money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in
the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital
market is used for the long-term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one
year. Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers
and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. Trading in the money market
is done mostly through over the counter (OTC) i.e. no or little use of exchanges. They provide
businesses with short-term credit and play a major role in providing liquidity in the economy over
the short term. On the contrary, the capital market is a type of financial market where financial
products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the
purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. Capital Market is categorized
into two section, first being the primary market where the securities are issued and offered to the
public for the first time and second is the Secondary Market where the previously issued securities
are traded amongst different types of investors.
DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE OVERVIEW:
Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is a public limited company. It is formed and managed under Company
Act 1994, Security and Exchange Commission Act 1993, Security and Exchange Commission Regulation
1994, and Security Exchange (Inside Trading) regulation 1994.
The management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members board of
directors. Among them 12 are elected from DSE members, another 12 are selected from different trade
bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex officio member of the board. The following
organizations are currently holding positions in DSE Board:
Bangladesh Bank
ICB – Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
President of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh
President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries
President of Metropolitan Chambers of Commerce and Industries
Professor of Finance Department of Dhaka University
President of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
Currently, there are total 22 industrial sectors in DSE which accommodate 578 listed companies.
DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE OVERVIEW:
Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) is a public limited company. It is formed and managed under Company
Act 1994, Security and Exchange Commission Act 1993, Security and Exchange Commission Regulation
1994, and Security Exchange (Inside Trading) regulation 1994.
The management and operation of Dhaka Stock Exchange is entrusted on a 25 members board of
directors. Among them 12 are elected from DSE members, another 12 are selected from different trade
bodies and relevant organizations. The CEO is the 25th ex officio member of the board. The following
organizations are currently holding positions in DSE Board:
Bangladesh Bank
ICB – Investment Corporation of Bangladesh
President of Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh
President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries
President of Metropolitan Chambers of Commerce and Industries
Professor of Finance Department of Dhaka University
President of Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry.
Currently, there are total 22 industrial sectors in DSE which accommodate 578 listed companies.
This presentation is a outlook of the performance of Islami bank Bangladesh Limited. The presentation includes evaluation of fundamental criteria that a bank needs to analyze to check its performance.
This project decribes about the islamic financing techniques that are used by Bank Islami Pakistan. general islamic financing techniques include morabaha, musharaka, ijara and various techniques provided by this bank. i hope you will like this presentation.
Overview of Financial System in Bangladesh
Introduction: A financial system is a system that to channels funds from lenders to borrowers, to create liquidity and money, to provide a payments mechanism, to provide financial services such as insurance and pensions and to offers portfolio adjustment facilities. A developed financial system is one that has a secure and efficient payment system, security market and financial intermediaries that arrange financing and derivative markets and financial institutions that provide access to risk management instruments. The present structure of the financial system in Bangladesh comprises of various types of banks, insurance companies, and non-bank financial institutions. Bangladesh Bank is at the top of the banking system and is accountable for assuring prudential administration and central banking activities for all types of banks operating within the banking industry. On the other hand, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Bangladesh is the regulatory body for stock-market related activities.
The financial system of Bangladesh is comprised of three broad fragmented sectors: 1) Formal Sector, 2) Semi-Formal Sector, 3 ) Informal Sector.
The sectors have been categorized in accordance with their degree of regulation. The formal sector includes all regulated institutions like Banks, Non-Bank Financial Institutions (FIs), Insurance Companies, Capital Market Intermediaries like Brokerage Houses, Merchant Banks etc.; Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The semi formal sector includes those institutions which are regulated otherwise but do not fall under the legal system/ legislation of Central Bank, Insurance Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission or any other enacted financial regulator. This sector is mainly represented by Specialized Financial Institutions like House Building Finance Corporation (HBFC), Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Samabay Bank, Grameen Bank etc., Non Governmental Organizations. The informal sector includes private intermediaries which are completely unregulated.
The financial market in Bangladesh is mainly of following types:
Money Market:
The primary money market is comprised of banks, FIs and primary dealers as intermediaries and savings & lending instruments, treasury bills as instruments. There are currently 15 primary dealers (12 banks and 3 FIs) in Bangladesh. The only active secondary market is overnight call money market which is participated by the scheduled banks and FIs. The money market in Bangladesh is regulated by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the Central Bank of Bangladesh.
Capital market:
The primary segment of capital market is operated through private and public offering of equity and bond instruments. The secondary segment of capital market is institutionalized by two (02) stock exchanges-Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. The instruments in these exchanges are equity securities (shares), debentures, corporate bonds and
A comparative study on islamic banking in bangladeshMd. Shahinuzzaman
A banking system that is based on the principles of Islamic law (also known Shariah) and guided by Islamic economics. Two basic principles behind Islamic banking are the sharing of profit and loss and, significantly, the prohibition of the collection and payment of interest. Collecting interest is not permitted under Islamic law. Where the conventional banking follows conventional interest-based principle.
Punjab National Bank Ratio Analysis and company AnalysisPraveen Reddy
Company review session on Punjab National Bank for Ratio Analysis on the company.This will be helpful to analyse the financials of the company and gibes benefits as learning in ratio analysis
This presentation is a outlook of the performance of Islami bank Bangladesh Limited. The presentation includes evaluation of fundamental criteria that a bank needs to analyze to check its performance.
This project decribes about the islamic financing techniques that are used by Bank Islami Pakistan. general islamic financing techniques include morabaha, musharaka, ijara and various techniques provided by this bank. i hope you will like this presentation.
Overview of Financial System in Bangladesh
Introduction: A financial system is a system that to channels funds from lenders to borrowers, to create liquidity and money, to provide a payments mechanism, to provide financial services such as insurance and pensions and to offers portfolio adjustment facilities. A developed financial system is one that has a secure and efficient payment system, security market and financial intermediaries that arrange financing and derivative markets and financial institutions that provide access to risk management instruments. The present structure of the financial system in Bangladesh comprises of various types of banks, insurance companies, and non-bank financial institutions. Bangladesh Bank is at the top of the banking system and is accountable for assuring prudential administration and central banking activities for all types of banks operating within the banking industry. On the other hand, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Bangladesh is the regulatory body for stock-market related activities.
The financial system of Bangladesh is comprised of three broad fragmented sectors: 1) Formal Sector, 2) Semi-Formal Sector, 3 ) Informal Sector.
The sectors have been categorized in accordance with their degree of regulation. The formal sector includes all regulated institutions like Banks, Non-Bank Financial Institutions (FIs), Insurance Companies, Capital Market Intermediaries like Brokerage Houses, Merchant Banks etc.; Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The semi formal sector includes those institutions which are regulated otherwise but do not fall under the legal system/ legislation of Central Bank, Insurance Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission or any other enacted financial regulator. This sector is mainly represented by Specialized Financial Institutions like House Building Finance Corporation (HBFC), Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Samabay Bank, Grameen Bank etc., Non Governmental Organizations. The informal sector includes private intermediaries which are completely unregulated.
The financial market in Bangladesh is mainly of following types:
Money Market:
The primary money market is comprised of banks, FIs and primary dealers as intermediaries and savings & lending instruments, treasury bills as instruments. There are currently 15 primary dealers (12 banks and 3 FIs) in Bangladesh. The only active secondary market is overnight call money market which is participated by the scheduled banks and FIs. The money market in Bangladesh is regulated by Bangladesh Bank (BB), the Central Bank of Bangladesh.
Capital market:
The primary segment of capital market is operated through private and public offering of equity and bond instruments. The secondary segment of capital market is institutionalized by two (02) stock exchanges-Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. The instruments in these exchanges are equity securities (shares), debentures, corporate bonds and
A comparative study on islamic banking in bangladeshMd. Shahinuzzaman
A banking system that is based on the principles of Islamic law (also known Shariah) and guided by Islamic economics. Two basic principles behind Islamic banking are the sharing of profit and loss and, significantly, the prohibition of the collection and payment of interest. Collecting interest is not permitted under Islamic law. Where the conventional banking follows conventional interest-based principle.
Punjab National Bank Ratio Analysis and company AnalysisPraveen Reddy
Company review session on Punjab National Bank for Ratio Analysis on the company.This will be helpful to analyse the financials of the company and gibes benefits as learning in ratio analysis
Analysis of Financial Market Securities in Bangladesh: Current Status, Chal...Jahid Khan Rahat
This report presents an analysis of the financial market securities in Bangladesh, focusing on
the current status, challenges, and prospects for future growth. The study was conducted
through a comprehensive review of secondary sources, including published reports, academic
studies, and industry publications.
The report highlights that the Bangladeshi financial market has experienced significant growth
in recent years, driven by a stable macroeconomic environment and supportive government policies. The market has seen an influx of new investors and increased participation from
institutional investors, leading to increased liquidity and trading volumes. However, the report also identifies several challenges that could potentially limit the growth of the financial market. These include a lack of regulatory oversight, limited product diversity, and low levels of financial literacy among the general public. Despite these challenges, the report also identifies several prospects for future growth in the financial market, including the potential for increased foreign investment, the development of new financial products, and the expansion of digital platforms.
Overall, the report concludes that the Bangladeshi financial market is well-positioned for future
growth but requires careful attention to address the challenges it faces. Policymakers,
regulators, and market participants all have a role to play in ensuring the sustainability and
development of the financial market in Bangladesh.
Different
components of the financial system and
their functions
Financial markets - primary and
secondary markets; OTC and exchange
markets; and equity and debt markets.
Global warming is one of the major factor of climate change for long term basis rise high in
temperature in the climate system. Though the both terms are often used interchangeably, global
warming is caused by humans, whereas climate change refers to both global warming and its
effect (e.g. rainfall). It is also known as greenhouse effect due to act like glass in a greenhouse in
cold countries. For over 5 decades, the global temperature has been increasing at an alarming rate.
Again it is referred by scientists that if this continues, the rate will reach at 10 degree Fahrenheit.
This phenomenon causes increase in average air temperatures.
Social media are the interactive, collective computer arbitrated online communications for sharing information, ideas, expression, personal interest via network
Performance evaluation of life insurance companies of BangladeshFara Ul Fath Shawron
Insurance is deemed as an unsought product which consumers actively do not show interest in
buying. Either they are forced to buy the product (in case of vehicles
insurance) or they are to be educated about the importance and advantages of buying it.
Bangladesh, being a third world country, has a very low rate of insurance due to being unaware
about the importance of it. Bangladesh is the most under insured country in the non-life insurance
category, standing to lose as much as 0.8 percent of GDP from natural disasters a year, said Lloyd's
of London, one of the leading insurance market places in the world. To shed a bit
more light into it, Bangladesh had the largest insurance gap among the 43 countries covered in
the report standing at 5.5 Billion USD or in other words, only 2.1% of the total GDP. Per head
insurance premium is only $8 which just states that it is safe to say that maximum people in
Bangladesh don’t possess any kind of insurance. So, the operation of insurance companies in
Bangladesh is a bit critical and tougher because they also have to make people aware about
insurance.
The Devil Wears Prada (2006)
At the center of The Devil Wears Prada lies a classic example of misuse of power with an unlikely positive outcome for the central character on the receiving end – although most aren’t as lucky. The film starts with aspiring journalist Andrea “Andy” Sachs (Anne Hathaway) interviewing for and accepting the job of junior personal assistant to powerful and much feared Miranda Priestly (Meryl Streep), editor-in-chief of glossy fashion magazine Runway, despite her lack of knowledge and enthusiasm for the industry. Andy immediately (and unsurprisingly) clashes with company culture and sticks out like a sore thumb among her fashion-forward colleagues – particularly with Miranda’s senior assistant, Emily (Emily Blunt) – leaving you questioning why her interviewer thought she would be a suitable fit for the company.
But much more concerning than this glaring cultural fit oversight is the toxic work environment created by Miranda, who treats her staff with contempt, tossing her coat on Andy’s desk each morning without acknowledgement; Miranda is fully aware of the power she possesses within the company and the industry at large, and ensures her staff know it too. On Andy’s first day, Emily mentions that the last two girls to hold the junior assistant position were sacked after only a few weeks – an early indicator of the unreasonably high expectations for new hires and an apparent absence of on boarding or performance management. Later on in the film we see Miranda set Andy up for a task that she believes she can only fail, and knowingly create a situation that fosters animosity between Andy and Emily – her behavior is filled with sociopaths characteristics and her conduct towards Andy borders on harassment.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Overview of Capital Market in Bangladesh
1. Assignment On
Overview of Capital Market in
Bangladesh
Submitted To: Prof. Zahidul Islam
Course Instructor: Investment & Portfolio Management
Course Code: [FIN 403]
Submitted By: Fara Ul Fath Shawron
ID: 2215 Batch: 26th
Date of Submission: 26 February 2020
2. Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3
Number of Industries ...................................................................................................................... 4
Different Money Market Instruments Traded in Bangladesh......................................................... 6
Characteristics of Money Market of Bangladesh............................................................................ 8
Over the Counter Market ................................................................................................................ 8
Demutualization of Market............................................................................................................. 8
Regulations Implied by the SEC..................................................................................................... 9
Current banking Rates (CRR, SLR)................................................................................................ 9
Main Functions of the Securities and Exchange Commission...................................................... 10
Central Depository of Bangladesh Limited (CDBL).................................................................... 12
3. Introduction
money market and the capital market are the two different types of the financial markets where in
the money market is used for the purpose of short term borrowing and lending whereas the capital
market is used for the long-term assets i.e., the assets which have the maturity of more than one
year. Money markets are unorganized markets where banks, financial institutions, money dealers
and brokers trade in financial instruments for a short period of time. Trading in the money market
is done mostly through over the counter (OTC) i.e. no or little use of exchanges. They provide
businesses with short-term credit and play a major role in providing liquidity in the economy over
the short term. On the contrary, the capital market is a type of financial market where financial
products like stocks, bonds, debentures are traded for a long duration of time. They serve the
purpose of long-term financing and long-term capital requirement. Capital Market is categorized
into two section, first being the primary market where the securities are issued and offered to the
public for the first time and second is the Secondary Market where the previously issued securities
are traded amongst different types of investors.
4. Number of Industries
There are total 589 listed companies of Bangladesh that are operating in different sectors. The
Securities Exchange commission of Bangladesh has categorized these companies into 22 sectors.
These industries are illustrated in the following:
1. Banking Sector: 30 firms
2. Cement Sector: 7 firms
3. Ceramic Sector: 5 firms
4. Corporate Bond Sector: 2 firms
5. Debenture Sector: 8 firms
6. Engineering Sector: 39 firms
7. Financial Institutions: 23 firms
8. Food & Allied Sector: 17 firms
9. Fuel & Power Sector: 19 firms
10. Insurance Sector: 47 firms
11. IT Sector: 10 firms
12. Jute Sector: 3 firms
13. Miscellaneous Sector: 13 firms
14. Mutual Funds Sector: 37 firms
15. Paper & Printing Sector: 3 firms
16. Pharmaceutical & Chemicals: 32 firms
17. Services & Real Estate: 4 firms
18. Tannery Industries Sector: 6 firms
19. Telecommunication Sector: 2 firms
20. Textile Sector: 56 firms
21. Travel & Leisure Sector: 5 firms
22. Treasury Bond: 221 firms
5. These are the following companies that are categorized under these Broad industries:
6. Different Money Market Instruments Traded in Bangladesh
Money Market an integral part of the financial market of a country. It provides a medium for the
redistribution of short-term loanable funds among financial institutions, which perform this
function by selling deposits of various types, certificate of deposits and discounting of bills,
Treasury bills etc. The participants in the money market are: the central bank, commercial banks,
the government, finance companies, contractual saving institutions like the pension funds,
insurance companies, savings and loan associations etc. The instruments that are generally traded
in the money market constitute: treasury bills, short-term central bank and government bonds,
negotiable certificates of deposits, bankers’ acceptances and commercial papers like the bills of
exchange and promissory notes, mutual funds etc.
Treasury Bills: Bangladesh Bank issues Treasury bills with maturity of three, six, twelve and two
years. A set amount is paid at maturity and the tax revenues and other sources of government funds
are utilized to make payment to owners of these Money market instruments.
7. Commercial Paper: Commercial papers are short term obligation that are unsecured promissory
notes. These Commercial papers are issued by firms to pay short term cash for financing working
capital necessity.
Certificates of Deposit or CD: Usually this money market instrument is offered by banks to raise
fund for a short time period. The return is higher than Treasury bills as this promissory note issued
by bank entitles the bearer to obtain interest.
Bankers Acceptances: Bankers acceptance is a short-term credit investment requested by non-
banking institution that is backed by a banking institution to make payment. It is quite similar to
Letter of Credit, but it is not tradeable and also the term for this instrument is 90 days.
8. Characteristics of Money Market of Bangladesh
The money market of Bangladesh reached its present phase through a series of changes and
evolution. Initially, after liberation, money market was the major constituent part of the financial
market of the country. Capital market, its other segment was a relatively smaller part. All financial
institutions of the country were nationalized after liberation. The growth and evolution of money
market in the country took place during the period from 1971 to the early eighties under various
sets of interventionist rules and regulations of the government and as such it could hardly reflect
the actual market conditions. However, in this period a vast financial superstructure with large
network of commercial bank branches was established in the country. Simultaneously, specialized
financial institutions under government sector also emerged with the objective of mobilizing
financial resources and channeling them for short, medium and long-term credit and investments.
The market participants had to operate in an environment of directed lending and loan
disbursement goals, and predetermined rates of interest fixed by the authority. However, rate of
interest in the call market was flexible but due to prevalence of liberal refinance facility at
concessional rates from Bangladesh Bank, the activities of call money market remained
insignificant.
Over the Counter Market
Over-the-Counter (OTC) means the facilities provided by an exchange for the purpose of buying
or selling of unlisted or delisted securities from the stock exchanges. The OTC Market provides
an alternative to stock exchange listing for securities of issuers that either choose not to be listed
on Dhaka Stock Exchange or not to meet the relevant listing requirements. OTC Securities is
termed for any security that is not listed on stock exchange.
Demutualization of Market
Recently Government and BSEC decided to demutualization of Dhaka Stock Exchanges. DSE is
the first and biggest stock exchange of the country. Demutualization is the modern, popular and
current trend among stock exchanges all over the world. Bangladesh has started its journey to get
their exchanges demutualized in 2011. Previous record of Demutualization of other stock exchange
(Like: London Stock Exchange), the performance of demutualized exchanges has improved in
9. terms of operational profitability and efficiencies along with governance scale. But there are some
challenges and risks associated with demutualization. There are many reasons of the
demutualization of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). The main reason of the demutualization of
Dhaka Stock Exchanges (DSE) is Stock market crash in 1996 and finally in 2010-11.
Demutualization means turning a non-profit organization into a profit-oriented organization and
separating controlling functions from controller’s functions, empowering controller and taking
decisions without being motivated by the market players. Different stake holders of capital market
and civil society also support and demand for demutualization of exchanges.
Regulations Implied by the SEC
Stock Exchange commission of Bangladesh have implied some strict regulations to control the
stock market and behavior of the firms. To exercise powers confined within the Securities and
Exchange ordinance act 1969 SECB has states regulations that are mandatory for the listed
companies board and administration. This regulation mainly includes how the nomenclature of the
gazette will be defined, the general requirement to constitute Board of Directors for a particular
listed firm, How the listed firms should structure their Board, Quorum of the Board Meeting,
Proper criteria for fitting Directors, The extent of power of the Board of Directors, Strategic
planning for the exchange, Code of Conduct for Board Directors, Code of Ethics, Management of
the exchange, general principles for BOD, Audit and Risk management, Appeal, conflict
mitigation, TREC holding affairs etc.
Current banking Rates (CRR, SLR)
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the share of a bank’s total deposit that is mandated by the Bangladesh
Bank to be maintained with the latter in the form of liquid cash whereas SLR (Statutory Liquidity
Ratio) is the ratio of compulsory ratio of the deposit that bank has to maintain in form of cash,
gold, other securities prescribe by Bangladesh Bank. CRR and SLR are the basic tools in the
economy which manage inflation and the flow of money in the country. Bangladesh bank controls
bank capacity of lending through CRR and SLR. In the Fiscal year FY19 the state-owned banks
have suffered losses due to less liquidity stress and wide access to public sector deposits.
Bangladesh Bank hence address the issue of Taka liquidity which includes lowering CRR from
6.50 to 5.50 percent of total time and demand liabilities. According to Bangladesh Bank’s Fiscal
10. Regulations the Statutory Liquidity Ration for scheduled banks were reported to be 13 percent in
December 2019.
Main Functions of the Securities and Exchange Commission
• Regulating the business of the Stock Exchanges or any other securities market.
• Registering and regulating the business of stock-brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer
agents, merchant bankers and managers of issues, trustee of trust deeds, registrar of an
issue, underwriters, portfolio managers, investment advisers and other intermediaries in
the securities market
• Registering, monitoring and regulating of collective investment scheme including all
forms of mutual funds.
• Monitoring and regulating all authorized self-regulatory organizations in the securities
market.
• Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities trading in any
securities market.
• Promoting investors’ education and providing training for intermediaries of the securities
market.
• Prohibiting insider trading in securities.
• Regulating the substantial acquisition of shares and take-over of companies.
• Undertaking investigation and inspection, inquiries and audit of any issuer or dealer of
securities, the Stock Exchanges and intermediaries and any self-regulatory organization
in the securities market.
• Conducting research and publishing information.
Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission is regulated under the Act of “Bangladesh
Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993”
The major Regulations that BSEC implemented are elaborated in the following:
11. Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB)
The policies of the Investment Corporation of Bangladesh are:
• To act on commercial consideration with due regard to the interest of industry, commerce,
depositors, investors and to the public in general.
• To provide financial assistance to projects subject to their economic and commercial
viability.
• To arrange equity support and loans for projects singly or through consortium of financial
institutions including banks.
• To encourage and develop entrepreneurship in the country.
• To diversify investments.
• To inspire small and medium savers for investment in securities.
• To create employment opportunities.
• To encourage and broaden the base of Investment in agro and information &
communication technology (ICT) sectors.
The regulations Followed by the ICB are:
12. Central Depository of Bangladesh Limited (CDBL)
What is a depository?
A depository is like a bank for shares instead of money. Instead of holding shares in the form of
certificates, investors have accounts in the depository and are able to move securities and settle
stock exchange transactions by an electronic update of their accounts.
Virtually all established markets have depositories including India, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri-
Lanka and Thailand, UK and USA.
The core service of a depository is the efficient delivery, settlement and transfer of securities
through a computerized book entry system.
Central Depository of Bangladesh
Central Depository Bangladesh Limited (CDBL) was incorporated as a public limited company on
20th August 2000 to operate and maintain the Central Depository System (CDS) of Electronic
Book Entry, recording and maintaining securities accounts and registering transfer of securities;
changing the ownership without an physical movement or endorsement of certificates and
execution of transfer instruments, as well as various other investor services including facilitation
of the secondary market trading of Treasury Bills and Government Bonds issued by the
Bangladesh Bank.