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An Investigation of Code-mixing in Expanding Circles: Indonesians' Tweets
- 1. AN INVESTIGATION OF CODE- MIXING IN EXPANDING CIRCLES: INDONESIANS’ TWEETS
- 2. OVERVIEW • • • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 3. WHY THIS STUDY • • • • • • 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016 Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz
- 4. TWITTER • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 5. CODE-MIXING • • • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 6. QUESTIONS • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 7. MUYSKEN’S (2000) CODE-MIXING PATTERNS • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 8. INSERTION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016 Lexical node (b) from a language (B) is inserted to a base language’s (A) lexical nodes (a).
- 9. ALTERNATION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016 Two languages in two clauses that are independent from each other’s grammar.
- 10. CONGRUENT LEXICALIZATION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016 Each language involved contributes to the sentence’s grammatical structure (Muysken 2000, p.127). The lexis involved may seem like insertional, but words of any categories could switch between languages.
- 11. METHODS • • • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 12. RESULTS • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 13. Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 18% 57% 22% 3% Classification Code-mixing Indonesian English None of the above N = 576 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 14. Code-mixing Pattern % of all tweets Insertion 12% Alternation 4% Congruent Lexicalization 2% Total 18% Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz N = 576 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 15. INSERTION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz (what) a forceful couple forceful couple/a yg maksa ˜/b‚ (loc) (link) N Adj 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 16. INSERTION (CONT’D) • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz park bike change car continue ‘on the way’ Parking (the) bike, change to the car, let’s continue (on the way)… Parkir motor,/a ganti mobil /b Lanjutttt/c otww/d 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 17. ALTERNATION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz Kereeen./a Love this expressionism!/b Good night /c *rontok badan karena belum tidur dari kemaren*/d Broken body because NEG sleep since yesterday Good night *(feels like) my body is broken because of not having any sleep since yesterday* 1 2 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 18. CONGRUENT LEXICALIZATION Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz miss see the center JKT48 on @username get well really soon ve… miss to see the center of JKT48 on stage. @username get well really soon ve.../a kangen liat/b centernya/c jeketi di/d stage/e 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 19. CONGRUENT LEXICALIZATION (CONT’D) Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz Favorite very, less if Q.time.. Sushi time./a Its/b paporit bgt/c. Kurang/d mainstream/e klo gg difoto¦/e NEG PASSIVE- photographed Quality time, Sushi time. It’s very favorite, (it will be) less mainstream if it didn’t get photographed
- 20. CONCLUSION • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 21. LIMITATION • • • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
- 22. ONGOING STUDY • Abdurahman, Nur Hafiz 14th Asia TEFL International Conference The Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia June 30 – July 2 2016
Editor's Notes
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- an English noun (/a) is inserted into Indonesian clause (/b). It is common for Indonesian to use a borrowed noun such as in (10) to replace an Indonesian noun One of the reason for the borrowing to happen might be caused by the status of the English word which is seen as cooler than its Indonesian synonym. Ongoing research, insertion of English borrowed noun receives a more positive attitude by Indonesians
- In contrast to tweet (10), tweet (11) shows an example of an Indonesian-English variation. ‘otw’ (/f) is an abbreviation of ‘on the way’, a variation of ‘on my way’ in common English. The word ‘otw’ is commonly used by Indonesian not only in virtual world, but also real life. This case is an example of ‘localized vocabularies of English usage’ (Bolton & Butler 2008 cited Martin 2010, p.253).
- there are two English words in the next Indonesian clause (see (/c) and (/e)). The word ‘center’ (/c) is an N-insertion in which English noun is inserted and adapted to follow the Indonesian grammar (noun-suffix) as opposed to English (determiner-noun). In (/e), an English noun is borrowed to replace the Indonesian noun.
- In (14), (/a), (/b) and (/c) are English-based clauses although (/c) are Indonesian words. However, (/c) are not a suitable part of speech if literally translated into English; it is better to use the adjective (e.g favourable or famous) instead of the noun (‘favorit’ is Indonesian noun). On the other hand, (/d), (/e), and (/f) are Indonesian-based with (/e) being borrowed English noun.