This report presents an analysis of the financial market securities in Bangladesh, focusing on the current status, challenges, and prospects for future growth. The study was conducted through a comprehensive review of secondary sources, including published reports, academic studies, and industry publications. The report highlights that the Bangladeshi financial market has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by a stable macroeconomic environment and supportive government policies. The market has seen an influx of new investors and increased participation from institutional investors, leading to increased liquidity and trading volumes. However, the report also identifies several challenges that could potentially limit the growth of the financial market. These include a lack of regulatory oversight, limited product diversity, and low levels of financial literacy among the general public. Despite these challenges, the report also identifies several prospects for future growth in the financial market, including the potential for increased foreign investment, the development of new financial products, and the expansion of digital platforms. Overall, the report concludes that the Bangladeshi financial market is well-positioned for future growth but requires careful attention to address the challenges it faces. Policymakers, regulators, and market participants all have a role to play in ensuring the sustainability and development of the financial market in Bangladesh.

1. Analysis of Financial Market
Securities in Bangladesh:
Current Status, Challenges, and
Prospects
Group:08 9/11/23 FIN 8602

2. Analysis of Financial Market Securities
in Bangladesh: Current Status,
Challenges, and Prospects
Course Name : Financial Institutions and Markets (FIM)
Course Code : FIN 8602
Group: 08
Name ID
Md. Asifur Rahaman 2123021029
Md. Muniruzzaman 2123021043
Jahid Khan Rahat 2123021047
Prepared by:
Submitted to:
Md. Kaysher Hamid
Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration- General, FBS
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
Submission Date: 9th May, 2023

3. Letter of Transmittal
18th
April 2023
Md. Kaysher Hamid
Assistant Professor
Department of Business Administration- General, FBS
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
Subject: Submission of the Term paper on “Analysis of Financial Market Securities in
Bangladesh: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects”.
Dear Sir,
It is a great pleasure and privilege to present the Term paper on “Analysis of Financial Market
Securities in Bangladesh: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects” which was assigned to us
as a partial requirement for the completion of Financial Institutions and Markets (FIM) course.
Throughout the study we tried with the best of our capacity to accommodate as much
information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have
suggested. We tried our best to make this report as much informative as possible. We sincerely
believe that it will satisfy your requirements. However, we sincerely believe that this report
will serve the purpose of our term paper.
We, therefore, pray and hope that you would kindly accept our term paper and oblige thereby.
With thanks, and best regards.
Sincerely Yours,
Md. Asifur Rahaman ………………………….
Md. Muniruzzaman ………………………….
Jahid Khan Rahat ………………………….

4. Acknowledgement
We are thankful and pay our deep gratitude towards the almighty Allah at the beginning
because without the blessing we wouldn’t have been this fortunate to finish this term paper.
There are a lot of people whom we have to thank too. First of all, our cordial thanks go to Md.
Kaysher Hamid Sir as our course instructor to provide us this great opportunity to work in this
term paper and giving us the such privilege to learn thereby. Secondly, we are thankful to the
supportive and cooperative groupmate for their effort to make this term paper effectively and
efficiently.

5. Executive Summary
This report presents an analysis of the financial market securities in Bangladesh, focusing on
the current status, challenges, and prospects for future growth. The study was conducted
through a comprehensive review of secondary sources, including published reports, academic
studies, and industry publications.
The report highlights that the Bangladeshi financial market has experienced significant growth
in recent years, driven by a stable macroeconomic environment and supportive government
policies. The market has seen an influx of new investors and increased participation from
institutional investors, leading to increased liquidity and trading volumes.
However, the report also identifies several challenges that could potentially limit the growth of
the financial market. These include a lack of regulatory oversight, limited product diversity,
and low levels of financial literacy among the general public.
Despite these challenges, the report also identifies several prospects for future growth in the
financial market, including the potential for increased foreign investment, the development of
new financial products, and the expansion of digital platforms.
Overall, the report concludes that the Bangladeshi financial market is well-positioned for future
growth but requires careful attention to address the challenges it faces. Policymakers,
regulators, and market participants all have a role to play in ensuring the sustainability and
development of the financial market in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Money Market, Capital Market, Foreign Exchange Market

6. Abbreviation
BB Bangladesh Bank
BSEC Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission
CD Commercial Paper
CSE Chittagong Stock Exchange
DSE Dhaka Stock Exchange
DFIs Development Finance Institutions
FY Fiscal Year
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
OTC Over-the-counter
Repos Repurchase Agreements

7. Contents
1.0 Background.................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Money Market ................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Capital Market in Bangladesh .........................................................................................2
1.1.3 Taka Treasury Bond Market............................................................................................3
1.1.4 Foreign Exchange Market ...............................................................................................5
1.2 Statement of the Problem........................................................................................................6
1.3 Scope of the Report.................................................................................................................6
1.4 Objective of the Study.............................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Primary Objective:...........................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Specific objectives:..........................................................................................................7
1.5 Research Questions.................................................................................................................7
1.6 Research Gap ..........................................................................................................................7
1.7 Research Methodology ...........................................................................................................7
1.7.1 Research Design..............................................................................................................7
1.7.2 Source and collection of data .........................................................................................8
2.0 Review of Literature....................................................................................................................8
3.0 Theoretical and Empirical Literature ..........................................................................................9
3.1 Current situation of Bangladesh Financial Market Securities.................................................9
3.2 Money Market.........................................................................................................................9
3.2.1 Interbank Rate.................................................................................................................9
3.2.2 Call Money Markets......................................................................................................10
3.2.3 Market for Repo and Reverse Repo..............................................................................11
3.2.4 Bill Markets ...................................................................................................................12
3.3 Capital Market ......................................................................................................................12
3.3.1 Bangladesh DSE.............................................................................................................12
3.3.2 BD SEC...........................................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Bond Market .................................................................................................................14
3.4.0 Foreign Exchange Market.....................................................................................................15
3.4.1 Interbank USD/BDT exchange rate as on May 07, 2023:..............................................15
3.4.2 Cross rates as on Apr 05, 2023:.....................................................................................15
3.4.3 Exchange Rate Movements (Taka per US$)..................................................................16
3.4.4 Foreign exchange reserve in Bangladesh......................................................................16
4.0 Limitations of the study ............................................................................................................17
5.0 Report Preview..........................................................................................................................17

8. 6.0 Findings .....................................................................................................................................18
7.0 Challenges.................................................................................................................................19
8.0 Recommendations....................................................................................................................20
8.0 Conclusion:................................................................................................................................21
9.0 References ................................................................................................................................22

9. Page | 1
1.0 Background
As a part of our course, we have prepared this preparation. This report was given by our course
tutor Md. Kaysher Hamid, Assistant Professor, as a report to be submitted on 09 May 2023.
We have prepared a detailed analysis of our assigned topic– “Analysis of Financial Market
Securities in Bangladesh: Current Status, Challenges and Prospects” We have provided their
sincerity and serious effort to prepare this term paper. In this report, we mainly try to find out
how the security market smoothly operates in the Bangladesh market.
1.1 Introduction
Financial Market Securities are easy-to-exchange and tradable financial instruments used to
increase capital in public and private sectors. There are primarily four types of Financial Market
Securities: Money Market, Capital Market, Taka Treasury Bond Market, and Foreign
Exchange Market.
1.1.1 Money Market
The money market refers to a sector of the financial market where short-term borrowing and
lending of funds take place. It is characterized by low-risk, highly liquid financial instruments
that have a maturity period of one year or less. The participants in the money market include
banks, financial institutions, corporations, governments, and individual investors.
Money market instruments include treasury bills, certificates of deposit (CDs), commercial
paper, repurchase agreements (repos), and short-term government bonds. These instruments
are typically considered safer investments compared to other financial products because they
have a low risk of default.
The primary purposes of the money market are to provide short-term liquidity to borrowers
and to enable investors to earn a modest return on their excess funds. Here are some key
features of the money market:
A. Liquidity: Money market instruments are highly liquid, meaning they can be easily
bought or sold without significant price impact. This makes them attractive to investors
who require quick access to their funds.
B. Safety: Money market instruments are generally considered to be low-risk investments
because they are backed by reputable issuers with strong creditworthiness. For example,
treasury bills are backed by the government, making them virtually risk-free.

10. Page | 2
C. Short-term maturity: Money market instruments have short-term maturities, typically
ranging from a few days to one year. This allows investors to quickly access their
principal and potentially reinvest it at higher rates if interest rates rise.
D. Low returns: Due to their low risk, money market investments offer lower returns
compared to riskier assets such as stocks or long-term bonds. They are primarily used
for capital preservation and as a temporary parking place for funds.
The money market is regulated by central banks and other financial regulatory authorities to
ensure the stability and integrity of the financial system. It plays a crucial role in facilitating
short-term borrowing and lending, managing liquidity in the economy, and serving as a
benchmark for interest rates in various financial markets. It was quite active and vibrant with
the participation of both banks and non-bank financial institutions during FY22. The major
participants in the money market were commercial banks, development finance institutions
(DFIs) and non-bank financial institutions operating in the country. Bangladesh Bank, as the
leader of the money market and armed with the instruments of monetary management,
effectively controlled and guided the institutions of the money market during FY22. With
limited diversified instruments, the organized money market in Bangladesh achieved
remarkable development in recent years. During FY22, efforts were continued with a view to
establishing a well-functioning and stable money market. Efficient monetary operation,
especially the use of shorter-term monetary instruments such as repo, reverse repo,
collateralized continuous liquidity support from Bangladesh Bank to the primary dealers and
Bangladesh Bank Bills helped to keep the money market sound and stable during the financial
year 2022. A number of steps were taken for activation of secondary trading in treasury
bills/bonds. As a result, the overall money market situation was moderate during FY22.
1.1.2 Capital Market in Bangladesh
The capital market in Bangladesh refers to the organized market where long-term financial
instruments are bought and sold. It consists of both primary and secondary markets for
securities such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. The capital market plays a crucial role in
mobilizing savings and channelling them towards productive investments, thereby promoting
economic growth.
Here are some key features of the capital market in Bangladesh:
A. Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE): These are the
two main stock exchanges in Bangladesh where shares of publicly listed companies are

11. Page | 3
traded. DSE is located in Dhaka, the capital city, while CSE is situated in Chittagong.
These exchanges provide a platform for investors to buy and sell stocks, thereby
facilitating capital formation.
B. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): The SEC is the regulatory authority
overseeing the capital market in Bangladesh. It regulates the issuance and trading of
securities, ensures transparency and fairness, and protects the interests of investors. The
SEC formulates rules and regulations to maintain a well-functioning and secure market
environment.
C. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs): The capital market allows companies to raise capital
through IPOs. When a company decides to go public, it offers its shares to the public
for the first time. Investors can subscribe to these shares during the IPO process,
enabling the company to raise funds for expansion and development.
D. Bond Market: In addition to stocks, the capital market in Bangladesh also includes a
bond market. Government bonds, corporate bonds, and debentures are traded in this
market. Bonds provide fixed income to investors, and they play a crucial role in
financing government projects and corporate activities.
E. Mutual Funds: The capital market also encompasses the mutual fund industry. Mutual
funds pool money from multiple investors and invest in a diversified portfolio of
securities. They offer an opportunity for small investors to participate in the capital
market with relatively lower risks and professional fund management.
F. Regulatory Framework: The capital market in Bangladesh operates under a regulatory
framework set by the SEC. The regulations include disclosure requirements, listing
criteria, corporate governance guidelines, and investor protection measures. The aim is
to ensure transparency, prevent fraudulent activities, and safeguard the interests of
investors.
The development and growth of the capital market in Bangladesh are crucial for attracting
domestic and foreign investments, supporting economic development, and providing
avenues for investors to deploy their savings. It serves as a vital source of long-term
financing for businesses and plays a significant role in the country's overall financial
system.
1.1.3 Taka Treasury Bond Market
The Taka Treasury Bond Market in Bangladesh refers to the market where government-issued
bonds denominated in Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) are bought and sold. These bonds, also known

12. Page | 4
as government securities, are issued by the Government of Bangladesh to raise funds for
financing various development projects and budgetary needs.
Here are some key aspects of the Taka Treasury Bond Market in Bangladesh:
A. Issuance and Maturity: The Bangladesh Bank, the country's central bank, acts as the
issuer and manager of government securities. Taka Treasury Bonds are issued in
different tenors, ranging from short-term to long-term maturities. The maturity periods
can vary from a few months to several years, allowing investors to choose bonds based
on their investment horizon.
B. Primary Market: The primary market is where newly issued Taka Treasury Bonds are
first offered for sale. The Bangladesh Bank conducts regular auctions to sell these bonds
to primary dealers, including scheduled banks and financial institutions. Investors can
participate in the primary market by submitting bids for the desired bonds.
C. Secondary Market: Once issued, Taka Treasury Bonds can be traded among investors
in the secondary market. The secondary market provides liquidity and enables investors
to buy and sell bonds before their maturity. The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and
Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) are the primary platforms for trading government
bonds in Bangladesh.
D. Coupon Payments and Yield: Taka Treasury Bonds typically pay periodic coupon
payments to bondholders. The coupon rate, set at the time of issuance, determines the
interest payments that bondholders receive. The yield on these bonds depends on
prevailing market conditions and can fluctuate based on factors such as interest rate
changes and investor demand.
E. Risks and Creditworthiness: Taka Treasury Bonds are generally considered low-risk
investments due to the creditworthiness of the Government of Bangladesh. The
government's ability to repay its debt obligations is backed by its revenue sources,
including taxes and other sources of income. However, investors should still be aware
of market risks and fluctuations in interest rates that can affect bond prices.
F. Retail Investors and Non-Competitive Bidding: To encourage wider participation, the
Bangladesh Bank allows retail investors to purchase Taka Treasury Bonds through non-
competitive bidding. This mechanism enables retail investors to invest in government
securities at a predetermined yield without having to compete with institutional
investors in the auction process.

13. Page | 5
G. Regulatory Framework: The issuance and trading of Taka Treasury Bonds are regulated
by the Bangladesh Bank and the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission
(BSEC). These regulatory bodies establish rules and guidelines to ensure transparency,
market integrity, and investor protection in the bond market.
Investors interested in participating in the Taka Treasury Bond Market should consult with
financial institutions or brokers in Bangladesh to understand the available bond offerings,
auction dates, and investment procedures. It is advisable to assess one's investment
objectives, risk tolerance, and seek professional advice before investing in government
bonds or any financial instrument.
1.1.4 Foreign Exchange Market
The foreign exchange market in Bangladesh plays a crucial role in facilitating international
trade, remittances, and capital flows. Here are some key aspects of the foreign exchange market
in Bangladesh. It had virtually no foreign exchange market up to 1993.
In the foreign exchange market in Bangladesh, the primary securities involved are currencies.
These currencies are traded against each other in currency pairs. The most commonly traded
currency pairs in Bangladesh include:
A. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/US Dollar (USD)
B. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/Euro (EUR)
C. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/British Pound (GBP)
D. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/Japanese Yen (JPY)
E. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/Canadian Dollar (CAD)
F. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/Australian Dollar (AUD)
G. Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)/Swiss Franc (CHF)
These currency pairs represent the buying and selling of one currency against another, where
the value of one currency is expressed in terms of the other. Investors and traders in the foreign
exchange market speculate on the direction of currency prices and seek to profit from
fluctuations in exchange rates.
It is important to note that in the foreign exchange market, trading is primarily done through
over-the-counter (OTC) transactions between participants, such as commercial banks, financial
institutions, and authorized dealers. The securities being traded are not physical certificates but
rather electronic representations of currency pairs.

14. Page | 6
The foreign exchange market in Bangladesh operates under the regulatory framework set by
the Bangladesh Bank, and individuals or entities engaging in foreign exchange transactions
should follow the guidelines and regulations provided by the central bank.
It's worth mentioning that other derivative products, such as currency futures or options, may
be available in the foreign exchange market in Bangladesh. However, the availability and
specific details of such products may vary, and individuals interested in trading these
derivatives should consult authorized dealers or financial institutions for more information
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The financial market in Bangladesh has witnessed significant growth in recent years. However,
there are still several challenges that hinder its development, including weak regulatory
frameworks, inadequate market infrastructure, and low investor confidence. This research aims
to analyse the current status of the financial market securities in Bangladesh, identify the major
challenges, and explore the prospects for future development. Specifically, the study will
examine the impact of regulatory reforms, market infrastructure development, and investor
education on the growth of the financial market. The findings of this research can help
policymakers and market participants in Bangladesh to develop effective strategies for
promoting the growth and stability of the financial market.
1.3 Scope of the Report
This study is focused on the recent trend of financial market securities in Bangladesh. The
study will explain the regulatory aspects of financial market securities in Bangladesh. It will
also help to understand the prevailing challenges in financial market securities and the
initiatives to overcome those challenges.
1.4 Objective of the Study
The general objective of preparing this term paper is to fulfil the requirement of Course:
Financial Institutions and Markets as well as the completion of the MBA Program through
obtaining practical and theoretical knowledge of the sector. The objective of this term paper is
classified into two parts. They are:
1.4.1 Primary Objective:
The broad project objective is to analyze financial market securities in Bangladesh by obtaining
practical and theoretical knowledge of the sector.

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1.4.2 Specific objectives:
a. To gain knowledge about theoretical and analytical aspects of financial market
securities.
b. To know about the whole concept of financial market securities.
c. To show the instant situation of the financial market securities in Bangladesh.
d. To find out the current pros and cons of the financial market securities.
e. To recognize effective recommendations for the betterment of the financial market
securities.
f. To show my expectations from the sector that can contribute to the overall economic
development of our country.
1.5 Research Questions
A. What is the current status, major challenges, and prospects of financial market securities
in Bangladesh?
B. How can regulatory reforms, market infrastructure development, and investor
education contribute to their growth and stability?
1.6 Research Gap
Many studies have been conducted based on the financial market of Bangladesh. However,
there are data gaps in these studies because there are limitations in secondary data sources. On
the other hand, that research had been conducted more than two years ago. So, we bridge the
information gap and provide updated information on top of the research.
1.7 Research Methodology
The methodological section of the study is designed as data collection. To make the report
more meaningful and presentable, here the study used only secondary data. The secondary
source of data was the research paper, thesis, Investopedia, and various articles about financial
Market securities in Bangladesh: current status, challenges and perspective.
1.7.1 Research Design
A mixture of both qualitative and quantitative data will be used in this research. There is no
scope for primary data to be collected as those are confidential and the data which is not that
confidential and publishable can be found on the secondary data source like the internet. To
collect secondary data, documents, articles, and a range of publications will be reviewed.

16. Page | 8
1.7.2 Source and collection of data
The source of the data will be secondary as primary data is mostly confidential. The Secondary
data will be collected from the internet. The various sources of collecting secondary data will
be any other research paper, thesis, document, articles, Investopedia, other publications from
scholars and a range of publications.
2.0 Review of Literature
According to Baele et. al (2004), the definition of an integrated financial market is a market for
a defined set of financial instruments if all the potential market participants, with the same
relevant characteristics, (1) face a single set of rules when they decide to deal with those
financial instruments and/or services; (2) have equal access to the above-mentioned set of
financial instruments and/or services; and (3) are treated equally when they are active in the
market. This definition of financial integration contains three important features: First, it is
independent of all the financial structures within the region. These financial structures cover
issues like defining the scope of all financial intermediaries and importantly the dynamics and
interplay between these financial intermediaries with regard to the flow of funds from
households, corporate entities and the government. Second, friction in the process of
intermediation i.e. access to capital either through institutions or markets can persist after
financial integration is completed. This implies that the essential objective behind financial
integration is not removing these frictions, which hampers the optimal allocation of capital, but
rather is concerned with the symmetric and asymmetric effects of such frictions on different
areas. Thus, even in the presence of such frictions, several areas may be considered integrated
as long as these frictions come to affect symmetrically (Baele et al., 2004).
Third, according to the definition advocated by Baele et al. (2004), the constituents of the
financial market can be cleaved in two parts - being the supply of and the demand for
investment opportunities. Accordingly, full integration entails the same access to banks or
trading, clearing and settlement platforms for both investors (demand for investment
opportunities) and firms (supply of investment opportunities, e.g. listings), regardless of their
region of origin.
Furthermore, once access has been granted, full integration requires that no discrimination
should exist among comparable market participants based solely on their location of origin
(Baele et al., 2004).

17. Page | 9
According to the same authors, there are three benefits to be derived from financial integration:
more opportunities for risk sharing and diversification; more and efficient allocation of capital
among investment opportunities; and potential for higher growth. Accordingly, these three
benefits are interrelated, as it has been shown earlier in literature that sharing risk across regions
enhances specialization in production (Baele et al. 2004; Kalemli-Ozcan et al. 2001). Similarly
financial integration should lead to an increase in fund flows for investment opportunities in
specific regions as should be the case when financial integration helps facilitate the access to
investment opportunities in those regions (Baele et al., 2004).
3.0 Theoretical and Empirical Literature
3.1 Current situation of Bangladesh Financial Market Securities
3.2 Money Market
The banking sector is the main role in the money market of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Bank
(BB) holds complete authority over and oversight of this sector's expansion. The country's
money market is still separated into two categories: formal and informal, despite a significant
increase of the banking sector and non-bank financial firms. Currently, there are 55 scheduled
banks performing in Bangladesh, including 7 Islamic banks, 30 domestic private commercial
banks, 5 government-owned specialized banks, 9 globally commercial banks and 4 state-owned
commercial banks (SCBs). And also 29 non-bank financial institutions, and a number of non-
scheduled banks. Moneylenders and small cooperative organizations made up the majority of
informal institutions, which are not regulated by the central bank. The inter-bank market, call
money market, the market for repo and reverse repo, and bill market are the four distinct
elements of Bangladesh's controlled money market.
3.2.1 Interbank Rate
Interbank Rate in Bangladesh averaged 7.16 percent from 1997 until 2023, reaching an all-time
high of 33.54 percent in December 2010 and a record low of 0.74 percent in August 2009. Here
we provide – Bangladesh’s Average One Month Interbank Rate - actual values last few
months.

18. Page | 10
Bangladesh Average One Month Interbank Rate
Interbank Rate 6.03 6.15 percent Mar 2023
Money Supply 4372984.00 4431523.00 BDT Million Feb 2023
The Interbank Rate in Bangladesh decreased to 6.03 percent in March from 6.15 percent in
February of 2023.
3.2.2 Call Money Markets
The most sensitive area of the money market is the call money market, where a significant
number of players from the banking as well as non-bank financial sector consistently actively
participate. Under the Banking Companies Act, commercial banks were required to pay for
these bills as acceptable security in order to meet their statutory liquidity requirements (SLR).
Additionally, these tools helped the government borrow money from banks to make up its
budgetary gap by acquiring excess cash from the banking sector. According to BB data, the
call money rate began to rise rapidly on March 21, 2022, when it was 2.05 percent. It happened
because the government’s increased borrowing from the banking system, BB’s dollar sales to
banks to settle import bills and a rise in treasury bill rates were creating stress on the liquidity
and another reason is inflation in Bangladesh.

19. Page | 11
Recently the Call money rate hit 7% for the first time in over 6 years because the rate is
increasing due to rising liquidity demand in the market. Rates tend to be slightly upward if
there is inflationary pressure, which is what is happening here.
3.2.3 Market for Repo and Reverse Repo
The Bangladesh Bank controls interest rates in Bangladesh. The repo rate (repurchase rate),
which the Bangladesh Bank employs to introduce money into the banking system, and the
reverse repo rate are the two interest rates that it controls.
Currently, the REPO rate is 6%. But the previous year this rate was 5.5%. Bangladesh Bank
increased this rate because by lowering the interest rate at which banks borrow short-term funds
by 25 basis points, the country is able to lower inflation and relieve pressure on the exchange
rate. Bangladesh is experiencing rising inflation as a result of the global market's rising inflation
rate.
Data on the central bank reverse repo rate indicated a 2022 value of 7.800% pa. With respect
to 2021, this is an increase above the prior figure of 3.483% pa. Bangladesh BD: From
December 2005 to 2022, the Central Bank's Reverse Repo Rate averaged 5.250% each year
and changed yearly.

20. Page | 12
3.2.4 Bill Markets
Last few months data was reported at 8.140 % pa in Mar 2023. This records a decrease from
the previous number of 8.180 % pay for Feb 2023.
Here we have given below the Bill market rate in Bangladesh
3.3 Capital Market
3.3.1 Bangladesh DSE
Number of Listed Securities: Annual data was reported at 625.000 Unit in 2022. This records
an increase from the previous number of 609.000 units for 2021. Bangladesh DSE: Number of
Listed Securities: Annual data is updated yearly, averaging 446.500 units from June 1997 to
2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 625.000 Unit in 2022 and a
record low of 214.000 Unit in 1997. Bangladesh DSE: Number of Listed Securities: Annual
data remains in active status in CEIC and is reported by Dhaka Stock Exchange. The data is

21. Page | 13
categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table BD.Z006: Dhaka Stock Exchange:
Number of Listed Companies and Shares.
3.3.2 BD SEC
Exports: % of Commercial Service Exports: Services: Computer, Communication & Other
Services data was reported at 64.638 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous
number of 67.396 % for 2020. BD: Exports: % of Commercial Service Exports: Services:
Computer, Communication & Other Services data is updated yearly, averaging 67.227 % from
Dec 1976 to 2021, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 83.564 % in 1991
and a record low of 37.021 % in 1998. BD: Exports: % of Commercial Service Exports:
Services: Computer, Communication & Other Services data remains in active status in CEIC
and is reported by the World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s
Bangladesh – Table BD.World Bank.WDI: Exports. Computer, communications and other
services (% of commercial service exports) include such activities as international
telecommunications, and postal and courier services; computer data; news-related service
transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license
fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; and personal, cultural, and
recreational services. International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook
and data files.

22. Page | 14
3.3.3 Bond Market
Bangladesh Government Treasury Bond Rate: 5 Years data was reported at 8.140 % pa in Mar
2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.180 % pa for Feb 2023.
Bangladesh Government Treasury Bond Rate: 5 Years data is updated monthly, averaging
8.210 % pa from Dec 2003 to Mar 2023, with 196 observations. The data reached an all-time
high of 11.820 % pa in Mar 2013 and a record low of 3.810 % pa in Jul 2021. Bangladesh
Government Treasury Bond Rate: 5 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported
by Bangladesh Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table
BD.M004: Government Treasury Bills.
Bangladesh Government Treasury Bond Rate: 10 Years data was reported at 8.370 % pa in
Mar 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.300 % pa for Feb 2023.
Bangladesh Government Treasury Bond Rate: 10 Years data is updated monthly, averaging
9.360 % pa from Dec 2003 to Mar 2023, with 195 observations. The data reached an all-time
high of 12.500 % pa in Mar 2007 and a record low of 5.250 % pa in July 2021. Bangladesh
Government Treasury Bond Rate: 10 Years data remains in active status in CEIC and is
reported by Bangladesh Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh –
Table BD.M004: Government Treasury Bills.

23. Page | 15
3.4.0 Foreign Exchange Market
To promote international trade and financial operations, the foreign exchange market allows
for the exchange of currencies. The country's exchange rate system and market development
in Bangladesh are strongly related.
The-interbank foreign exchange market of Bangladesh is still at its rudimentary stage. The
market is an oligopolistic one and is dominated by a few relatively large banks, which have
remained only as dealers instead of developing themselves into buyers or sellers. The most
widely used practice is spot transaction; this covers 95% of the total transactions.
The interbank market is an important segment of the foreign exchange market. It is a wholesale
market through which most currency transactions are channeled. It is mainly used for trading
among bankers. The three main constituents of the interbank market are:
➢ the spot market
➢ the forward market
➢ SWIFT
The exchange rates below are the highest and lowest inter-bank exchange rates of various
foreign currencies against BDT at Dhaka.
3.4.1 Interbank USD/BDT exchange rate as on May 07, 2023:
Currency Day´s lowest Day´s highest
USD 107.3000 108.0000
3.4.2 Cross rates as on Apr 05, 2023:
Currency Low Rate High Rate
EUR 117.0761 117.7743
GBP 133.5420 134.4013
AUD 71.8139 72.3509
JPY 0.8100 0.8172
SGD 81.0025 81.0636
Source: Bangladesh Bank

24. Page | 16
3.4.3 Exchange Rate Movements (Taka per US$)
View Bangladesh's Exchange Rate against USD from Apr 2022 to Mar 2023 in the chart:
3.4.4 Foreign exchange reserve in Bangladesh
Foreign Exchange Reserves also known as Official Reserves and International Reserves are
the foreign assets held or controlled by the central banks. The reserves themselves can either
be gold or a specific currency like the dollar or the euro. They can also be special drawing
rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills,
government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans. The reserves are
generally used to finance the balance of payments imbalances or to control exchange rates.
Foreign Exchange Reserves in Bangladesh decreased to 31142.70 USD Million in March from
32333.71 USD Million in February of 2023. source: Bangladesh Bank.

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4.0 Limitations of the study
As we analyzing existing data and information that has already been collected by others, has
several limitations. Here are a few of the most significant limitations:
a. Lack of control: Wenot have control over the quality of the data or the methods used
to collect it. This can lead to inconsistencies, inaccuracies, or biases in the data.
b. Limited scope: Secondary research is based on data that has already been collected for
a specific purpose, which may not be aligned with our needs. As a result, we may not
be able to obtain all the information needed to answer their research question.
c. Reliability and validity issues: The research data may suffer from reliability and
validity issues, such as outdated or incomplete data, biased or unreliable sources, or
inaccurate data.
d. Lack of depth: Secondary research typically provides a broad overview of a topic, but
it may not provide the in-depth understanding that is necessary to answer complex
research questions.
e. Ethical concerns: There may be ethical concerns associated with using data that was
collected without the participants' informed consent or using data in a way that was not
originally intended.
5.0 Report Preview
The financial market in Bangladesh has experienced significant growth in recent years, and
this report aims to analyze its current status, challenges, and prospects for future growth.
Through a comprehensive review of secondary sources, including published reports, academic
studies, and industry publications, the report identifies the key drivers of growth in the
Bangladeshi financial market.
The report discusses the current state of the financial market in Bangladesh, including the
growth in trading volumes, the increase in the number of investors, and the impact of
government policies on the market. It also examines the challenges that the financial market in
Bangladesh faces, such as limited product diversity, low levels of financial literacy among the
general public, and the lack of regulatory oversight.
Furthermore, the report outlines the prospects for future growth in the Bangladeshi financial
market. These prospects include the potential for increased foreign investment, the
development of new financial products, and the expansion of digital platforms.

26. Page | 18
Overall, this report provides valuable insights into the current status, challenges, and prospects
for future growth in the financial market in Bangladesh. The findings of this report can be
useful to policymakers, regulators, and market participants who are interested in ensuring the
sustainability and development of the financial market in Bangladesh.
6.0 Findings
The analysis of financial market securities in Bangladesh reveals several key findings, as
follows:
a. The Bangladeshi financial market has experienced significant growth in recent years,
driven by a stable macroeconomic environment and supportive government policies. The
market has seen an increase in the number of investors and trading volumes.
b. The market is dominated by the banking sector, which accounts for a significant portion of
the total market capitalization. The non-banking financial sector is relatively small but has
seen significant growth in recent years.
c. Despite the growth in the financial market, there are several challenges that could limit its
potential for future growth. These include a lack of regulatory oversight, limited product
diversity, and low levels of financial literacy among the general public.
d. The lack of regulatory oversight is a significant challenge for the financial market in
Bangladesh. Although the regulatory framework has been strengthened in recent years, it
remains fragmented and lacks enforcement.
e. Limited product diversity is another challenge for the financial market in Bangladesh.
There are relatively few financial products available to investors, which limits their ability
to diversify their portfolios and manage risk.
f. Low levels of financial literacy among the general public is a challenge for the market as
well. Many potential investors lack the knowledge and skills to make informed investment
decisions, which limits their participation in the market.
g. The prospects for future growth in the Bangladeshi financial market are significant,
including the potential for increased foreign investment, the development of new financial
products, and the expansion of digital platforms.
h. The development of a robust regulatory framework, increased product diversity, and
improved financial literacy among the general public are essential for the sustainable
growth of the financial market in Bangladesh.

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Overall, these findings suggest that while the financial market in Bangladesh has made
significant progress in recent years, there is still significant room for improvement. Addressing
the challenges identified in this report will be critical to realizing the full potential of the
Bangladeshi financial market.
7.0 Challenges
The analysis of financial market securities in Bangladesh has identified several challenges that
could limit the growth of the market. These challenges include:
a. Lack of Regulatory Oversight: Despite recent efforts to strengthen the regulatory
framework, the financial market in Bangladesh still lacks effective oversight. The
regulatory framework remains fragmented and enforcement is weak, leading to
concerns about the reliability and transparency of the market.
b. Limited Product Diversity: The financial market in Bangladesh is dominated by the
banking sector, which limits the availability of financial products to investors. The lack
of diversity in the products available can limit investors' ability to manage risk and
diversify their portfolios.
c. Low Levels of Financial Literacy: Many potential investors in Bangladesh lack the
knowledge and skills necessary to make informed investment decisions. The lack of
financial literacy among the general public limits their participation in the market and
can make them vulnerable to fraudulent schemes and other risks.
d. Lack of Transparency: There is a lack of transparency in the financial market in
Bangladesh, particularly in the non-banking financial sector. This can create
uncertainty and limit investor confidence in the market.
e. Limited Access to Finance: Limited access to finance is a challenge for many investors
in Bangladesh, particularly for those outside of the major cities. This can limit the
growth of the financial market by reducing the pool of potential investors.
Overall, these challenges pose significant obstacles to the growth and development of the
financial market in Bangladesh. Addressing these challenges will require a collaborative effort
from policymakers, regulators, and market participants to strengthen the regulatory framework,
increase product diversity, improve financial literacy, enhance transparency, and expand access
to finance.

28. Page | 20
8.0 Recommendations
Based on the analysis of financial market securities in Bangladesh, the following
recommendations are proposed to address the challenges identified and promote the growth
and development of the financial market:
a. Strengthen Regulatory Oversight: The regulatory framework for the financial market
in Bangladesh should be further strengthened to enhance transparency, accountability,
and enforcement. Regulatory agencies should work collaboratively to ensure a
consistent and effective regulatory framework.
b. Increase Product Diversity: The financial market in Bangladesh should develop a
more diverse range of financial products to better meet the needs of investors. This can
include products such as mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and derivatives.
c. Improve Financial Literacy: Efforts should be made to improve financial literacy
among the general public in Bangladesh. This can include education and awareness
campaigns, training programs, and the development of user-friendly financial products.
d. Enhance Transparency: The financial market in Bangladesh should prioritize the
promotion of transparency to increase investor confidence. This can include the
disclosure of relevant information by listed companies and increased transparency in
the non-banking financial sector.
e. Expand Access to Finance: Efforts should be made to expand access to finance in
Bangladesh, particularly in rural areas. This can include the development of innovative
financial products and services, such as mobile banking and microfinance.
f. Encourage Foreign Investment: The government of Bangladesh should continue to
encourage foreign investment in the financial market. This can be achieved through
policies that promote investment and the development of a favorable business
environment.
Overall, these recommendations are aimed at promoting the growth and development of the
financial market in Bangladesh, while also ensuring its sustainability and stability.
Implementing these recommendations will require a concerted effort from policymakers,
regulators, and market participants to work together towards a common goal.

29. Page | 21
8.0 Conclusion:
The analysis of financial market securities in Bangladesh has shown that while the market has
made significant progress in recent years, there are still several challenges that must be
addressed in order to realize its full potential. These challenges include the lack of effective
regulatory oversight, limited product diversity, low levels of financial literacy, lack of
transparency, and limited access to finance.
Despite these challenges, there are also several opportunities for growth and development in
the financial market in Bangladesh. These include the growing middle class, increasing demand
for financial products and services, and the potential for increased foreign investment.
To capitalize on these opportunities and address the challenges identified, policymakers,
regulators, and market participants must work together to promote transparency, enhance
regulatory oversight, increase product diversity, improve financial literacy, and expand access
to finance.
Overall, the financial market in Bangladesh has the potential to play a critical role in driving
economic growth and development in the country. By addressing the challenges identified and
implementing the recommendations proposed, the financial market can become a more vibrant,
transparent, and sustainable source of investment and capital for the country's businesses and
individuals

30. Page | 22
9.0 References
Bangladesh exchange rate against USD (no date) Bangladesh Exchange Rate against USD,
1970 – 2023 | CEIC Data. Available at:
https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bangladesh/exchange-rate-against-usd
(Accessed: 09 May 2023).
Bangladesh Bank. Available at: https://www.bb.org.bd/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).
Bangladesh Bank raises repo rate to 5.75% to dampen inflation (2022) Textile News, Apparel
News, RMG News, Fashion Trends. Available at:
https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/bangladesh-bank-raises-repo-rate-5-75-dampen-
inflation/ (Accessed: 09 May 2023).
Bangladesh foreign exchange ReservesApril 2023 data - 2008-2022 historical (no date)
Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Reserves - April 2023 Data - 2008-2022 Historical.
Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/foreign-exchange-reserves
(Accessed: 09 May 2023).
Markets, I.E. (no date) CEIC data - global database, CEIC Data - Global Database.
Available at: https://info.ceicdata.com/en/en-products-global-
database?utm_campaign=World%2BTrend%2BPlus%2BDatabase%2BEN&utm_sourc
e=adwords&utm_term=&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_ad=625864391650&hsa_grp=14164
1602483&hsa_kw=&hsa_ver=3&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_acc=4758588298&hsa_src=g
&hsa_cam=6491714143&hsa_mt=&hsa_tgt=dsa-1809354790771&gclid=Cj0KCQjwu-
KiBhCsARIsAPztUF2zMC2vgAmcfk0BjW5W3Ada6h9i4YGXWM6oWAG6ND323L
7QFjZ0p6saAvAdEALw_wcB (Accessed: 09 May 2023).