Understanding Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) Lab Test & management with focus on Parenteral Iron therapy . Dr. Sharda Jain , Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its evaluation and management with a focus on parenteral iron therapy. It begins by providing background on iron deficiency anemia in India and objectives of increasing hemoglobin levels. It then covers definitions of anemia, important lab tests for evaluation including hemoglobin, iron, ferritin and retic count. Treatment plans include oral iron therapy as first line but also discuss reasons for failure and role of parenteral iron. It provides details on ferric carboxymaltose injection including properties, dosage, administration and safety profile. It concludes by noting the role of parenteral iron pre and post-operatively to reduce anemia and blood utilization.
Iron deficiency anemia develops when iron stores are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It can be caused by inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing microcytic, hypochromic anemia and low serum iron and ferritin levels. Treatment primarily involves oral iron supplementation, while parenteral iron or blood transfusions are reserved for more severe cases. The underlying cause also needs to be addressed to prevent recurrence.
The document discusses newer aspects of iron supplementation. It summarizes that iron amino acid chelate, or ferrous bis glycinate, has advantages over other forms of iron supplementation, including being non-buffered in the stomach, non-precipitated in the intestine, not antagonized by phytates, and having superior and dependable bioavailability due to its unique chelate design, which potentially allows for smaller doses with fewer side effects. The document examines what is known, unknown, and needs to be known about different forms of iron supplementation and their absorption parameters.
Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy- evidence based approachWafaa Benjamin
Iron deficiency is the most common deficiency state in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people globally.
Iron Depletion affects 20-40% of Egyptian women in childbearing period.
Effective management is needed to prevent adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes, including the need for red cell transfusion.
There should be clear and simple recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Universal iron supplementation in pregnancy is more suitable for our local protocol.
Haemoglopinopathy screening program for pregnant women is awaited.
intravenous iron sucrose is a ray of hope for treating iron defeciency anemia which is still a major problem in india. It circumvents the problem of compliance and its large safety encourages its routine use in antenatal care and is highly suitable for treating postpartum anemia...
This document provides information on Dr. Kiran Pandey, including her qualifications, positions held, awards received, areas of special interest and number of publications. It then discusses anaemia globally and in India, presenting data on prevalence. It defines anaemia during pregnancy according to various organizations and classifications of severity. Peripheral blood smear findings and investigations for different types of anaemia are outlined. The document discusses iron deficiency anaemia in detail including causes, management and oral versus parenteral iron therapy.
The document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, stages, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Iron deficiency anemia is defined as a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below the reference value.
- Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. Specific symptoms like glossitis or koilonychia may also occur.
- Causes include chronic bleeding, decreased iron intake, and increased iron requirements during growth or pregnancy.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring iron levels, iron binding capacity, ferritin, and a bone marrow smear.
- Treatment options include oral or parenteral iron supplementation to restore iron stores over 6-9
Iron Deficiency Anemia occurs when iron levels are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It has various causes like bleeding, low dietary iron intake, or loss of iron in the urine. Symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Investigations show low hemoglobin, ferritin and iron levels with microcytic red blood cells. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation depending on severity. Complications can include impaired development in children or increased risk of falls in the elderly. Prevention focuses on consuming iron-rich foods and supplements. Differential diagnoses include thalassemia and anemia of chronic disease.
Iron deficiency anemia develops when iron stores are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It can be caused by inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron. Diagnosis involves a complete blood count showing microcytic, hypochromic anemia and low serum iron and ferritin levels. Treatment primarily involves oral iron supplementation, while parenteral iron or blood transfusions are reserved for more severe cases. The underlying cause also needs to be addressed to prevent recurrence.
The document discusses newer aspects of iron supplementation. It summarizes that iron amino acid chelate, or ferrous bis glycinate, has advantages over other forms of iron supplementation, including being non-buffered in the stomach, non-precipitated in the intestine, not antagonized by phytates, and having superior and dependable bioavailability due to its unique chelate design, which potentially allows for smaller doses with fewer side effects. The document examines what is known, unknown, and needs to be known about different forms of iron supplementation and their absorption parameters.
Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy- evidence based approachWafaa Benjamin
Iron deficiency is the most common deficiency state in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people globally.
Iron Depletion affects 20-40% of Egyptian women in childbearing period.
Effective management is needed to prevent adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes, including the need for red cell transfusion.
There should be clear and simple recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Universal iron supplementation in pregnancy is more suitable for our local protocol.
Haemoglopinopathy screening program for pregnant women is awaited.
intravenous iron sucrose is a ray of hope for treating iron defeciency anemia which is still a major problem in india. It circumvents the problem of compliance and its large safety encourages its routine use in antenatal care and is highly suitable for treating postpartum anemia...
This document provides information on Dr. Kiran Pandey, including her qualifications, positions held, awards received, areas of special interest and number of publications. It then discusses anaemia globally and in India, presenting data on prevalence. It defines anaemia during pregnancy according to various organizations and classifications of severity. Peripheral blood smear findings and investigations for different types of anaemia are outlined. The document discusses iron deficiency anaemia in detail including causes, management and oral versus parenteral iron therapy.
The document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its definition, symptoms, causes, stages, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Iron deficiency anemia is defined as a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below the reference value.
- Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. Specific symptoms like glossitis or koilonychia may also occur.
- Causes include chronic bleeding, decreased iron intake, and increased iron requirements during growth or pregnancy.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring iron levels, iron binding capacity, ferritin, and a bone marrow smear.
- Treatment options include oral or parenteral iron supplementation to restore iron stores over 6-9
Iron Deficiency Anemia occurs when iron levels are too low to support normal red blood cell production. It has various causes like bleeding, low dietary iron intake, or loss of iron in the urine. Symptoms include fatigue and pale skin. Investigations show low hemoglobin, ferritin and iron levels with microcytic red blood cells. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation depending on severity. Complications can include impaired development in children or increased risk of falls in the elderly. Prevention focuses on consuming iron-rich foods and supplements. Differential diagnoses include thalassemia and anemia of chronic disease.
- Iron is an essential trace element that is mainly present in blood, liver, bone marrow and muscles. It is required for hemoglobin, myoglobin and other protein synthesis.
- Iron deficiency anemia results from inadequate iron intake, absorption or increased losses and can be diagnosed based on low serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation along with microcytic hypochromic anemia.
- Treatment involves oral iron supplementation long-term or intravenous iron for severe cases. Blood transfusions are needed for acute blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent globally, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide. It is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption relative to the body's needs. Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and behavioral changes in children. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation, though some severe cases require intravenous iron. Prevention strategies center around dietary modification and supplementation programs.
Nefrofer injection is an iron replacement product containing 20 mg of elemental iron per ml. It is indicated for treating iron deficiency anemia, anemia in chronic kidney disease patients, pregnant women with iron deficiency, and patients who cannot tolerate oral iron therapy. The document provides information on iron and anemia, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence in Bangladesh, dosage calculation for Nefrofer, and market analysis of iron sucrose products in Bangladesh.
This document discusses anemia in pregnancy and the role of Heme Iron Polypeptide (HIP) in preventing and treating anemia. It defines anemia in pregnancy and describes the prevalence, causes, and consequences of anemia globally and in pregnancy. It discusses the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, including oral and parenteral iron therapy options. It then describes HIP as an oral tablet containing heme iron polypeptide, which has advantages over traditional iron supplements like better absorption and gastrointestinal tolerability. Studies on HIP show rises in hemoglobin levels and efficacy in improving anemia.
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for hemoglobin production, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and severe anemia. The disease has a worldwide prevalence and is managed through regular blood transfusions to correct anemia, iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload from transfusions, and potentially curative bone marrow transplantation if a matched donor is available. Nursing care focuses on managing anemia, iron overload, nutritional status, and the psychological impacts of lifelong treatment.
treating anemia is a big challenge.oral iron therapy do not adequately treat IDA. IV ferric carboxy maltose (FCM)effectively treats IDA by circumventing the problem compliance of oral iron therapy.
An 18-year-old female presented with symptoms of iron deficiency anemia including weakness, lethargy, and excessive bleeding during menstruation. On examination, she had pale skin and nail beds, swollen tongue, and tachycardia. Blood tests confirmed low hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron levels. She was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia based on her symptoms, physical exam findings, and blood test results. Treatment involved oral iron supplementation or parenteral iron therapy depending on severity. The goal of treatment was to raise hemoglobin levels and replenish iron stores.
This document provides an overview of iron deficiency anemia, including its definition, pathophysiology, detection, and management. It begins by defining anemia and describing the various causes, including blood loss, inadequate red blood cell production, and excessive red blood cell destruction. Common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of iron deficiency anemia through a case study, focusing on identifying risk factors, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and treating with iron supplementation.
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body. Common symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, tinnitus, and headaches. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low iron levels and microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Treatment depends on the severity, and involves oral or intravenous iron supplements to replenish iron stores over 6-12 months. Parenteral iron is used for severe cases or those unable to tolerate oral iron.
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its causes, stages, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide. The stages of iron deficiency progress from depletion of iron stores to latent deficiency to anemia when hemoglobin levels fall below normal. Causes include inadequate dietary iron intake, impaired absorption, and increased losses. Treatment involves dietary sources of iron as well as oral or parenteral iron supplements.
This document provides information about an individual, Dr. Laxmi Shrikhande, including her professional experience and accomplishments. It lists her current position as Medical Director of Shrikhande Fertility Clinic in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It also outlines several awards and honors she has received for her work in women's health and roles she has held in various medical organizations. The document then provides an introduction to her upcoming presentation on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy.
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the nutritional deficiency anemia, and the most common microcytic hypochromic anemia. it is also one of the common anemia in Pakistan. Pregnant and lactating are most commonly affected.
Ms. T is a 38-year-old woman who presents with a 6-month history of heavy menstrual bleeding and fatigue. Her lab results show low hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, MCV and MCH levels consistent with iron deficiency anemia. Her risk factors include female gender, past pregnancies, long-term NSAID use, and intermenstrual bleeding. She is started on iron supplements to replenish her iron stores, treat her anemia, and resolve her symptoms.
We all want it
ANAEMIA MULTA BHARAT
Introduction
Global burden
National scenario
Causes and consequences of anaemia
Mile-stones
Strategies of Anaemia Mukt Bharat
Institutional mechanisms including NCEAR-A
Conclusion-new changes and recommendation
This study examined the effects of maternal iron deficiency anemia on birth outcomes using a retrospective study design. Data was collected through questionnaires from 69 pregnant women. The results found no significant relationships between taking iron supplements during pregnancy and baby weight, type of delivery, or gestational age. There were also no correlations found between maternal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy and these birth outcomes. The study concludes that supplementation of anemic or non-anemic pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia does not appear to increase birth weight or duration of gestation.
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder globally, affecting 30% of the population. It is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption, blood loss, or increased physiological demands. Common symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function. Laboratory findings show microcytic hypochromic anemia, low serum ferritin and iron, and elevated TIBC. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation, while ensuring compliance and watching for malabsorption or ongoing blood loss. Prevention through breastfeeding, iron-fortified formula, and supplements can reduce iron deficiency in at-risk groups like infants and women.
This document discusses non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT), including HbE/β thalassemia. It classifies HbE/β thalassemia into severe, moderate, and mild based on hemoglobin levels and clinical symptoms. It also discusses transfusion therapy for NTDT, indicating when regular transfusions should start based on hemoglobin drop, organ enlargement, and other factors. The document further discusses chelation therapy for managing iron overload in NTDT, covering various chelating agents like deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox.
Ferrous ascorbate current clinical place in management of idaNARENDRA C MALHOTRA
Ferrous ascorbate is an effective oral iron supplement for treating iron deficiency anemia. It has a higher bioavailability than other iron preparations, with absorption rates as high as 67%. Ferrous ascorbate is stable in the gastrointestinal tract and does not dissociate. It prevents iron from oxidizing to the ferric state, allowing for greater absorption. Clinical studies show ferrous ascorbate effectively raises hemoglobin levels and is well tolerated with minimal side effects. Therefore, ferrous ascorbate plays an important role in managing iron deficiency anemia.
This document provides an overview of practical approaches to anemia. It discusses various causes of anemia including decreased or increased destruction of red blood cells. It classifies anemias based on mean corpuscular volume and provides case examples to demonstrate diagnostic approaches. Key learning points emphasize the importance of a rational diagnostic workup for anemia and identifying cases that need specialist attention. The document also cautions that transfusion is not always the only treatment for anemia.
This document discusses iron absorption and iron deficiency anemia. It states that iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, and is regulated by both dietary intake and iron stores. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, especially impacting women and children. The key signs of iron deficiency anemia are a decreased hemoglobin level and red blood cell size.
This document summarizes a seminar on iron deficiency anemia in children presented by Mr. Abhijit P. Bhoyar. The seminar covers the objectives, anatomy and physiology of blood cells, classification and causes of anemia, clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia, diagnostic evaluation, management including oral and parenteral iron therapy, prevention, dietary sources of iron, nursing management, and precautions for taking iron supplements. The key topics discussed are the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, which is one of the most common forms of anemia seen in young children worldwide.
- Iron is an essential trace element that is mainly present in blood, liver, bone marrow and muscles. It is required for hemoglobin, myoglobin and other protein synthesis.
- Iron deficiency anemia results from inadequate iron intake, absorption or increased losses and can be diagnosed based on low serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation along with microcytic hypochromic anemia.
- Treatment involves oral iron supplementation long-term or intravenous iron for severe cases. Blood transfusions are needed for acute blood loss.
Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent globally, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide. It is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption relative to the body's needs. Symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and behavioral changes in children. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation, though some severe cases require intravenous iron. Prevention strategies center around dietary modification and supplementation programs.
Nefrofer injection is an iron replacement product containing 20 mg of elemental iron per ml. It is indicated for treating iron deficiency anemia, anemia in chronic kidney disease patients, pregnant women with iron deficiency, and patients who cannot tolerate oral iron therapy. The document provides information on iron and anemia, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence in Bangladesh, dosage calculation for Nefrofer, and market analysis of iron sucrose products in Bangladesh.
This document discusses anemia in pregnancy and the role of Heme Iron Polypeptide (HIP) in preventing and treating anemia. It defines anemia in pregnancy and describes the prevalence, causes, and consequences of anemia globally and in pregnancy. It discusses the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, including oral and parenteral iron therapy options. It then describes HIP as an oral tablet containing heme iron polypeptide, which has advantages over traditional iron supplements like better absorption and gastrointestinal tolerability. Studies on HIP show rises in hemoglobin levels and efficacy in improving anemia.
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for hemoglobin production, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and severe anemia. The disease has a worldwide prevalence and is managed through regular blood transfusions to correct anemia, iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload from transfusions, and potentially curative bone marrow transplantation if a matched donor is available. Nursing care focuses on managing anemia, iron overload, nutritional status, and the psychological impacts of lifelong treatment.
treating anemia is a big challenge.oral iron therapy do not adequately treat IDA. IV ferric carboxy maltose (FCM)effectively treats IDA by circumventing the problem compliance of oral iron therapy.
An 18-year-old female presented with symptoms of iron deficiency anemia including weakness, lethargy, and excessive bleeding during menstruation. On examination, she had pale skin and nail beds, swollen tongue, and tachycardia. Blood tests confirmed low hemoglobin, hematocrit, and iron levels. She was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia based on her symptoms, physical exam findings, and blood test results. Treatment involved oral iron supplementation or parenteral iron therapy depending on severity. The goal of treatment was to raise hemoglobin levels and replenish iron stores.
This document provides an overview of iron deficiency anemia, including its definition, pathophysiology, detection, and management. It begins by defining anemia and describing the various causes, including blood loss, inadequate red blood cell production, and excessive red blood cell destruction. Common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of iron deficiency anemia through a case study, focusing on identifying risk factors, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, and treating with iron supplementation.
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body. Common symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, tinnitus, and headaches. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low iron levels and microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Treatment depends on the severity, and involves oral or intravenous iron supplements to replenish iron stores over 6-12 months. Parenteral iron is used for severe cases or those unable to tolerate oral iron.
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its causes, stages, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide. The stages of iron deficiency progress from depletion of iron stores to latent deficiency to anemia when hemoglobin levels fall below normal. Causes include inadequate dietary iron intake, impaired absorption, and increased losses. Treatment involves dietary sources of iron as well as oral or parenteral iron supplements.
This document provides information about an individual, Dr. Laxmi Shrikhande, including her professional experience and accomplishments. It lists her current position as Medical Director of Shrikhande Fertility Clinic in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It also outlines several awards and honors she has received for her work in women's health and roles she has held in various medical organizations. The document then provides an introduction to her upcoming presentation on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy.
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the nutritional deficiency anemia, and the most common microcytic hypochromic anemia. it is also one of the common anemia in Pakistan. Pregnant and lactating are most commonly affected.
Ms. T is a 38-year-old woman who presents with a 6-month history of heavy menstrual bleeding and fatigue. Her lab results show low hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, MCV and MCH levels consistent with iron deficiency anemia. Her risk factors include female gender, past pregnancies, long-term NSAID use, and intermenstrual bleeding. She is started on iron supplements to replenish her iron stores, treat her anemia, and resolve her symptoms.
We all want it
ANAEMIA MULTA BHARAT
Introduction
Global burden
National scenario
Causes and consequences of anaemia
Mile-stones
Strategies of Anaemia Mukt Bharat
Institutional mechanisms including NCEAR-A
Conclusion-new changes and recommendation
This study examined the effects of maternal iron deficiency anemia on birth outcomes using a retrospective study design. Data was collected through questionnaires from 69 pregnant women. The results found no significant relationships between taking iron supplements during pregnancy and baby weight, type of delivery, or gestational age. There were also no correlations found between maternal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy and these birth outcomes. The study concludes that supplementation of anemic or non-anemic pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia does not appear to increase birth weight or duration of gestation.
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder globally, affecting 30% of the population. It is caused by inadequate iron intake or absorption, blood loss, or increased physiological demands. Common symptoms include pallor, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function. Laboratory findings show microcytic hypochromic anemia, low serum ferritin and iron, and elevated TIBC. Treatment involves oral iron supplementation, while ensuring compliance and watching for malabsorption or ongoing blood loss. Prevention through breastfeeding, iron-fortified formula, and supplements can reduce iron deficiency in at-risk groups like infants and women.
This document discusses non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT), including HbE/β thalassemia. It classifies HbE/β thalassemia into severe, moderate, and mild based on hemoglobin levels and clinical symptoms. It also discusses transfusion therapy for NTDT, indicating when regular transfusions should start based on hemoglobin drop, organ enlargement, and other factors. The document further discusses chelation therapy for managing iron overload in NTDT, covering various chelating agents like deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox.
Ferrous ascorbate current clinical place in management of idaNARENDRA C MALHOTRA
Ferrous ascorbate is an effective oral iron supplement for treating iron deficiency anemia. It has a higher bioavailability than other iron preparations, with absorption rates as high as 67%. Ferrous ascorbate is stable in the gastrointestinal tract and does not dissociate. It prevents iron from oxidizing to the ferric state, allowing for greater absorption. Clinical studies show ferrous ascorbate effectively raises hemoglobin levels and is well tolerated with minimal side effects. Therefore, ferrous ascorbate plays an important role in managing iron deficiency anemia.
This document provides an overview of practical approaches to anemia. It discusses various causes of anemia including decreased or increased destruction of red blood cells. It classifies anemias based on mean corpuscular volume and provides case examples to demonstrate diagnostic approaches. Key learning points emphasize the importance of a rational diagnostic workup for anemia and identifying cases that need specialist attention. The document also cautions that transfusion is not always the only treatment for anemia.
This document discusses iron absorption and iron deficiency anemia. It states that iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and jejunum, and is regulated by both dietary intake and iron stores. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide, especially impacting women and children. The key signs of iron deficiency anemia are a decreased hemoglobin level and red blood cell size.
Similar to Understanding Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) Lab Test & management with focus on Parenteral Iron therapy . Dr. Sharda Jain , Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar
This document summarizes a seminar on iron deficiency anemia in children presented by Mr. Abhijit P. Bhoyar. The seminar covers the objectives, anatomy and physiology of blood cells, classification and causes of anemia, clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia, diagnostic evaluation, management including oral and parenteral iron therapy, prevention, dietary sources of iron, nursing management, and precautions for taking iron supplements. The key topics discussed are the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of iron deficiency anemia, which is one of the most common forms of anemia seen in young children worldwide.
Anemia is a major public health problem in India, especially among women and children. It can be caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, blood loss, or diseases. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and pale skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and other indicators. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but often involves dietary changes and iron supplementation. Prevention strategies focus on improving nutrition, treating parasites, and supplementing at-risk groups like pregnant women.
This document discusses anemia in pregnancy, which is the most common type of anemia seen. It defines anemia as a low red blood cell count that cannot carry enough oxygen to tissues. Guidelines recommend checking hemoglobin levels at booking and 28 weeks to screen for anemia. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase to meet the needs of the expanded blood volume and developing fetus. Iron deficiency anemia, caused by inadequate dietary intake, absorption issues, or losses, is the most common type seen in pregnancy. Treatment involves iron supplementation, and blood transfusions may be needed in severe cases.
This document provides information about anemia. It begins with an introduction stating that anemia is a major problem in India, affecting many women and contributing to maternal deaths. The objectives of the document are then outlined, including defining anemia, classifying types, and discussing causes, symptoms, investigations, treatment and prevention. The main types of anemia covered include iron deficiency, megaloblastic, pernicious, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, lab investigations, and management approaches including dietary recommendations and pharmacological treatments are described. The goals of treatment are to normalize hemoglobin and iron levels.
This document provides information about anemia. It begins with an introduction stating that anemia is a major problem in India, affecting many women and contributing to maternal deaths. The objectives of the document are then outlined, including defining anemia, classifying types, and discussing causes, symptoms, investigations, treatment and prevention. The main types of anemia covered include iron deficiency, megaloblastic, pernicious, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, lab investigations, and management approaches including dietary recommendations and pharmacological treatments are all described in detail.
This document provides information about anemia. It begins with an introduction stating that anemia is a major problem in India, affecting many women and contributing to maternal deaths. The objectives of the document are then outlined, including defining anemia, classifying types, and discussing causes, symptoms, investigations, treatment and prevention. Several types of anemia are described such as iron deficiency, megaloblastic, and sickle cell anemia. Risk factors, signs and symptoms, normal values, and investigations like hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are explained. The document concludes with sections on management, treatment recommendations including iron supplementation, and benefits of therapy like improved cognition and survival.
This document provides information on iron deficiency anemia (IDA), including its global burden, pathophysiology, causes, clinical features, investigations, and management. Some key points:
- IDA is the most common cause of anemia globally, with over 50% of anemias due to iron deficiency. It accounts for 8.4 lakh deaths annually, most in Africa and Asia.
- IDA occurs when iron stores are decreased and total body iron is reduced. It develops in stages from initial iron deficiency without anemia to latent IDA to overt IDA.
- Causes of IDA include blood loss, inadequate dietary iron intake, malabsorption, increased demands in pregnancy/growth. Daily iron requirements vary from
Anemia in pregnancy by oouth unit d medical students o&gTolulope Balogun
Anemia is a major health problem in pregnancy worldwide. It is associated with increased risks of maternal and infant mortality as well as adverse outcomes like premature delivery and low birth weight. The document discusses the definitions, prevalence, causes, effects, diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnancy. The most common type is iron deficiency anemia, which can be treated with oral or parental iron supplementation as well as folic acid depending on the severity of the anemia. Timely treatment is important to improve outcomes for both mother and baby.
This document discusses anaemia in pregnancy. It defines the different levels of severity for anaemia based on hemoglobin levels. Mild to severe complications are described for both the mother and fetus if anaemia is present. The different types of anaemia are classified based on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels. Guidelines are provided for investigating and managing the different types of anaemia, including iron deficiency anaemia, thalassemia, macrocytic anaemia, and normocytic normochromic anaemia. Treatment involves dietary changes, iron supplements, blood transfusions, or parenteral iron depending on the severity and type of anaemia.
This document discusses iron deficiency anemia, including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low iron levels and results in microcytic, hypochromic anemia. It presents with fatigue and pallor and is diagnosed based on low MCV, MCH, serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation. Treatment involves oral or parenteral iron supplementation, with oral iron being first-line. Common oral iron preparations include ferrous sulfate and considerations for administration. Parenteral options discussed are iron dextran, sodium ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose.
recent drugs in haematinics 2014 pharmacologyVishnu Priya
This document provides information on anemia, including definitions, classifications, causes, treatments, and adjunct therapies. It discusses the definition of anemia as a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin. Anemia is classified based on red blood cell morphology and underlying mechanisms. Common causes of anemia include blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell destruction. Treatments for anemia include oral and parenteral iron preparations as well as vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements. Adjuvant therapies that help with iron absorption like vitamin C are also discussed.
This document discusses anemia during pregnancy. It defines anemia as hemoglobin below 11gm/dl in the 1st and 3rd trimesters and below 10.5gm/dl in the 2nd trimester. It classifies anemia into physiological anemia due to hemodilution and pathological anemia. The most common type of pathological anemia is iron deficiency anemia due to increased demands, decreased intake, and deficient absorption. Other types include megaloblastic anemia due to folic acid or B12 deficiency, hemolytic anemias like sickle cell anemia, and nutritional deficiencies. Treatment involves iron, folic acid or B12 supplementation depending on the type of anemia.
This document discusses the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD and stages of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate. It then discusses the definition of anemia, prevalence of anemia in CKD patients, and the effects of anemia. The causes of anemia in CKD are listed, including erythropoietin deficiency and iron deficiency. Guidelines for hemoglobin targets and frequency of testing are provided. The document discusses iron therapy options including oral and intravenous preparations and guidelines for use. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy is also summarized including starting doses and monitoring.
This document discusses anemia in pregnancy. It defines the different types of anemia that can occur during pregnancy and their causes. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type, accounting for 85% of cases, usually due to insufficient iron intake and blood loss. Screening for anemia is recommended at the first prenatal visit and 24-28 weeks. Treatment involves oral or intravenous iron supplementation. Untreated anemia can harm both mother and baby.
Anemia in pregnancy.pptx by dr. ashok mosesAshok Moses
Anemia is a common medical disorder in pregnancy that increases risks for both mother and baby. The document defines anemia in pregnancy according to WHO standards and describes the main causes as decreased red blood cell production or increased destruction, with 90% of cases due to iron deficiency. Evaluation involves hematological indices and iron studies. Management focuses on iron supplementation orally or parenterally depending on severity, with blood transfusions for severe cases. Specific attention is given to nutritional deficiencies like iron, folate, vitamin B12 and hemoglobinopathies.
Similar to Understanding Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) Lab Test & management with focus on Parenteral Iron therapy . Dr. Sharda Jain , Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar (20)
The Newer Concepts In Endometriosis Management : Dr Sharda JainLifecare Centre
The Newer Concepts In
Endometriosis Management
ENDOMETRIOSIS IS ENIGMA
DIAGNOSTIC DELEMMA
DEBILITATING DISEASE QOL
PROGRESSIVE DISEASE
RECURRENCE IS BIG PROBLEM
NO FINAL VERDICT ON CAUSE
NO PERMANENT CURE
The exact prevalence of endometriosis is unknown, but estimates 10% in the general female population in India but up to 50% in infertile women
The Newer Concepts forReduced Surgery to preserve fertility in Endometrios...Lifecare Centre
The Newer Concepts forReduced Surgery to preserve fertility in Endometriosis
ENDOMETRIOSIS IS ENIGMA
DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA
DEBILITATING DISEASE QOL
PROGRESSIVE DISEASE
RECURRENCE IS BIG PROBLEM
NO FINAL VERDICT ON CAUSE
NO PERMANENT CURE
The exact prevalence of endometriosis is unknown, but estimates 10% in the general female population in India but up to 50% in infertile women
Anemia Free India Gynaecologist to focuss on *12gm Haemoglobin at Delivery I...Lifecare Centre
Important Highlights
Prophylactic Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in all six target age groups.
Intensified year-round Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) Campaign for:(a) improving compliance to IFA and deworming, (b) enhancing appropriate infant and young child feeding practices, (c) encouraging increase in intake of iron-rich food through diet and/or fortified foods (d) ensuring delayed cord clamping .
Testing and treatment of anaemia, using digital methods and point of care treatment, with special focus on pregnant women and school-going adolescents.
Addressing non-nutritional causes of anaemia
in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis
Liver Dialogue for Gynaecologists : Dr Sharda JainLifecare Centre
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OPEN DEBATE
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Understanding Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) Lab Test & management with focus on Parenteral Iron therapy . Dr. Sharda Jain , Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Jyoti Bhaskar
11. CHINA Role Model
• Once they brought one child norm, they
concentrated on saving this child and making
him/her healthy.
• Their incidence of anaemia in children, adolescent
has markedly decreased.
• They have increased the height of their
children by 4-6 inc.
If they can do it, why can’t we do it.
12. • There are 1 million GOOD TEACHERS and 20 million
highly placed WORKING WOMEN in India.
Each should work hard to make their class
Student’s and co workers :Anaemia Free”.
• Every parent should take pledge to make their
family “Anaemia Free”
There are 8 lacs Doctors & 8 lacs nurses
14. The Important Players
• Hemoglobin
–
Transports 02from lungs to tissues
–4 globin chains & iron
15. The important players
• IRON
–key element in the production of
hemoglobin
–absorption is poor
• TRANSFERRIN
–iron transporter
• FERRITIN
–iron binder, measure of iron stores,
16.
17. Definitions
• Anemia-values ofAnemia-values of HEMOGLOBIN,
HEMATOCRIT or RBC counts which are moreor RBC counts which are more
than 2 standard deviations below the meanthan 2 standard deviations below the mean
– HGB<13.5 g/dL (men)HGB<13.5 g/dL (men) <12 (women)<12 (women)
– HCT<41% (men)HCT<41% (men) <36 (women)<36 (women)
18. Infants 6-12 months & children 1-2 years < 11 gm%
Adolescent girls < 12 gm%
Pregnant women < 11 gm%
Lactating women < 12 gm%
Women in reproductive age group < 12 gm%
Adult men < 13 gm%
Moderate anaemia 7 - 10.0 gm%
Severe anaemia < 7 gm%
WHO GUIDELINES
HAEMOGLOBIN CUT OFF LEVELS
FOR DETERMINING ANAEMIA
19. ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATION OF ANEMIAALGORITHM FOR EVALUATION OF ANEMIA
ANEMIC PATIENT
Hyper-regenerative
Evaluate for hemolysis
and bleeding
Hypo-regenerative
Rule out treatable
nutritional deficiency (IDA , FA – B12)
endocrinopathy, etc
Low-EPO High-EPO
Trial of EPO Consider BMBxContinue EPO
Retic index
Epo level
Response No
response
21. Laboratory Evaluation
• Bleeding *Iron Deficiency
– Serial HCT or HGB - Iron Studies
• Hemolysis
– Serum LDH,
– indirect bilirubin,
– haptoglobin,
– coombs,
– coagulation studies
• Bone Marrow Examination
• Others-directed by clinical
indication
hemoglobin
electrophoresis
B12/folate levels
22. Information from CBC
Parameters
1. HB/PCV : Degree of anaemia. Correlates
with patient’s symptoms.
HB : PCV ----- 1 : 3
2. MCV, MCH, Peripheral Smear: allow
Morphological Classification of anemia,
guide workup and allow assessment of
response to therapy
23. Peripheral smear: Shape, size, degree of
pigmentation of cell types, presence of abnormal
cells and blood parasites aid diagnosis of type of
anemia
Reticulocyte count : An appropriate response
(after correction) shows appropriate erythropoietin
release, a marrow capable of producing red cell
precursors, and sufficient iron stores.
31. SPECIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
• SERUM FERRITIN
• HPLC --- if needed
UK Guidelines on the management of iron deficiency in pregnancy 2012
32. NOT ROUTINELY
RECOMMENDED
• SERUM IRON
• TIBC
• % TRANSFERRIN SATURATION
Only when serum Ferritin is normal but
clinical and morphological picture strongly
suggestive of Iron Deficiency Anaemia
33. SERUM FERRITIN
• Serum ferritin is the best single indicator of
storage iron.
Adults (ug/L)
– less than 12→ diagnostic of iron deficiency
– 15 - 50 → probable iron deficiency
– 50 - 100 → possible iron deficiency
– more than 100 → iron deficiency unlikely
– persistently more than 1000 → consider test for iron
overload
34. TESTS OF IRON STATUS
Practical aspectsPractical aspects
• Low serum ferritin almost always indicates iron
deficiency
• Low serum iron and high TIBC almost always
indicate iron deficiency
• Ferritin > 100 rarely found in iron deficiency
– Exception - liver inflammation/necrosis
• Normal serum iron rarely found in iron
deficiency
–Exception - iron deficiency recently treated
with oral iron
35. TESTS OF IRON STATUS
Practical aspectsPractical aspects
• When TIBC is low or normal, low serum iron not a
reliable indicator of iron deficiency!
• IRON DEFICIENCY may be HARD TO DIAGNOSE via
blood tests in setting of INFLAMMATION (eg, low iron,
low TIBC, intermediate ferritin level)
– Therapeutic trial of iron +/- EPO a reasonable alternative to
marrow biopsy
37. Remember 5 A’s
• Ask what is your Hb
• Ask when was it done last
• Ask what is the normal Hb
• Ask to get it done right away
• Advise : Diet
: Tablet
: Deworming
39. SOURCES OF IRON
Green leafy vegetables
Legumes, Nuts
Jaggery , Dried Fruits
Meat , Liver ,
Poultry , Fish
SOURCES OF FOLIC ACID
Green leafy vegetables
Legumes, Nuts
Milk , Fruits
Meat , Liver , Eggs
40. WHO (deworming)
•Drug of choice is Mebendazole 100mg BD for 3
days
OR Albendazole 400mg
•In pregnant women with anaemia after 12
weeks of pregnancy
41.
42. REASONS FOR FAILURE TO ORAL IRONREASONS FOR FAILURE TO ORAL IRON
THERAPYTHERAPY
43. Reasons for failure to oral iron therapyReasons for failure to oral iron therapy
44. 44
Ferric Carboxymaltose Injection
For the use of a Registered Medical Practitioner or a Hospital or a Laboratory only
Parenteral Iron Therapy &
medical@emcure.co.in
45. Parenteral Introduction of Iron
• in severe iron deficiency anemiain severe iron deficiency anemia
• intolerance of oral preparationsintolerance of oral preparations
• Gynae Conditions - before surgery ,Gynae Conditions - before surgery ,
After Delivery ,After Delivery ,
AUB/ DUB with moderate anamiaAUB/ DUB with moderate anamia
Pregnancy AnamiaPregnancy Anamia
• diseases of gastro-intestinal tractdiseases of gastro-intestinal tract
• continuous blood losscontinuous blood loss
• not compensated by oral methodnot compensated by oral method
46. Recent Advance in Parenteral Iron -
Ferric Carboxymaltose Injection
Injection Iron Sucrose
47. Properties of
an ideal parenteral iron
Property
Type
Molecular weight
Complex stability
Half life
pH
Osmolality
Antigenicity
Test dose
Time for inj.
Max dose
Ideal
I (robust)
>100 kD
High
Long
Neutral
Isotonic
Low
No
Short
High
Iron dextran
I (robust)
>100 kD
High
3-4 days
Neutral
Isotonic
High
Yes
4 - 6 h for 20mg/kg
20mg/kg
Iron sucrose
II (semi-robust)
34-60 kD
Moderate
6 hours
High
High
Low
No
15 min for100mg
600 mg/week
Ferric
carboxymaltose
I (robust)
150 kD
High
16 hours
Near-Neutral
Isotonic
Low
No
15 min for 1000mg
1000 mg/infusion /week
49. Dosage
• For IV use only
• Conventionally calculated using Ganzoni formula: Cumulative iron deficit
[mg] = body weight [kg] x (target Hb - actual Hb) [g/dl] x 2.4 + iron storage
depot [mg]
• Use simpler regimen as used in FERGIcor study [Gastroenterology 2011]
Cumulative iron dose of 500 mg should not be exceeded for patients with body
weight < 35 kg
50. Dilution for Infusion
• In case of drip infusion Ferric Carboxymaltose Injection must be diluted only in
sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution as follows:
Iron Maximum volume of
normal saline
Minimum time
for
administration
200 to < 500 mg 100 ml 6 min
500 to <1000
mg
250 ml 15 min
How critical is speed of infusion?
What could be the consequence of excessive dilution (<2mg/ml)?
55. Contraindications
• Known hypersensitivity to Ferric
Carboxymaltose Injection or to any of its
excipients
• Anaemia not attributed to iron deficiency
• Evidence of iron overload or disturbances in
iron utilization of iron
• First trimester pregnancy
• Children below 14 yrs
56. Comparative Efficacy of
3 Parenteral Irons
Journal of Blood Transfusion Volume 2012, Article ID
473514 Adob
Do
57. Perioperative anemia
• There is a high incidence of preoperative and postoperative anemia in
surgical patients, with a coincident increase in blood utilization.
• These factors are associated with increased risk for perioperative infection
and adverse outcome (mortality) in surgical patients.
Journal of Surgical Research 102, 237–244 (2002)
58. LIFECARE EXPERIENCE
IRON SUCROSE
• USED IN OVER 500 CASES
• ALL PREGNANT WOMEN
• 6 PATIENTS HAD REACTIONS
• THOUGH NOT MAJOR BUT SCARY ENOUGH
• DEFINITE RISE IN HB IS NOT ASSURED
Severe Reaction if Occurs Recovery is Difficult
Company itself is withdrawing
59. FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE
• USED IN 304 CASES
• 256 NON PREGNANT AND 48 *PREGNANT
• 3 PATIENTS HAD REACTIONS (Rashe 2 , swollen lips 1)
• AGAIN THOUGH NOT MAJOR BUT SCARY
ENOUGH
• RISE IN 2 gm HB SEEN IN 1 MONTH IN 90% OF
CASES
*Pregnancy not approved by drug controller of India
61. Conclusion
• Major benefits of FCM inj
over iron sucrose Inj.
• Safe
• Rapid infusion rate – 1000 mg
in 15 minutes
• Low antigenicity
• No test dose required
Limitations-1. Given that these ranges include 95% of the normal population, the 2.5% of normal subject with values which fall below the normal range will be arbitrarily depicted as being anemic
2. The normal range for HGB and HCT is so wide that, for example a male patient with a baseline HCT of 49% may lose up to 15% of his RBC mass through hemolysis or blood loss and still have a HCT within the normal range
CBC-red cell indices-size-micro,macro, normo, color(chromasia)
WBC-leukopenia should alert to bone marrow suppression
Differential-immature forms
Retic count-high-indicates increased response to continued hemolysis or blood loss
stable anemia w/ low retic is strong evidence for deficient production of RBCs (reduced marrow response)
Smear-as above, nuceated RBCs hematologic dz(sickle, thal,hemolytic anemia), things missed by automated counters: schistocytes, RBC parasits, evidence for hemolysis