An hour long presentation I gave for LYRASIS. It introduces many topics in security and privacy on the internet and computers and any other type of device with an ip address. IOT Internet of things, browsers, portable devices and more. In this hour I focused on things to train in libraries, security awareness training and other things relevant to people in libraries. Librarians and anyone else in a library

1. IT Security For Librarians:
Outrunning The Bear
@ Your Library
Blake Carver
LYRASIS Systems Administrator

2. Week One
•Passwords: L E N G T H & Unique
•Paranoia: Think Before You Click
•BackuPs: Frequent and Automatic
•Patches: Set to Auto
•Ponder Before Posting
Intro

3. Last Week
• Privacy
 Surveillance Is The Business Model Of The
Internet
• Carry A Safe, Not A Suitcase
• Email
• Browsers
• Public Wi-Fi
• Social Media
• Mobile Devices
• Backups

4. This Week
Everything You Need To Know
Lock Things Down
Grant Least Privilege
Whitelisting - Patches – Limit Admins
Build a Defensible Library
Threat Modeling
Everything With An IP Address Matters
Training
New Instincts
Never Without The WHY

7. “An iCloud scam that may be worse than
ransomware”
https://blog.malwarebytes.org/mac/2016/03/an-icloud-scam-that-may-be-worse-than-ransomware/

9. The Danger of Apps that Die
About three years ago there was an iPhone app named Kinotopic.
According to their website, which is still up, “Kinotopic allows you to
create, share, and store short video moments and make them more
expressive – in the form of animated pictures and cinemagraphs.”
Past users of Kinotopic may be interested to learn that there is currently
a MongoDB database that appears to belong to Kinotopic sitting out
on the open internet with no protection whatsoever. This derelict
MongoDB instance contains, among other things, the email addresses,
usernames, and hashed passwords for, what appear to be, over
198,000 previous Kinotopic users.
https://mackeeper.com/blog/post/197-the-danger-of-apps-that-die

11. In Cloquet, email and SmartBoards were affected, along with
phones, school bell and food service systems. The middle
school has a one-to-one device program for students that was
affected.

12. From: Geraldo Spence <SpenceGeraldo89626@powernet.bg>
To: <somone@example.com>
Subject: FW: Order Status #001204
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2016 07:01:47 +0300
Dear someone,
We would like to thank you for your recent order.
Order Status updated on: 21/03/2016
Your Customer ID: 001204
Your Order ID: 4081F78D45-M-2016
Invoice Number: 5978299
Delivery Note:
We received your order and payment on 17/03/2016
Your order details are attached.
Best regards,
Geraldo Spence
Chief Executive Officer - Food Packaging Company

13. Libraries Live Below
The Security Poverty Line(Wendy Nather)
We simply can't afford to reach a great level of security
Few or no IT People
Few or no Security People
Hard to keep up with technology and security
Maintenance, planning, strategy are 2nd to OMG
Depend on consultants, vendors, family, patrons,
friends, volunteers, etc...

14. This leaves us in a bad place
 Defaults
 Old and outdated
 Workarounds
 Not much control
 No time to focus
 "We'll fix it later"

15. We ain't got
 Budget
 People
 Time
 Hardware
 Software
 Expertise

16. So what can we do?
 Budget?
 Buy things that are more secure?
 Question our vendors and partners on
security?
 Use our consortia?
 Outsourcing?

17. So what can we do?
 Develop a good Threat Model
 Set achievable security goals
 Learning, Planning & Training
 Develop IT- and security-focused
community groups for the exchange of
ideas, information and known security
threats.
 http://security4lib.org/

18. The perfect is not the enemy
of the good

19. Make Your Library Defensible

20. Able To Be Defended
• Defensible does not mean secure
• There are more things to defend than there
are resources to defend with
• Defensibility focuses on what, why, how,
when and from whom

21. Attackers are economically rational – they
take scarce resources and apply them
efficiently to achieve a desired outcome. As
a defender, making the target less attractive
or too expensive for that economically
rational actor means they will go after
something else. “It’s like the old saying:
you don’t have to outrun the
bear. You just have to outrun
your friend.”

22. Defensible Libraries
• A change in mindset
• Awareness of limitations & weaknesses
• Awareness of threats
• An admission of inconvenience
• A lot of hard, detailed and
underappreciated work.

23. So Let’s Think About…
• What do we have to secure?
• Who wants it?
• How could they acquire it?
• How could they benefit from its use?
–Can they sell it?
–Can they hold it hostage?
–Can they use & abuse it?
• How damaging would the loss of data be?
• How would this effect library operations?
• How secure do we really need to be?

24. But We’re Just A Library
IT Security For Libraries

25. We Are All Targets
IT Security For Libraries

26. Every access point to the
internet is potential breach.

27. 83% targets of opportunity
92% of attacks were easy
85% were found by a 3rd party
IT Security For Libraries
Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report

28. 84% were found by a 3rd party
Bad guys were in for 175 days before
they were discovered.
Trustwave Global Security Report
IT Security For Libraries

29. It’s Easy Being Bad
IT Security For Libraries

30. Security Is Hard
IT Security For Libraries

31. The attacker only needs to
succeed once...
IT Security For Libraries

32. While we need to catch every
single thing...
IT Security For Libraries

33. Staying safe takes more than
just a firewall & AV/AM...
IT Security For Libraries

34. Passwords

35. Your security software /
hardware is a seat belt – not a
force field.
IT Security For Libraries

36. When we protect our library,
we protect our patrons
• People come to us and want things to be
easy and free and fun
• They don’t think about security (Ever)
• Information Literacy

37. Complexity is the Enemy of Security
• We have no shortage of access points
• We deal with any number of vendors
• Threats come from outside the libraries
• Threats come from inside the libraries
•Our libraries are full of people
IT Security For Libraries

38. Security will forever be a
moving target

39. So What Can We do?
• Stop Ignoring it
• Prepare – Threat Modeling
• Prepare - Training
IT Security For Libraries

40. Ignoring it and thinking you're safe
“If It Ain’t Broke...”
• The vast majority of attacks…
–Won’t be targeted
–Will Be Easily Avoidable
Do something.... Do Anything!
IT Security For Libraries

41. Don't Make Things Easy

42. What Does A Library Need To
Protect?
IT Security For Libraries
Your Employees Homes / Phones / etc...?
OPAC / ILS
Staff Computers
Databases
Printers / Copiers
Website
Servers
Backups
Printers
Cell Phones
Wi-Fi Routers
Routers
Cell Phones
Ipads
Laptops

43. Printers??
Light Bulbs??
Cameras??

44. There are more things to
defend than there are
resources to defend with
Not every asset in your
organization is equally
valuable

45. An attacker will always pick
the weakest point of entry…
…but you can't know which
point that is

46. The Weakest Point In A Library?

47. Public Access Computers
IT Security For Libraries

48. Public Access Computers
Staying Safe On This Computer:
–Make Sure You Log Out
–Don’t Access Sensitive Sites
–Beware of the "remember me" option
–Don't send personal or financial information
via email or insecure websites
IT Security For Libraries

49. Public Access Computers
This Week’s Stay Safe Tips
–Never Trust Email
–Learn About Phishing
–Attend Our Security Class
–Always Check For A Secure Connection
IT Security For Libraries

50. Most exploits used “old” issues
that have been patched

51. There is no longer a window to
patch when a vulnerability or
exploit is discovered, in public or
private.Brad Arkin, Adobe

52. Locking Down Public Access
Computers
• Patching and Updating
–OS and *ALL* Applications
• Whitelisting
• BIOS passwords
• EMET - microsoft.com/emet
• SteadyState / DeepFreeze / SmartShield
• Check for USB additions
• Don’t use Windows?
• Don’t use IE?
IT Security For Libraries

53. 35 Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions

54. Change your mindset – YOU are
the attacker
• What are you library’s most valuable
assets? Where are these assets? How can
they be accessed?
• If you were the attacker how would you
spread malware? And who are the most
‘vulnerable’ targets in the organization?
• Do you have a view on the ‘normal’
behavior of your organization (people,
behavior, locations and systems)?

55. Level the playing field…
Hack Your library!

58. Library Information Security System
Assessment Model (LISSAM)
Awareness Creation
Administrative Tools and Methods
Procedures and Control
Information Security Policy
Technological Security Foundation

59. CIS and CCS introduced the Cyber
Hygiene Campaign
Count: Know what’s connected to and running on
your network
Configure: Implement key security settings to help
protect your systems
Control: Limit and manage admins
Patch: Regularly update all apps, software, and
operating systems
Repeat: Regularly revisit the Top Priorities
https://www.cisecurity.org/about/CHToolkits.cfm

60. Six Steps to Stronger Security

 1. Keep an accurate hardware inventory
 2. Keep an accurate software inventory
 3. Actively manage configurations
 4. Remediate vulnerabilities quickly
 5. Automate endpoint defenses
 6. Control administrative access
https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/awareness/steps-stronger-security-smbs-36037

61. Don’t Forget
• Check the internets for usernames/passwords
for your library (e.g. pastebin)
• HTTPS
• Is your domain name going to expire?
• Is you SSL Cert going to expire?
• Typo Squatters?
IT Security For Libraries

62. Thumb Drives

63. IT Security For Libraries
Training
Building Cybersecurity Champions

64. Training does not work
It's not worth it because someone will
still mess up
People already know what to do
This stuff us easy / obvious

65. Training
Train A Security Mindset
Quickly forgotten without practice and
reminders
Regular low level of training and awareness
IT Security For Libraries

66. Good security awareness
programs help all employees
know where to get help
Who they should call when there is trouble
Where they can look for guidance & policies
They should know that they will not be looked
down on for making a mistake
Someone’s job is to help them through
whatever difficulty they are having

67. We can't make everyone
an expert
We do NOT need to train the non-technical
employees about what the deep level geek
employees already know.

68. Building Good Habits
“Being secure” is something that is learned
over time and eventually becomes a habit.
Make the security mindset the default
Consistent reinforcement of the importance of
IT Security

69. What about training UP?
How do we communicate up?
Is your boss/director/board/dean/whatever aware of IT Security? If they
were, would that help make the library more secure? It may be up to you to
help everyone at your library become Security Literate.
So how do you do it?
Start talking & training.
Make sure everyone understands that we are all targets.
If they ask “How secure are we?”…
the answer will most likely scare them.

70. NEVER without the ‘WHY?’

71. Understanding awareness, training,
and development
What we want is policies that reinforce good
security principles that will foster over time a
new instinct in people, a new way of
looking at things, a new way of acting in
a more secure way.
This will require a huge amount of patience
and buy in from every at your library.

73. IT Security For Libraries

74. Carver, Blake Name
123456 ID Number
00123456 User ID
carver Password
05/01/2012 End Date

75. Training
• Phishing
• Social Engineering
• Privacy
• Passwords
• Email Attachments
• Virus Alerts
• Social Networking
• Updates
IT Security For Libraries

76. What we want is policies that reinforce good
security principles that will foster over time a
new instinct in people, a new way of
looking at things, a new way of acting in
a more secure way.

77. The goal is to make doing
things the right way become
the default in your library

78. Training…. Patrons?
• Your patrons don't care much for security
• Their habits are inviting malware
• Look for ways to make things safer in ways
that don't interfere with people's everyday
tasks as much as possible.
• Principle of Least Privilege
IT Security For Libraries

79. http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/09/2015-09-15_libraries_FINAL.pdf
Offer Training At Your Library

80. Library Security Mantra
• Security
• Privacy
• Confidentiality
• Integrity
• Availability
• Access
(based on Net Sec 101 Ayre and Lawthers 2001)
IT Security For Libraries

81. Remember:
This about your library’s security and
protecting your library’s brand and
reputation and your patrons.
The only way this can happen is if security
and risk management become regular
parts of library conversation.

82. Preparation - Practical Resources
• SANS 20 Critical Security Controls
– http://sans.org
• Securing Library Technology: A How-To-Do-It Manual
– Earp & Wright
• Strategies to Mitigate Targeted Cyber Intrusions
– Australian Signals Directorate
• Library Information Security System Assessment Model (LISSAM)
– Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, Vol. 16, no. 2
 Virtual Privacy Lab from the San José Public Library
https://www.sjpl.org/privacy
 Library Freedom Project
https://libraryfreedomproject.org/
IT Security For Libraries

83. Next Week
Week Four: The Web – Sites & Servers
How & why websites get hacked
Web Servers
Servers in general
Some Hacker Tools
Review

84. IT Security For Librarians:
Outrunning The Bear
@ Your Library
Blake Carver
LYRASIS Systems Administrator