a linear system by using Galerkin method which requires that the
weighted functions are equal to the complex conjugate of the current ( ) * W = J .from radiation pattern
calculated the Directive gain can be utilized to the directive gain increased to (G= 21.30 dB) when
( 0.015λ 1 = g R ) for the ratio of (Rab= 5.5), and bandwidth has been better (BW%= 19.9%) when
( 0.01λ 1 = g R ) for the ratio (Rab= 6.5) .
SIMULATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A WIND TURBINE Mellah Hacene
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model of a wind turbine and its simulation. This is one of the main resources available to
the island system (Grid-Off system).
Keywords: wind turbine, island system, Grid-Off system, renewable energy source.
1 Introduction to wind turbine
A wind turbine is basically a converter, or in other words a device that transforms one type of energy into
another. In this case, it is the transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The source of mechanical energy is the flow (flow) of air, which acts on the turbine blades. The blades are
located on a shaft which is coupled to a permanent magnet (magnet). The magnets are a rotating part, which is
named the rotor. The stator consists of a coil (coils) of wound copper conductor. Due to the changing magnetic
field (PM - permanent magnets), an electrical voltage is induced at the terminals (terminals) of the coil / coils. In
essence, it is a synchronous generator, since the variable electric field is coupled (synchronized) with the speed
of the changing and magnetic fields. [1-5]
A schematic block diagram of a wind turbine as a synchronous generator is shown in Fig. 1.
RESEARCH ON INDUCTION HEATING - A REVIEWEditor IJCATR
This paper presents results of finite element analysis of induction heating problems considering temperature dependence of
material characteristics. In this analysis, we have used the three-dimensional finite element method in order to correctly express
induction heating coil’s shapes and to make clear its effects on temperature distributions. The heat-conducting problem and the eddy
current problem are coupled, and solved by using the step-by-step calculations.
EFFECTIVE PEEC MODELING OF TRANSMISSION LINES STRUCTURES USING A SELECTIVE ME...EEIJ journal
The transmission lines structures are quite common in the system of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
analysis. The increasing complexities of physical structures make electromagnetic modeling an
increasingly tough task, and computational efficiency is desirable. In this paper, a novel selective mesh
approach is presented for partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) modeling where intense coupling parts
are meshed while the remaining parts are eliminated. With the proposed approach, the meshed ground
plane is dependent on the length and height of the above transmission lines. Relevant compact formulae for
determining mesh boundaries are deduced, and a procedure of general mesh generation is also given. A
numerical example is presented, and a validation check is accomplished, showing that the approach leads
to a significant reduction in unknowns and thus computation time and consumed memories, while
preserving the sufficient precision. This approach is especially useful for modeling the electromagnetic
coupling of transmission lines and reference ground, and it may also be beneficial for other equivalent
circuit modeling techniques.
Effect analysis of the different channel length and depth of photovoltaic the...IJECEIAES
The converted Solar energy as electrical and thermal energy was named photovoltaic thermal (PVT). The aim of this study is to the analysis of different length and depth channel effect of photovoltaic thermal with ∇-groove collector by a mathematical model. The matrix inversion was used to analyze the energy balance equation. Simulation results were conducted below the solar intensity of 800 W/m 2 and mass flow rate between 0.0069 kg/s and 0.0491 kg/s. Electrical and thermal efficiency was done to assess the effect of different length and channel depth of PVT system with ∇-groove collector. The effect of different length and depth of ∇-groove collector for electrical and thermal performance is caused by changed mass flow rate. The effect Increasing of the mass flow rate of collector increased the thermal and electrical performance of the ∇-groove collector.
Design and Simulation of Array of Rectangular Micro Cantilevers Piezoelectric...IJERA Editor
This paper presents the design, analysis and simulation of MEMS based array of bimorph rectangular microcantilever piezoelectric energy harvester structure with and without tip mass, to analyze their sensitivity. The microcantilever beams are made up of piezoelectric material and Aluminium as a substrate material. The analytical simulation of design is done by FEM (COMSOL Multiphysics). The simulation results of bimorph cantilever structure, applied force of 0.1 N and obtained end displacement and electric potential developed are given. The analytical model of the cantilever beam will be analyzed and the process of its construction will be discussed. The changes in the sensitivity of a cantilever beam with respect to change in its shape for the same applied force of 0.1N are denoted.
Research on Transformer Core Vibration under DC Bias Based on Multi-field Cou...inventionjournals
The Mathematical models for DC bias vibration analysis of the transformer core are developed in this paper. The model is combined into multi-physical field coupling modeling for vibration analysis of the transformer. By applying the primary voltage as excitation and under different DC bias, vibrations of the transformer core is simulated and analyzed.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Validation of Coil Voltage in Induction Melting Process
1. International Journal of Electromagnetics ( IJEL ), Vol 1, No 1, August 2016
21
ANALYTICAL, NUMERICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF COIL
VOLTAGE IN INDUCTION MELTING PROCESS
B Patidar, M.T.Saify, M.M.Hussain, S.K.Jha, and A.P.Tiwari
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
ABSTRACT
This paper presents, mathematical model of induction heating process by using analytical and numerical
methods. In analytical method, series equivalent circuit (SEC) is used to represent induction coil and work
piece. Induction coil and workpiece parameters (resistance and reactance) are calculated by standard
formulas along with Nagaoka correction factors and Bessel functions. In Numerical method, magnetic
vector potential formulation is done and finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the field equations.
Analytically and numerically computed parameters such as equivalent coil resistance, reactance, coil
voltage, work piece power are compared and found that they are in good agreement. Analytically and
numerically obtained coil voltages at different frequencies are validated by experimental results. This
mathematical model is useful for coil design and optimization of induction heating process.
KEYWORDS: -
Electromagnetic, FEM, induction coil parameter, induction heating
1. INTRODUCTION
Induction heating is widely utilized in different industrial applications such as melting, forging,
welding, hardening etc [1, 2]. It is based on electromagnetic induction phenomenon, which is
very complex and results completely depend upon various design and process parameters [3].
Often, many experiments need to be conducted to optimize the melting process, which is
expensive and time consuming. Mathematical modeling and simulation of induction melting
process not only helps to avoid tedious experiments, it also helps to understand the process in
depth.
Most of literature on induction heating system design and optimization are based on
mathematical modeling and simulation [4]-[8]. Only few articles [9][10][11] are available, in
which analytical methods are used to explain the induction heating process. In this paper,
Analytical and numerical methods are used to calculate the coil voltages at different frequencies
and validated it with experimental results.
In Analytical method, Nagaoka short coil correction factor is used to account the end effect and
flux density outside the coil. Nagaoka modified correction factor is included in formulation to
account presence of work piece inside the coil [6]. Lead resistance and inductance are significant,
therefore they are also included in computation. Work piece resistance and power are calculated
by using Bessel function, because it gives more accurate values compared to generalized formulas
2. International Journal of Electromagnetics ( IJEL ), Vol 1, No 1, August 2016
22
[6]. Coil equivalent inductance is used to select proper values of capacitors for coil tuning with
power source [1]. Analytical methods are generally applicable to simple geometries.
In Numerical method, magnetic vector potential formulation is used for computation of different
design parameters. Magnetic vector potential formulation requires less computation compared to
magnetic field formulation. Finite element method (FEM) based multiphysics software is used to
solve the field equations and compute various parameters such as coil impedance, voltage and
work piece power at different frequencies. Numerical methods can be applied to complicated
geometry, but it requires detailed understanding of coding language. Numerical methods are
iteration based and require lot of computation resources and time to solve the problem.
This paper is organized as follows: After introduction in section I, section II includes analytical
formulation which is used to calculate various parameters such as coil equivalent resistance,
reactance, coil voltage, work piece power, and coil efficiency. Mathematical model, numerical
method, simulation procedure and experimental set up details are also explained in section II. In
section III, all results computed from analytical and numerical method are displayed, analyzed
and validated with experimental results.
2. METHODS
2.1 Analytical formulation
2-D Axisymmetric geometry of induction melting process is shown in figure1 (a). Here, graphite
crucible is placed inside the multi turn copper induction coil. Graphite is used as a susceptor and
it heats up the charge by radiation and conduction. In induction melting process, Induction coil
and workpiece can be represented by using series equivalent circuit (SEC) as shown in figure
1(b).
Dc
dc
Sc
Dw
lc
lw
Refractory
Copper
Induction coil
Graphite
Crucible
Charge
z
r
1 (a)
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23
R'w
Xg
Xc X'w
VL
R
IC
LR
IC
LR
IC
L Rc
XL
1(b)
Figure 1(a) 2-D geometry of induction coil and workpiece. 1(b). Series equivalent circuit of Coil
and workpiece (Graphite crucible)
In Series equivalent circuit, VL is the coil voltage (V), Ic is the coil current (A), Rc is the coil
resistance (Ω), Xc is the coil reactance (Ω), Rw is the work piece resistance (Ω), Xw is the work
piece reactance (Ω), XL is the lead reactance (Ω), RL is the lead resistance (Ω), R’
W is the work
piece resistance refereed to coil side (Ω), Xg is air gap reactance (Ω), X’W is work piece reactance
refereed to coil side (Ω).
Coil equivalent impedance (Zeq) and coil voltage (VL) are expressed by eq (1.1) and eq (1.2)
respectively,
= ( + + ′ ) + ( + + ′ + ) (1.1)
= (1.2)
Coil and workpiece parameters are calculated [9], [11] by using following formulas,
Coil resistance =
( )
(2.1)
Space factor ! = (2.2)
Coil skin depth " = #$# %
(2.3)
In these equations, Nc is the no of turns, lc is the coil height (m), ' is the coil diameter(m), ρc is
the copper resistivity (Ω-m) at 393 0
K, µ0 is the permeability of free space i.e. 4πX10 (-7)
, µr is the
relative permeability (µr=1 for copper, graphite),f is the power source frequency(Hz).
Coil reactance for (tc>2δc) Xc = Rc (3)
In this equation, tc is coil tube thickness (m)
Air gap reactance = (
∗ #$ %( * +)
(4.1)
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24
,
∗
= , -1 − 0 +* +
( )
1 2 + 0 +* +
( )
1 (4.2)
, =
3
[3
$.67$ (8 9: )
;
]
(4.3)
In these equations, Dw is the workpiece diameter (m), δw is the workpiece skin depth (m), ,
∗
is the
modified Nagaoka correction factor, , is the short coil correction factor.
Workpiece resistance and reactance are calculated by using workpiece active and reactive power
respectively.
Workpiece active and reactive power is calculated by,
= = (>?@A@!)B - +
2 C D (5)
E = (>?@A@!)B - +
2C F (6)
Here, lH= Workpiece length (m)
p, q= Workpiece power loss constant, this parameters are find out using equations given in [2],
H= Magnetic field intensity (A/m)
Magnetic field intensity is calculated by,
C = (
∗ I
(7)
Lead resistance is calculated by standard ohms law considering the skin effect and proximity
effect. Lead reactance is calculated by using parallel transmission line formula.
2.2 Mathematical modeling
Induction heating is multiphysics process i.e combination of Electromagnetic field and heat
transfer. Electromagnetic field produced by induction coil is represented by maxwell equations
[4]-[8], [15], [16],[17] as shown below,
∇ × CLLM = NOLM + PQLLLM (8.1)
∇ × OLM = −
RSLM
RT
(8.2)
∇. ULM = 0 (8.3)
Constitutive equations,
ULM = @A@!CLLM (8.4)
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25
WM = NOLM (8.5)
In these equations, H is the Magnetic field strength (A/m), E is the Electric field strength (V/m),
σ is the Electrical conductivity (S/m), js
is the source current density (A/m2
), B is the Magnetic
flux density (T). From eq (8.3), magnetic vector potential is defined as,
ULLLM= X × YM (9)
eq (8.4), eq (9) put into eq (8.1) gives,
X × X × YM = @A@!ZNOLM + PQLLLM[ (10)
From eq (8.2), eq (9) and by applying vector identity, eq (10) can be written as,
∇ Y = @A@!(N
RM
RT
− PQLLLM) (11.1)
Induction coil carries sinusoidal current, Hence eq(11.1) can be written as,
∇ Y = @A@!(N]YLLLLLLM − PQLLLM) (11.2)
For 2-D axisymmetric geometry shown in figure 2(a) and using cylindrical coordinates, eq (11.2)
can be written as,
In induction coil
R ^
R!
+
3
!
R^
R!
+
R ^
R_
−
^
!
= `]@A@!NYa − @A@!PQLLLM (12.1)
In Workpiece
R ^
R!
+
3
!
R^
R!
+
R ^
R_
−
^
!
= `]@A@!NYa (12.2)
In vacuum/air
R ^
R!
+
3
!
R^
R!
+
R ^
R_
−
^
!
= 0 (12.3)
In these equations, θ, z, r are the Cylindrical coordinates, Aθ is the θ Component of the magnetic
vector potential (V.sec/m), ω is the Angular frequency of coil current (rad/sec).
2.3 Numerical analysis
Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to solve the eq (12.1), (12.2) & (12.3) in geometry given in
figure 2(a). In this method, Solution domain is discretized into number of discrete sub domain or
elements. After discretization, integral formulation is obtained by using Galerkin technique,
which is known as weak form. After that, algebraic equations for each element are obtained in
matrix form. Assembling of all element equations gives the global matrices [18] as shown below
[b]cYd + [C]cYd = cWd (13)
In this equation, [K] is the stiffness matrix, [H] is the Mass matrix,
6. International Journal of Electromagnetics ( IJEL ), Vol 1, No 1, August 2016
26
{A} is the Magnetic vector Potential, {J} is the Electrical current density.
Eq (13) is solved by using suitable boundary conditions and forcing function. Once, magnetic
vector potential is determined, then other quantities like, coil resistance, reactance, voltage, and
work piece power are computed.
2.4 Simulation
Simulation is done in three steps i.e. preprocessing, processing & post processing [1], [19], .In
preprocessing, 2-D axisymmetric geometry shown in figure 2(a) is used for simulation. Materials
and their properties given in table-I and table –II are assigned to different domains. Boundary
conditions are specified as per table -III. Current is used as forcing function. Triangular elements
are used for domain discretization. Mesh is refined on the surface of induction coil and workpiece
as shown in the figure 2(b) [19]. Induction coil carries sinusoidal current, therefore frequency
domain study is done for this analysis [16]. In processing step, magnetic vector potential is
computed in different domains as shown in figure 2(c). In post processing step, other process
related quantities like Magnetic flux density, Coil resistance, reactance, voltage and workpiece
power are computed.
Table-I. Workpiece dimension and properties
Table-II Induction coil dimensions and properties
Table-III Boundary condition and forcing function
Sr. No. Work Piece Description
1. Material Graphite
2. Outer Diameter 160 mm
3. Inner Diameter 117.5 mm
4. Height 180 mm
5. Electrical Conductivity at 2730
K 1.42653X105
S/m
6. Electric permittivity 1
7. Magnetic permeability 1
Sr.No. Induction coil Description
1. Material Copper
2. Inside diameter 215mm
3. Outside diameter 247mm
4. Height 200mm
5. Coil tube diameter 16mm
6. Coil tube thickness 2mm
7. No. of turn 9
8. Electrical conductivity at 2730
K 5.998X107
S/m
9. Electric permittivity 1
10. Magnetic permeability 1
Sr.No. Boundary condition Description
1. Outer boundary A=0
2. Asymmetry axis eY
ef
= 0
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27
Table-IV Lead cable specification
2 (c) 2 (d)
Figure 2(a). Axisymmetric geometry, 2(b) Meshing, 2(c). Magnetic vector potential at 6.55
kHz, 2(d) Magnetic flux density at 6.55 kHz
Sr no Lead Cable Description
1 Material Copper
2 Length 3.61 m
3 Outer diameter 0.025m
4 Thickness 0.001 m
5 Insulation gap 0.015m
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28
2.5 Experiment
Experiments were carried out on vacuum induction melting furance. Schematic diagram of
furnace is shown in the figure (3). 40 kW, 5 kHz, 400 V Power source was connected to the
induction coil. During experiment, various parameters such as Coil current, coil voltage were
measured and recorded at different frequency as shown in figure 4. High frequency current was
measured by rogowaski coil [20]. During experiment, Vacuum below 100 µbar and cooling water
pressure more than 2 kg/cm2
were maintained.
Water coolant
Vacuum
Copper
Induction
coil
Charge
Graphite
crucible
Induction
melting
power
source
3-Phase
mains
power
supply
Melting
vessel
Figure (3). Schematic diagram of Uranium melting
3. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
Experimental results are shown in the figure (4). From figure (4), it is observed that resonance
frequency of series RLC circuit is approximately (6 kHz). As power source output frequency
moves towards resonance frequency, induction coil voltage and current increase.
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0
100
200
300
400
Voltage
Coilvoltage(V)
Frequency(kHz)
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Current
CoilCurrent(A)
Figure (4). Coil voltage and coil current during experiment
9. International Journal of Electromagnetics ( IJEL ), Vol 1, No 1, August 2016
29
01 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0.0
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82 Copper
GraphiteSkinDepth(mm)
CopperSkinDepth(mm)
Frequency(kHz)
0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
Workpiece
Figure (5). Skin depth at different frequency
In figure (5), it is observed that skin depth in graphite is 20 times more than copper due to high
resistivity of graphite. Figure 6(a) and 6 (b), show the comparison of analytically and numerically
calculated equivalent coil resistance and reactance. The difference between analytical and
numerical resistance and reactance values are less than 7 % and 4 % respectively in specified
frequency range.
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0.00
0.054
0.056
0.058
0.060
0.062
0.064
0.066
Equivalentcoilresistance(Ohm)
Frequency(kHz)
Analytical
Numerical
6 (a)
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30
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0.00
0.05
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
Coilequivalentreactance(Ohm)
Frequency(kHz)
Analytical
Numerical
6 (b)
Figure 6(a) coil and workpiece equivalent resistance, 6(b) Coil and workpiece equivalent
reactance
From figure7 (a) and (b), it is observed that analytical and numerical calculated coil voltage and
workpiece power are in good agreement and difference is less than 4% for coil voltage and less
than 2 % for workpiece power in specified frequency range.
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0
80
120
160
200
240
280
Coilvoltage(V)
Frequency(Khz)
Analytical
Numerical
7 (a)
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31
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Workpiecepower(W)
Frequency(kHz)
Numerical
Analytical
7 (b)
Figure (7) (a) Coil voltage, (7) (b) workpiece power calculated by analytical and numerical
methods
Figure (8) shows the workpiece and coil power calculated by eq (7.1) and (7.2) at different
frequency. These data are used to calculate the coil efficiency at different frequencies and found
that coil efficiency is ~81%.
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
CoilPower(W)
Workpiece
WorkpiecePower(W)
Frequency(kHz)
0
2000
4000
6000
Coilpower
Figure (8) Coil and work piece power at different frequency
12. International Journal of Electromagnetics ( IJEL ), Vol 1, No 1, August 2016
32
0 6.8 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4
0
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CoilVoltage(V)
Frequency(kHz)
Experiment
Numerial
Analytical
Figure (9) Analytically, numerically and experimentally obtained coil voltage
After validation of analytical and numerical model of induction heating process, experiment was
conducted to validate the coil voltage calculated by analytical and numerical method. Figure (9)
shows the comparison of analytical, numerical and experimental coil voltage. In this comparison,
lead impedance is included during analytical and numerical computation, because during
experiment, coil voltages are measured at power source output terminal. From figure (9), it is
observed that results are in good agreement.
4. CONCLUSION
Mathematical modeling and simulation of electromagnetic induction phenomenon in induction
heating process were carried out and results were validated by analytically obtained results.
Experiments were conducted to validate the coil voltage obtained by analytical and numerical
methods at different frequencies. Analytical and numerically calculated workpiece power at
different frequencies is very much close to each other and that is the main concern of induction
heating system designer. This model can be applied to optimize the coil parameters to get the
desired results in induction heating of different kind of materials and avoid the tedious
experiments. This model helps to understand the dynamics of induction heating process in depth.
As these analyses are restricted only to electromagnetic part of induction heating, this can be
further coupled to the power source for transient analysis and heat transfer physics to find out
temperature profile in workpiece.
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