This document introduces AWS CloudFormation, which allows users to automate the deployment and configuration of AWS resources through templates. CloudFormation templates describe the configuration of AWS resources using JSON or YAML files. When deployed, the template creates a "stack" of linked resources. Common uses of CloudFormation include replicating environments, deploying across regions, and disaster recovery. The document also discusses best practices like reusing templates, using parameters and mappings, and versioning templates with AWS CodeCommit.