Abstract Graphics was a two dimensional notion till the nineteenth century. It was only in the twentieth century, during the modern movement, that graphics emerged as a three dimensional tool. During the same time architecture also had a change in its definition and there was a breakthrough in the design industry. Colour which was earlier used as a superficial element for decoration now, started being used as a design element of third dimension in architecture. Designing with colour therefore it must be considered in all its aspects of which are related to one another, so that virtually in any work in which colour plays a role all must be taken into accent. Colours have a profound effect on mind and emotion and influence our mood and feelings. Colour can reinforce ideas of form and material; express its divisions and proportions. Colour can underline an architectural statement, it can punctuate, direct and focus attention and compensate in a way unlike any other abstract element”. How graphical use of colour can create a statement in architecture.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This presentation has all the essential points on “Design Principles for All the
Designers” whether they are web, graphic, video editor, animation, visual effects artist, motion graphic artist, multimedia
designer or from any other design industry e.g. fashion, interior, architectural designing.
Gestalt theory is one of the most important theories and methods of studying visual perception.
The basic principle is The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Stone texture classification and discrimination by edge direction movementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Texture discrimination is the rich field in the area pattern recognition and pattern analysis. The texture classification is the one of
the major field in texture discrimination. In this paper derive an approach for texture group classification based on the direction
movement. The edge movements are identified in each 3×3 window of the texture image. Based on the edge direction movements
the texture images are categorized. Two texture groups used in this paper. Texture group 1 consists of Bark, Sand, Raffia and
Pigskin images and Straw, Bsand, Wgrain and Grass image are treated as texture group2. In this paper, Horizontal, Vertical
direction and also Right, Left Diagonal Edge direction movements are identified.
Key Words: Edge Direction movements, texture classification, pattern recognition, texture group
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This presentation has all the essential points on “Design Principles for All the
Designers” whether they are web, graphic, video editor, animation, visual effects artist, motion graphic artist, multimedia
designer or from any other design industry e.g. fashion, interior, architectural designing.
Gestalt theory is one of the most important theories and methods of studying visual perception.
The basic principle is The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Stone texture classification and discrimination by edge direction movementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Texture discrimination is the rich field in the area pattern recognition and pattern analysis. The texture classification is the one of
the major field in texture discrimination. In this paper derive an approach for texture group classification based on the direction
movement. The edge movements are identified in each 3×3 window of the texture image. Based on the edge direction movements
the texture images are categorized. Two texture groups used in this paper. Texture group 1 consists of Bark, Sand, Raffia and
Pigskin images and Straw, Bsand, Wgrain and Grass image are treated as texture group2. In this paper, Horizontal, Vertical
direction and also Right, Left Diagonal Edge direction movements are identified.
Key Words: Edge Direction movements, texture classification, pattern recognition, texture group
TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION USING DENSE MICRO-BLOCK DIFFERENCE (DMD)Nexgen Technology
TO GET THIS PROJECT COMPLETE SOURCE ON SUPPORT WITH EXECUTION PLEASE CALL BELOW CONTACT DETAILS
MOBILE: 9791938249, 0413-2211159, WEB: WWW.NEXGENPROJECT.COM,WWW.FINALYEAR-IEEEPROJECTS.COM, EMAIL:Praveen@nexgenproject.com
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY provides total software solutions to its customers. Apsys works closely with the customers to identify their business processes for computerization and help them implement state-of-the-art solutions. By identifying and enhancing their processes through information technology solutions. NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY help it customers optimally use their resources.
Color Constancy For Improving Skin DetectionCSCJournals
Skin detection is a preliminary step in many human related recognition systems. Most skin detection systems suffer from high false detection rate, resulting from low variance between the skin and non-skin color distributions. This paper proposes the use of simple color correction algorithms with low computation complexity to obtain a corrected version of the skin color distribution, which could lead to more accurate skin detection. White patch retinex, Grey world assumption and several improved versions of these two state of the art correction algorithms were chosen and applied to an image set of 4000. The results, compared with skin detection with no color correction revealed that color correction will improve the skin detection accuracy.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
TEXTURE CLASSIFICATION USING DENSE MICRO-BLOCK DIFFERENCE (DMD)Nexgen Technology
TO GET THIS PROJECT COMPLETE SOURCE ON SUPPORT WITH EXECUTION PLEASE CALL BELOW CONTACT DETAILS
MOBILE: 9791938249, 0413-2211159, WEB: WWW.NEXGENPROJECT.COM,WWW.FINALYEAR-IEEEPROJECTS.COM, EMAIL:Praveen@nexgenproject.com
NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY provides total software solutions to its customers. Apsys works closely with the customers to identify their business processes for computerization and help them implement state-of-the-art solutions. By identifying and enhancing their processes through information technology solutions. NEXGEN TECHNOLOGY help it customers optimally use their resources.
Color Constancy For Improving Skin DetectionCSCJournals
Skin detection is a preliminary step in many human related recognition systems. Most skin detection systems suffer from high false detection rate, resulting from low variance between the skin and non-skin color distributions. This paper proposes the use of simple color correction algorithms with low computation complexity to obtain a corrected version of the skin color distribution, which could lead to more accurate skin detection. White patch retinex, Grey world assumption and several improved versions of these two state of the art correction algorithms were chosen and applied to an image set of 4000. The results, compared with skin detection with no color correction revealed that color correction will improve the skin detection accuracy.
Texture Unit based Monocular Real-world Scene Classification using SOM and KN...IDES Editor
In this paper a method is proposed to discriminate
real world scenes in to natural and manmade scenes of similar
depth. Global-roughness of a scene image varies as a function
of image-depth. Increase in image depth leads to increase in
roughness in manmade scenes; on the contrary natural scenes
exhibit smooth behavior at higher image depth. This particular
arrangement of pixels in scene structure can be well explained
by local texture information in a pixel and its neighborhood.
Our proposed method analyses local texture information of a
scene image using texture unit matrix. For final classification
we have used both supervised and unsupervised learning using
K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) and Self Organizing
Map (SOM) respectively. This technique is useful for online
classification due to very less computational complexity.
Importance of Basic Principles of Design in Creating Spacesijtsrd
Organization is the essence of any design and doing nothing is also a form of design. When it is an applied design, it is hazardous to design by neglect and default. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about its identity. It is not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Basic Design does contain sound proven principals and criteria for judging its success. These criteria centre on the relationship between human needs and human environmental possible with very basic elements used to derive solutions and paces as per human comfort. The measure of the success of a particular applied design is how well it meets the needs of the people experiencing it. Basic principles are mandatory to be learned, understood and used wisely to make the best contribution the process of Designing. This paper is an attempt to focus on explaining design with point, line plane and Volume. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Dr. Amogh Kumar Gupta | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Importance of Basic Principles of Design in Creating Spaces" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42472.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42472/importance-of-basic-principles-of-design-in-creating-spaces/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The Art of Oil Painting: Techniques and Composition Free Essay Example. Three Painters and their paintings Essay Example Topics and Well .... 006 Painting Essay Example Descriptive Thatsnotus. DOC Sculpture in Painting: essay for Art UK james hall - Academia.edu. Formal Painting Analysis Essay Example GraduateWay. Poets on Painters: Essays on the Art of Painting by Twentieth-Century .... How to write an essay about artist, How to write an essay about art .... Harold rosenberg the american action painters essay writing. 003 Essay Example About Painting Thatsnotus. Short Essay- Art Paintings Essay Example GraduateWay. Sample descriptive essay painting. Essay for Art Visual Arts - Year 11 HSC Thinkswap. essay on painter in english. Painting Essay An Essay on My Painting. Critical essay: Essay on painter. The smARTteacher Resource: Writing an Essay About a Work of Art .... Art Essay Visual Arts - Year 12 HSC Thinkswap. 010 Write Essay For Me My Cheap Uk Painted Horse Online About Example .... Unique Essay About A Painting Thatsnotus. How to write a critical analysis essay on a painting. Becoming an Artist - 1200 Words Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. Artist Practice Essay Visual Arts - Year 12 HSC Thinkswap. Essay On Artist. ESSAYS ON PAINTING Essay, Painting, Watercolour painting. 009 Critique Essay Outline Format 130080 Painting Thatsnotus. Art Modernism Essay with 4 artists Visual Arts - Year 11 HSC Thinkswap. Essay Example - Research On a Contemporary Artist 2:1 example .... Essay about an artist. The Artist And The Art Essay. 2019-02-23. Custom Academic Paper Writing Services - descriptive essay about a ... Essay On Painter Essay On Painter
Effective page design is often overlooked in the development of technical information. Studies have shown that the visual design of information has an immediate and lasting visceral impact on both credibility and usability. Good page design ensures that information is easy to find, read, understand, and remember. The science of human visual perception and attention provides a foundation for understanding traditional design elements and principles, and how they can be combined to ensure high-quality, effective information development.
Presented November 28, 2018, at Quadrus Conference Center for Information Development World 2018.
the transcript of speech at IASDR 2009 conference
[slides available at http://www.slideshare.net/urijoe/paper-presentation-at-iasdr-2009-seoul-south-korea]
This all about the 16 types of Design that can be reported.
Allows student to learn more about the aspects of arts.
And can helps to those student who aim to be an artist.
Here are the guides to learn more further and to extend your eagerness in Arts
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
An understanding of graphical perception
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 498
AN UNDERSTANDING OF GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION
Ar. Tulsi N Patel1
rhythem1@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Graphics was a two dimensional notion till the nineteenth century. It was only in the twentieth century, during the modern movement,
that graphics emerged as a three dimensional tool. During the same time architecture also had a change in its definition and there
was a breakthrough in the design industry. Colour which was earlier used as a superficial element for decoration now, started being
used as a design element of third dimension in architecture.
Designing with colour therefore it must be considered in all its aspects of which are related to one another, so that virtually in any
work in which colour plays a role all must be taken into accent. Colours have a profound effect on mind and emotion and influence
our mood and feelings. Colour can reinforce ideas of form and material; express its divisions and proportions. Colour can underline
an architectural statement, it can punctuate, direct and focus attention and compensate in a way unlike any other abstract element”.
How graphical use of colour can create a statement in architecture.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Architecture essentially defines and encloses space through the
elements of form: the shape size, scale, proportion, colour and
texture of which are modulated by the requirements of the
enclosed space internally, and the repose to the physical context
and environmental factors externally. As long as the outer
surface of a building services only a protective device.
„Graphical‟, means something like a graph or a diagram which
expresses information through Abstraction. Here graphics is
simplification of the information for better communication.
There are some words or sentences which cannot be expressed
as they do not have a physical form. We can relate to graphics
as a tool of visual communication, where degree of
communication depends on the degree of abstraction used to
express simply.
There could be several approaches to the study of colour in
architecture. It could focus on the work of a single style or it
could be restricted to a region or the use of colour in a
particular building type.
This study however is concerned with the role of colour as a
design tool available to the architectural to achieve various
architectural ends. The study attempts to understand the role of
colour in architecture. It focuses on colour, as a vital element of
design, which can enrich architectural expression.
The relationship of colour and graphics to architecture which
requires an enquiry into understanding of the transformation of
the dimensional colour graphics into the third dimension of
architecture For this a study is done to establish the relationship
of the transformation of the use of colour graphics from
painting into architecture. Painting used colour graphics to a
large extent, infact colour graphics has been a part of painting.
From the 19th century onwards there was a drastic change in
the field of painting and architecture and graphical thinking was
introduced and acknowledged. The painting movements in the
20th century influenced architecture to a large extend. The
answer to the question of the intervention of using colour with
abstraction to express concept or statement in architecture lies
in understanding the relationship of painting (2D) and
architecture (3D).
To understand visual perception, it is important for one to
understand the visual processes. Most of the information of the
external world is received through eyes. Therefore functions of
the eyes-the visual processes– become a key factor in
interpreting visual idea. the visual processes can roughly be
divided into five consecutive types; seeing, looking, observing,
sensing and perceiving.
2. VISUAL PROCESSES
Seeing:
All objects which come within a cone of vision will be seen.
They will form an impression on the retina. The process of
seeing is however unconscious and all situations being seen
are not necessarily perceived.
Looking:
In the process of seeing, objects seen are unconsciously
focused upon by the eyes, while in the process of looking
the focusing is conscious.
Observing:
In the process of observation situations are consciously
attended to. As mind can attend to only one activity at a
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 499
time, while observing one cannot simultaneously engage the
mind in some other activity. As a result of conscious
process of observation an impression of what has been
observed may be stored in the memory.
Perceiving:
While perceiving one is conscious of visual processes as
well as its experience. The process of perceiving initially
begins with the process of seeing. If required for any reason
the seen condition may then be looked at and observed. The
observation may then lead to a perception.
All the visual processes can be summarized this way. When
sense organs come into contact with the external condition, if
unconsciously, it is seeing and if consciously, it is looking.
When sense organs come into contact with characteristics of the
external condition, it is still observing. In the process of sensing
the information received by eyes is experienced emotionally
without relating it to a specific context. In the process of
perceiving the information is experienced in specific contexts.
3. PERCEPTION
Any external knowledge gained through the media of mind and
cognitive organs in close contact of the external object
doubtless, real and without any defect of organs is called
„perception‟. Perception is a process by which external
conditions are understood with respect to ones own internal
conditions.
3.1 Visual Perception
When the eyes come in contact with external objects and
through the media of the mind, we perceive the environment;
this is „visual perception‟.
According to the theories of visual perception things may look
different from what they are. The Understanding of the factors
and design attitudes which can make things look different from
what they are, can help the designer to express the purpose of
his design effectively. Generally we do not analyze what we see
although we do recognize that an object has several aspects.
among these aspects are colour, size, pattern , position etc.
To make things look real or the way they are needed to be
perceived, designer has to consider these factors responsible for
the visual perception and using them effectively create the
graphic statement for the expression of his idea.
For understanding how these can be utilized for graphical
perception one needs to first understand the basics of visual
communication i.e. the visual language and the process of
producing a graphical statement leading to graphical
perception.
4.1 VISUAL LANGUAGE FOR VISUAL
COMMUNICATION
While the text speaks with words, the graphic figure speaks
with form.
Form Vocabulary:
To design the graphic figure it is first necessary to
know what one has to design with– the constructive
elements, their capabilities, and their limitations.
Casual analysis shows that form derives from five
basic elements: point, line, shape, volumetric form,
colour, and texture. These elements constitute the form
vocabulary available to graphic communication.
Fig 1 Elements of Form
Space Grammar:
Whatever the form of the figure, to exist at all it must
exist upon a surface, or picture plane. Physically, the
picture plane is simply the page area on which one
works; but in the design sense, it functions as a two–
dimensional space. The form elements should be
designed not only in terms of their individual
meanings, but in terms of the spatial order necessary to
relate those meanings to one another within a single,
coherent image.
5. GRAPHICAL STATEMENT
Visual language is not an end in itself. Form, space, and visual
interaction are simply means through which to visualize ideas.
Visualization begins with a definition of purpose. Relevant
subject matter is applied to this purpose and translated into a
visual concept; usually a sketch form. A design is then
constructed, in which a full range of visual language is used to
develop and refine the visual concept into a figure model.
Concept, design and production are the three basic steps in the
making of a graphic statement.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 500
Fig 2 Form and Space
Visual Translation:
In everyday life the meaning of a thing can vary in
relation to the way in which it is seen and understood.
the farmer, for example, sees the wheel of his wagon
as a physical object. The engineer who designed it sees
it as a mechanical problem. The merchant who sold it
sees it as a financial profit. Similarly, the subject of the
graphic figure can be seen and represented in different
ways, depending on its communicative aim. Before a
graphic figure is constructed, a “thinking” drawing is
necessary to determine its basic framework as a visual
idea. This thinking drawing , or sketch, is rudimentary
and conceptual in nature.
Designing the Statement:
This visual concept provides a skeleton for the graphic
figure. The next step is the design of the figure model
which will provide this conceptual skeleton with a
functioning body. Form and space are then integrated
into a comprehensive design, which serves as a figure
model, or working guide for the production of the
graphic statement. There are some spatial cues that
help to integrate the form and the space. These help
the designer to create the graphic statement. They are,
size, colour, position, edge overlap transparency,
pattern, format and isolation. Out of all these the
concentration is on what colour can do as a spatial cue.
Apart from the psychological aspects of colour there
are some visual aspects too which can be very
effective in creating the graphic statement.
Fig 3 Visual translation
Colour can enhance the visual appearance of the form,
destroy the visual continuity of the form, add to the
spatial qualities of form, tend to flatten the form,
making it seem less three dimensional, give illusions
of concave, convex, and negative areas, attract
attention, contrast or blend the form with its
environment, give illusion of transparency and
translucency, create tension or be appealing.
6. GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION
Visual perception prepares a skeleton for the phenomenon of
graphical perception. Graphical perception changes the visual
perception by either simplifying the image or by abstracting it.
The principle of visual perception forms the base for identifying
graphical expression. Graphics is like a depiction of a graphs,
wherein, communication of ideas gets easy due to its simplicity
of expression. In this case, graphical perception is a simplified,
or often, an abstraction of ones visual perception.
7. CONCLUSION
Architecture is the designing of a built form. A similar design
process is applied here and designing starts with a purpose and
a communicative aim. The aim is converted into a visual idea
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Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 501
and a relationship of built form and the context is derived by
the use of design elements which is in the third dimension. By
using graphics the visual idea is made more direct and clear.
Colour is one such design element of graphics as seen earlier.
In the 19th century, with the intervention of graphics in
architecture, colour too was used as a design element to address
a design concept instead of an element of decoration only. The
study is to understand this transformation of use of colour from
two dimensional element of graphics to the three dimensional
experience of a space in architecture. For this it is important to
know the properties of colour and understand the colour
graphics.
REFERENCES
[1]. Graphic communication, bY william j bowman, a 741.6
bow 04142
[2]. Graphical perception of space.. bY frank mulvey, a 760.04
mul 04846
[3]. Whyte, william h (1980). the social life of small urban
spaces, the conservation foundation, washington d.c
[4]. Sommer, robert (1969). personal space: the behavioral basis
of design, prentice- hall, inc., englewood cliffs, new jersey
BIOGRAPHIE:
Myself Ar. Tulsi N Patel. I have done Bachelor
of Architecture (2007) from SCET. SURAT
and M.ARCH in City Design (2011) I have
done M.A with Bharat Natyam and have been
to Belgium France & USA to represented
INDIA in Youth dance Festival. Presently
working as Visiting Lecturer and also working with I-CON
Architects and Urban Planner firm as a Senior Architect. I‟m
Pursuing my LLB.