This document analyzes and compares the gross motor skills of men who play basketball, handball, and volleyball. It presents research that tested the throw distance, throw accuracy, and jump distance of 12 players from each sport. The results found: 1) Handball players had significantly greater throw distance than basketball and volleyball players. 2) Basketball players had significantly greater throw accuracy than handball and volleyball players. 3) There were no significant differences in jump distance between the three sports. The research concluded that the types of skills required by each sport influence differences in the gross motor skills that were tested.

1. ANALYSIS OF GROSSMOTOR SKILLS AMONG
BASKETBALL HANDBALL AND VOLLEYBALL
MEN PLAYERS
Presented
Mr. S. PARTHIPAN
M.Phil.Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education &
Yoga , Bharathidasan University,Tiruchirappalli-620024.

2. UNDER TGUIDANCE OF
Dr. A.Palanisamy
Associate Professor &
Sports Secretary
Department of Physical
Education Bharathidasan
University
Tiruchirapalli-620024
SUBMITTED BY
Mr.S.PARTHIPAN,
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY
IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION,
DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND YOGA,
BHARATHIDASAN
UNIVERSITY,
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI 620 024.
TAMILNADU
INDIA

3. INTRODUCTION
GROSSMOTOR SKILLS:
 Motor skills are actions that involve the
movement of muscles in the body.
 Gross motor skills, which are the larger
movements of arms, legs, feet, or the entire body
involved in actions like crawling, running, and
jumping, and fine motor skills, which are
simpler movements, such as grasping an object
between the thumb and another finger or playing
a drop shot in tennis.

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 Motor skills usually develop together since
many activities depend on the coordination of the
gross and the fine motor skills.
 Most development occurs during childhood.
However, some athletes and others who engage in
activities requiring high degrees of endurance may
have to spend years to improve their level of muscle
and body coordination and gross SS motor skills.

5. METHODOLOGY
SUBJECTS
 To achieve the purpose of the study twelve basketball,
twelve volleyball Men players, and twelve handball players
were selected from Bharathi Educational Institution,
Namakkal, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu and India.
 The age of the subjects ranged from 14 to 17 years.
 The selected subjects were divided into three groups
Group -I consist of 12 volleyball players,Group- II twelve
handball players and Group -III consist of 12 basketball
players.
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6. SELECTION OF TESTS
S.No Criterion Variables Test Items
Unit of
Measurement
1 Throw for Distance Tennis ball Throw In Meters
2 Throw for Accuracy Target ball Throw In numbers
3. Jump for Distance Standing Broad jump In Meters
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7. STATISTICAL PROCEDURES
• All the subjects were tested on selected criterion variables. The
data pertaining to the variables were examined by using analysis
of variance (ANOVA) for each variables to determine the
differences if any, among the means.
• Whenever ‘F’ ratio was found to be significant, the Scheffe’s
test was used as post-hoc test to determine the cell mean
differences.
• The level of significance was fixed at .05 level of confidence for
all the cases.
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8. RESULTS
TABLE -II
INTRA CLASS CO-EFFICIENT OF CORRELATION ON
SELECTED VARIABLES
Sl. No. Criterion Variables
Correlation Coefficient
‘R’
1 Throw for Distance 0.90*
2 Throw for Accuracy 0.89*
3. Jump for Distance 0.90*
* Significant at .05 level of confidence.(Table value
required for significance at 0.05 level of confidence is
0.77) Since the obtained 'R' values were much higher
than the required value, the data were accepted as reliable
in terms of instrument, tester and the subjects.
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9. 1.THROW FOR DISTANCE
The analysis of variance on the data obtained on throw
for distance of three different groups have been analyzed and
presented in Table- III.
Mean  Standard Deviation
Basketball Handball Volleyball
15.60 17.14 14.96
TABLE- III
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ON THROW FOR DISTANCE OF
THREE DIFFERENT GROUPS
Sources
Of
Variance
Sum of
Square
df
Mean
Squares
F-ratio
Between 30.35 2 15.18
19.46*
Within 25.68 33 0.78
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10. TABLE -IV
SCHEFFE’S TEST FOR THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE
PAIRED MEANS ON THROW FOR DISTANCE AMONG DIFFERENT
GROUPS
*Significant at .05 level.
 The table -IV shows that the mean difference in Throw for distance
between basketball and handball, basketball and volleyball and
handball and volleyball are 1.54, 0.64 and 2.18 which are lesser than
the confidence interval value of 2.25 at .05 level of confidence.
 The result of the study indicates that there is significant difference
between basketball and handball, basketball and volleyball and
handball and volleyball on Throw for distance. However, the mean
value of handball was found to be higher than basketball and volleyball
on Throw for distance.
Basketball Handball Volleyball
15.60 17.14
15.60 14.96
17.14 14.960
Mean values Mean Differences Confidential Interval
1.54 2.25
0.64 2.25
2.18 2.25
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11. THE MEANS VALUES OF BASKETBALL, HANDBALL
AND VOLLEYBALL ON THROW FOR DISTANCE ARE
GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED IN FIGURE- I
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13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
Basketball Handball Volleyball
15.6
17.14
14.96
Meters

12. 2. THROW FOR ACCURACY
TABLE- V
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ON THROW FOR ACCURACY OF THREE
DIFFERENT GROUPS
Basketball Handball Volleyball
16.50
16.25 15.42
Mean  Standard Deviation Sources
Of
Variance
Sum of
Square
Df
Mean
Squares
F-ratio
Between 7.72 2 3.86
3.98*
Within 32.17 33 0.97
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(The table value required for significance at .05 level with df 2 and 33 is 3.32)

13. TABLE- VI
SCHEFFE’S TEST FOR THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE
PAIRED MEANS ON THROW FOR ACCURACY AMONG
DIFFERENT GROUPS
Mean values
Basketball Handball Volleyball
16.50 16.25
16.50 15.41
16.25 15.41
Mean
Differences
Confidential
Interval
0.25 1.13
1.09 1.13
0.84 1.13
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*Significant at .05 level.
The table VI shows that the mean difference in throw for accuracy
between basketball and handball, basketball and volleyball and
handball, volleyball are 0.25, 1.09 and 0.84 which are lesser than the
confidence interval value of 1.13 at .05 level of confidence.

14. The result of the study indicates that there is significant difference between
basketball and handball and basketball and volleyball and handball and volleyball on
throw for accuracy. However, the mean value of basketball was found to be higher than
handball and volleyball on throw for accuracy.
THE MEAN VALUES OF BASKETBALL, HANDBALL AND
VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ARE GRAPHICALLY
REPRESENTED IN FIGURE- II.
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
Basketball Handball Volleyball
16.50 16.25
14.42
Numbers

15. 3. JUMP FOR DISTANCE
TABLE- VII
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE ON JUMP FOR DISTANCE
OF THREE
DIFFERENT GROUPS
Mean  Standard Deviation
Basketball Handball Volleyball
1.37
1.34 1.31
(Jump for distance scores are in meters)(The table value required for
significance at .05 level with df 2 and 33 is 3.32)
Table VII shows that the mean values of three different groups like
basketball, handball, and volleyball are 1.37, 1.34 and 1.31 respectively. The
obtained F-ratio value is 43.52 which is greater than the table value 3.32
with df 2 and 33 required for significance at .05 level.
Sources
Of
Variance
Sum of
Square
Df
Mean
Squares
F-ratio
Between 0.016 2 0.008
43.52*
Within 0.006 33 0.000
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16. TABLE- VIII
SCHEFFE’S TEST FOR THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE
PAIRED MEANS ON JUMP FOR DISTANCE AMONG DIFFERENT
GROUPS
Mean values
Basketball Handball Volleyball
1.37 1.34
1.37 1.31
1.34 1.31
*Significant at .05 level.
The table VIII shows that the mean difference in throw for distance between,
basketball and handball, basketball and volleyball, handball and volleyball are
0.03, 0.06 and 0.03 which are lesser than the confidence interval value of 0.30 at
.05 level of confidence.
The result of the study indicates that there is no significant difference between
basketball and handball and basketball and volleyball and handball and volleyball
on jump for distance. However, the mean value of basketball was found to be
higher than handball and volleyball on jump for distance.
Mean Differences Confidential Interval
0.03 0.30
0.06 0.30
0.03 0.30
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17. THE MEAN VALUES OF BASKETBALL,
VOLLEYBALLAND HANDBALL PLAYERS
ARE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED IN
FIGURE- III.
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1.28
1.29
1.3
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
Basketball Handball Volleyball
1.37
1.34
1.31
Meters

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CONCLUSION
From the results of the study, following
conclusions were drawn;
1. There was significant difference between
basketball, handball and volleyball players in throw
for distance.
2. There was significant difference between
basketball, handball and volleyball players in throw
for accuracy.
3. There was significant difference between
basketball, handball and volleyball players in jump for
distance.

19. REFERENCES
 Stephenson P.J. & C. Sajv Joseph, “For college teachers of physical education” (SAINSSC, Bangalore
2003) P.25
 Uppal A.K., Physical Fitness. Delhi : Friends Publication, Inc., 1992.
 Schalow G, Paasuke M, Kolts., “High-load Coordination Dynamics in Athletes, Physiotherapists,
Gymnasts, Musicians and Patients with CNS Injury”, Electromyogr Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003 Sep, 43:6,
p-353-65.
 Shimada H, Obuchi S, Kamide N, Shiba Y, Okamoto M, Kakurai S., “Relationship with Dynamic Balance
Function During Standing and Walking, American Journal Phys Med Rehabil, 2003 Jul, 82:7, p-511-6.
 Eloranta V., “Influence of Sports Background on Leg Muscle Coordination in Vertical Jumps”,
Electromyogr Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003 Apr-May, 43:3, p-141-56.
 Berbalan N. Knapp, “Simple Reaction Time of Selected Top Class Sportsman and Research Students”
Research Quarterly, 32 (October 1961), 409.


20. Thank you