By increasing popularity of SOC, using Web services in applications has increased too. SOC creates a loosely coupled environment in which the actual execution environment might differ significantly from the one with the presupposed conditions during application design. Therefore, although an appropriate Web service might have been selected, by passing time, the Web service may not be efficient enough or may not be applicable under specific conditions.
For service-oriented systems to be flexible and self-adaptive, it is necessary to automatically select and use a similar service instead of the one which causes the above mentioned problems. Finding a similar service means specifying the proper services which fulfill the same requirements as those fulfilled by the problematic service.
In most of the previous works, a number of the best services (k) are selected and ordered based on functional similarity. The user must select one of these services based on his/her preferences. One important metric in selecting a similar service is considering QoS properties and user preferences about QoS. Because of the importance of this issue, in the present paper, an architecture is proposed in which, in addition to functional similarity, QoS properties and user preferences are also considered in selecting a similar service.
QOS Aware Formalized Model for Semantic Web Service SelectionIJwest
Selecting the most relevant Web Service according to a client requirement is an onerous task, as innumerous number of functionally same Web Services(WS) are listed in UDDI registry. WS are functionally same but their Quality and performance varies as per service providers. A web Service Selection Process involves two major points: Recommending the pertinent Web Service and avoiding unjustifiable web service. The deficiency in keyword based searching is that it doesn’t handle the client request accurately as keyword may have ambiguous meaning on different scenarios. UDDI and search engines all are based on keyword search, which are lagging behind on pertinent Web service selection. So the search mechanism must be incorporated with the Semantic behavior of Web Services. In order to strengthen this approach, the proposed model is incorporated with Quality of Services (QoS) based Ranking of semantic web services.
This paper focuses on various concepts of Quality of Service associated with web services. Various QoS parameters like performance, availability, reliability and stability etc. are formalized in order to enhance the pertinence of web service selection. A QoS mediator agent based Web Service Selection Model is proposed where QoS Consultant acts as a Mediator Agent between clients and service providers. Model suggests user’s preferences on QoS parameter selection. The proposed model helps to select pertinent Web Service as per user’s requirement and reduce the human effort.. Further process of adding ontology with semantic web services is also illustrated here.
Location-Aware and Personalized Collaborative Filtering for Web Service Recom...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services. In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
CLUSTERING-BASED SERVICE SELECTION FOR DYNAMIC SERVICE COMPOSITIONIJwest
The increase in the number of available web services led to the increase in the similarity of services functionality offered by different providers each with different QoS parameters. Therefore, in web service composition, the selection of the optimal service to satisfy the QoS values required by user is one of the significant requirements. Moreover, the dynamic nature of web services adds more challenges to obtain the accuracy of the selection process. Most of the existing service composition approaches deal with services changes during composition execution, causing a re-planning or re-selection that affecst the service composition performance. In this paper, we introduce the clustering-based service selection model that outperforms the existing ones. The proposed model has the ability to detect and recover the changes in service repository by monitoring the composition process from a global point of view. The approach is a two-levels-based web service clustering. The proposed model encompasses a clustering process, a planning process, a selection process and a recovery process.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
Web service discovery methods and techniques a reviewijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
A review on framework and quality of service based web services discoveryMustafa Algaet
In consequence these services are nowadays accessible to the final clients. In the last few years, more
and more Web Services providing the same functionalities are available in the environment. In order to
select the best service adapted to client’s requests, we need some method capable to evaluate and
compare different services providing the same functionalities. In this context, Quality of service can be defined as the capability to respond to the requirements (constraints) of a client and to fulfill these
needs with the best criteria (preferences) established by the client. It is calculated based on the non-
functional properties of the service. This paper provides an overview of a research progress in Quality
of Service Based Web Services Discovery; it also highlights the issues that need to be investigated in
Quality of Service Based Web Services
QOS Aware Formalized Model for Semantic Web Service SelectionIJwest
Selecting the most relevant Web Service according to a client requirement is an onerous task, as innumerous number of functionally same Web Services(WS) are listed in UDDI registry. WS are functionally same but their Quality and performance varies as per service providers. A web Service Selection Process involves two major points: Recommending the pertinent Web Service and avoiding unjustifiable web service. The deficiency in keyword based searching is that it doesn’t handle the client request accurately as keyword may have ambiguous meaning on different scenarios. UDDI and search engines all are based on keyword search, which are lagging behind on pertinent Web service selection. So the search mechanism must be incorporated with the Semantic behavior of Web Services. In order to strengthen this approach, the proposed model is incorporated with Quality of Services (QoS) based Ranking of semantic web services.
This paper focuses on various concepts of Quality of Service associated with web services. Various QoS parameters like performance, availability, reliability and stability etc. are formalized in order to enhance the pertinence of web service selection. A QoS mediator agent based Web Service Selection Model is proposed where QoS Consultant acts as a Mediator Agent between clients and service providers. Model suggests user’s preferences on QoS parameter selection. The proposed model helps to select pertinent Web Service as per user’s requirement and reduce the human effort.. Further process of adding ontology with semantic web services is also illustrated here.
Location-Aware and Personalized Collaborative Filtering for Web Service Recom...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services. In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
CLUSTERING-BASED SERVICE SELECTION FOR DYNAMIC SERVICE COMPOSITIONIJwest
The increase in the number of available web services led to the increase in the similarity of services functionality offered by different providers each with different QoS parameters. Therefore, in web service composition, the selection of the optimal service to satisfy the QoS values required by user is one of the significant requirements. Moreover, the dynamic nature of web services adds more challenges to obtain the accuracy of the selection process. Most of the existing service composition approaches deal with services changes during composition execution, causing a re-planning or re-selection that affecst the service composition performance. In this paper, we introduce the clustering-based service selection model that outperforms the existing ones. The proposed model has the ability to detect and recover the changes in service repository by monitoring the composition process from a global point of view. The approach is a two-levels-based web service clustering. The proposed model encompasses a clustering process, a planning process, a selection process and a recovery process.
Web Services Discovery and Recommendation Based on Information Extraction and...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various
factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional
textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services
descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this
problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to
keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced.
Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called
symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of
these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
Web service discovery methods and techniques a reviewijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
A review on framework and quality of service based web services discoveryMustafa Algaet
In consequence these services are nowadays accessible to the final clients. In the last few years, more
and more Web Services providing the same functionalities are available in the environment. In order to
select the best service adapted to client’s requests, we need some method capable to evaluate and
compare different services providing the same functionalities. In this context, Quality of service can be defined as the capability to respond to the requirements (constraints) of a client and to fulfill these
needs with the best criteria (preferences) established by the client. It is calculated based on the non-
functional properties of the service. This paper provides an overview of a research progress in Quality
of Service Based Web Services Discovery; it also highlights the issues that need to be investigated in
Quality of Service Based Web Services
AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH FOR DYNAMIC RECOVERY DECISIONS IN WEB SERVICE COMPOSITIO...ijwscjournal
Service Oriented Architecture facilitates automatic execution and composition of web services in
distributed environment. This service composition in the heterogeneous environment may suffer from
various kinds of service failures. These failures interrupt the execution of composite web services and
lead towards complete system failure. The dynamic recovery decisions of the failed services are
dependent on non-functional attributes of the services. In the recent years, various methodologies
have been presented to provide recovery decisions based on time related QoS (Quality of Service)
factors. These QoS attributes can be categorized further. Our paper categorized these attributes as
space and time. In this paper, we have proposed an affinity model to quantify the location affinity for
composition of web services. Furthermore, we have also suggested a replication mechanism and
algorithm for taking recovery decisions based on time and space based QoS parameters and usage
pattern of the services by the user.
Evaluation of QoS based Web- Service Selection Techniques for Service Composi...Waqas Tariq
In service oriented computing, services are the basic construct that aims to facilitate building of business application in a more flexible and interoperable manner for enterprise collaboration. To satisfy the needs of clients and to adapt to changing needs, service composition is performed in order to compose the various capabilities of available services. With the proliferation of services offering similar functionalities around the web, the task of service selection for service composition is complicated. It is vital to provide service consumers with facilities for selecting required web services according to their non-functional characteristics or quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the process of service selection is complicated due to divergent view of service consumers and service providers on the quality of services. The objective of this paper presents the exploration of various techniques of Quality of Service based Service Selection (QSS) approach in the literature. To evaluate the service selection process, a number of criteria for QSS approach have been identified and presented in this paper.
Since service-oriented architectures make the commercial systems more reliable and reusable, they have
gained more popularity in industry and scientific community in recent decades. Service-oriented
architectures bring flexibility and reusability to software design. Due to the increasing number of services
on the Web, finding a service which is suited to user requirements is crucial. The process of finding suitable
services to user request is one of the main purposes of service-oriented architectures. Many methods have
been proposed for service discovery in service-oriented architectures that try to fulfil user requirements
and offer suitable services to user request; however the proposed methods do not have enough precision for
discovering suitable services. In this paper, we propose a method for service discovery which offers more
accurate services according to user request. The proposed method is a hybrid semantic matchmaker for
service discovery in service oriented architecture. By providing accurate services suitable to user requests,
we have greatly increased the reusability rate and reduced the time and cost of software development
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable
form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
USER-CENTRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR CONSTRAINT WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION USING A FUZZ...ijwscjournal
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem. Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of web service composition easier and more efficient.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDYcscpconf
Web service composition development is a complex and dynamic process. It is one of the challenges in distributed dynamic environments. Although, SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) facilitates service composition process through standard protocols in searching and binding with web services. Yet composition in SOA paradigm faces many challenges. One of the main challenges is the environment in which composition services are developed. Nowadays the environment becomes more dynamic due to the increase in the number of web services that are frequently changing. Therefore, the need for self-adapted composition methods that acts according to environment changes is advocated. In this paper, we will study the existe researches that address the web service composition in a dynamic environment to state the art in this area and assist future research.
Reliability evaluation model for composite web servicesdannyijwest
Web services are the new innovation in this era. Because of the cross-platform and language independent nature of the web
services, it is getting accepted by the various industries. Revolution in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has created
numerous web service users. Different choices of services are available to meet the specific requirement of customers. At the
same time, customer needs quality service. Selecting the web service which meets all the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement
specified by the consumer in the Service Level Agreement is a tedious task today. One of the predominant QoS factor is
reliability of the web service. Evaluation of reliability on web services and selecting the best one among the different choices are
needed now. This paper focuses on the design of reliability evaluation framework for the composite web services.
QOS OF WEB SERVICE: SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYcsandit
In today’s scenario, most of the organizations provide the services through the web. This makes
the web service an important research area. In addition, early design and building web services,
it is necessary to concentrate on the quality of web services. Performance is an important
quality attributes that to be considered during the designing of web services. The expected
performance can be achieved by proper scheduling of resources and scalability of the system.
Scalability is a desirable attribute of a process computer system or network. Poor scalability
can result in lacking system performance. Hence, in this paper, we have reviewed the literature
available for the quality attributes of performance and scalability and identified the issues that
affect the quality attributes related to Web Services.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in
business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade.
Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in
safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It
checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks
providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection
adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit.
Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result
an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based
applications.
AGENTS AND OWL-S BASED SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY WITH USER PREFERENCE SU...IJwest
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an interdisciplinary paradigm that revolutionizes the very fabric of
distributed software development applications that adopt service-oriented architectures (SOA) can evolve
during their lifespan and adapt to changing or unpredictable environments more easily. SOA is built
around the concept of Web Services. Although the Web services constitute a revolution in Word Wide Web,
they are always regarded as non-autonomous entities and can be exploited only after their discovery. With
the help of software agents, Web services are becoming more efficient and more dynamic.
The topic of this paper is the development of an agent based approach for Web services discovery and
selection in witch, OWL-S is used to describe Web services, QoS and service customer request. We develop
an efficient semantic service matching which takes into account concepts properties to match concepts in
Web service and service customer request descriptions. Our approach is based on an architecture
composed of four layers: Web service and Request description layer, Functional match layer, QoS
computing layer and Reputation computing layer.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their
functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH FOR DYNAMIC RECOVERY DECISIONS IN WEB SERVICE COMPOSITIO...ijwscjournal
Service Oriented Architecture facilitates automatic execution and composition of web services in distributed environment. This service composition in the heterogeneous environment may suffer from various kinds of service failures. These failures interrupt the execution of composite web services and lead towards complete system failure. The dynamic recovery decisions of the failed services are dependent on non-functional attributes of the services. In the recent years, various methodologies have been presented to provide recovery decisions based on time related QoS (Quality of Service) factors. These QoS attributes can be categorized further. Our paper categorized these attributes as space and time. In this paper, we have proposed an affinity model to quantify the location affinity for composition of web services. Furthermore, we have also suggested a replication mechanism and algorithm for taking recovery decisions based on time and space based QoS parameters and usage pattern of the services by the user.
Location-Aware and Personalized Collaborative Filtering for Web Service Recom...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
WEB SERVICES DISCOVERY AND RECOMMENDATION BASED ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced. Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
USER-CENTRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR CONSTRAINT WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION USING A FUZZ...ijwscjournal
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem. Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of web service composition easier and more efficient.
User-Centric Optimization for Constraint Web Service Composition using a Fuzz...ijwscjournal
ABSTRACT
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed
environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is
essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of
compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to
user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or
response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on
quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem.
Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of
web service composition easier and more efficient.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEWijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH FOR DYNAMIC RECOVERY DECISIONS IN WEB SERVICE COMPOSITIO...ijwscjournal
Service Oriented Architecture facilitates automatic execution and composition of web services in
distributed environment. This service composition in the heterogeneous environment may suffer from
various kinds of service failures. These failures interrupt the execution of composite web services and
lead towards complete system failure. The dynamic recovery decisions of the failed services are
dependent on non-functional attributes of the services. In the recent years, various methodologies
have been presented to provide recovery decisions based on time related QoS (Quality of Service)
factors. These QoS attributes can be categorized further. Our paper categorized these attributes as
space and time. In this paper, we have proposed an affinity model to quantify the location affinity for
composition of web services. Furthermore, we have also suggested a replication mechanism and
algorithm for taking recovery decisions based on time and space based QoS parameters and usage
pattern of the services by the user.
Evaluation of QoS based Web- Service Selection Techniques for Service Composi...Waqas Tariq
In service oriented computing, services are the basic construct that aims to facilitate building of business application in a more flexible and interoperable manner for enterprise collaboration. To satisfy the needs of clients and to adapt to changing needs, service composition is performed in order to compose the various capabilities of available services. With the proliferation of services offering similar functionalities around the web, the task of service selection for service composition is complicated. It is vital to provide service consumers with facilities for selecting required web services according to their non-functional characteristics or quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the process of service selection is complicated due to divergent view of service consumers and service providers on the quality of services. The objective of this paper presents the exploration of various techniques of Quality of Service based Service Selection (QSS) approach in the literature. To evaluate the service selection process, a number of criteria for QSS approach have been identified and presented in this paper.
Since service-oriented architectures make the commercial systems more reliable and reusable, they have
gained more popularity in industry and scientific community in recent decades. Service-oriented
architectures bring flexibility and reusability to software design. Due to the increasing number of services
on the Web, finding a service which is suited to user requirements is crucial. The process of finding suitable
services to user request is one of the main purposes of service-oriented architectures. Many methods have
been proposed for service discovery in service-oriented architectures that try to fulfil user requirements
and offer suitable services to user request; however the proposed methods do not have enough precision for
discovering suitable services. In this paper, we propose a method for service discovery which offers more
accurate services according to user request. The proposed method is a hybrid semantic matchmaker for
service discovery in service oriented architecture. By providing accurate services suitable to user requests,
we have greatly increased the reusability rate and reduced the time and cost of software development
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable
form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
USER-CENTRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR CONSTRAINT WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION USING A FUZZ...ijwscjournal
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem. Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of web service composition easier and more efficient.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDYcscpconf
Web service composition development is a complex and dynamic process. It is one of the challenges in distributed dynamic environments. Although, SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) facilitates service composition process through standard protocols in searching and binding with web services. Yet composition in SOA paradigm faces many challenges. One of the main challenges is the environment in which composition services are developed. Nowadays the environment becomes more dynamic due to the increase in the number of web services that are frequently changing. Therefore, the need for self-adapted composition methods that acts according to environment changes is advocated. In this paper, we will study the existe researches that address the web service composition in a dynamic environment to state the art in this area and assist future research.
Reliability evaluation model for composite web servicesdannyijwest
Web services are the new innovation in this era. Because of the cross-platform and language independent nature of the web
services, it is getting accepted by the various industries. Revolution in Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has created
numerous web service users. Different choices of services are available to meet the specific requirement of customers. At the
same time, customer needs quality service. Selecting the web service which meets all the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement
specified by the consumer in the Service Level Agreement is a tedious task today. One of the predominant QoS factor is
reliability of the web service. Evaluation of reliability on web services and selecting the best one among the different choices are
needed now. This paper focuses on the design of reliability evaluation framework for the composite web services.
QOS OF WEB SERVICE: SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYcsandit
In today’s scenario, most of the organizations provide the services through the web. This makes
the web service an important research area. In addition, early design and building web services,
it is necessary to concentrate on the quality of web services. Performance is an important
quality attributes that to be considered during the designing of web services. The expected
performance can be achieved by proper scheduling of resources and scalability of the system.
Scalability is a desirable attribute of a process computer system or network. Poor scalability
can result in lacking system performance. Hence, in this paper, we have reviewed the literature
available for the quality attributes of performance and scalability and identified the issues that
affect the quality attributes related to Web Services.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in
business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade.
Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in
safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It
checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks
providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection
adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit.
Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result
an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based
applications.
AGENTS AND OWL-S BASED SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY WITH USER PREFERENCE SU...IJwest
Service-oriented computing (SOC) is an interdisciplinary paradigm that revolutionizes the very fabric of
distributed software development applications that adopt service-oriented architectures (SOA) can evolve
during their lifespan and adapt to changing or unpredictable environments more easily. SOA is built
around the concept of Web Services. Although the Web services constitute a revolution in Word Wide Web,
they are always regarded as non-autonomous entities and can be exploited only after their discovery. With
the help of software agents, Web services are becoming more efficient and more dynamic.
The topic of this paper is the development of an agent based approach for Web services discovery and
selection in witch, OWL-S is used to describe Web services, QoS and service customer request. We develop
an efficient semantic service matching which takes into account concepts properties to match concepts in
Web service and service customer request descriptions. Our approach is based on an architecture
composed of four layers: Web service and Request description layer, Functional match layer, QoS
computing layer and Reputation computing layer.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the
semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their
functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
WEB SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON RANKING OF QOS USING ASSOCIATIVE CLASSIFICATIONijwscjournal
With the explosive growth of the number of services published over the Internet, it is difficult to select satisfactory web services among the candidate web services which provide similar functionalities. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as the most important non-functional criterion for service selection. But this criterion is no longer considered as the only criterion to rank web services, satisfying user’s preferences. The similarity measure (outputs–inputs similarity) between concepts based on ontology in an interconnected network of semantic Web services involved in a composition can be used as a distinguishing criterion to estimate the semantic quality of selected services for the composite service. Coupling the semantic similarity as the functional aspect and quality of services allows us to further constrain and select services for the valid composite services.
In this paper, we present an overall service selection and ranking framework which firstly classify candidate web services to different QoS levels respect to user’s QoS requirements and preferences with an Associative Classification algorithm and then rank the most qualified candidate services based on their functional quality through semantic matching. The experimental results show that proposed framework can satisfy service requesters’ non-functional requirements.
AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH FOR DYNAMIC RECOVERY DECISIONS IN WEB SERVICE COMPOSITIO...ijwscjournal
Service Oriented Architecture facilitates automatic execution and composition of web services in distributed environment. This service composition in the heterogeneous environment may suffer from various kinds of service failures. These failures interrupt the execution of composite web services and lead towards complete system failure. The dynamic recovery decisions of the failed services are dependent on non-functional attributes of the services. In the recent years, various methodologies have been presented to provide recovery decisions based on time related QoS (Quality of Service) factors. These QoS attributes can be categorized further. Our paper categorized these attributes as space and time. In this paper, we have proposed an affinity model to quantify the location affinity for composition of web services. Furthermore, we have also suggested a replication mechanism and algorithm for taking recovery decisions based on time and space based QoS parameters and usage pattern of the services by the user.
Location-Aware and Personalized Collaborative Filtering for Web Service Recom...1crore projects
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5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
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Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
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website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
WEB SERVICES DISCOVERY AND RECOMMENDATION BASED ON INFORMATION EXTRACTION AND...ijwscjournal
This paper shows that the problem of web services representation is crucial and analyzes the various factors that influence on it. It presents the traditional representation of web services considering traditional textual descriptions based on the information contained in WSDL files. Unfortunately, textual web services descriptions are dirty and need significant cleaning to keep only useful information. To deal with this problem, we introduce rules based text tagging method, which allows filtering web service description to keep only significant information. A new representation based on such filtered data is then introduced. Many web services have empty descriptions. Also, we consider web services representations based on the
WSDL file structure (types, attributes, etc.). Alternatively, we introduce a new representation called symbolic reputation, which is computed from relationships between web services. The impact of the use of these representations on web service discovery and recommendation is studied and discussed in the
experimentation using real world web services.
USER-CENTRIC OPTIMIZATION FOR CONSTRAINT WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION USING A FUZZ...ijwscjournal
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem. Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of web service composition easier and more efficient.
User-Centric Optimization for Constraint Web Service Composition using a Fuzz...ijwscjournal
ABSTRACT
Service-Oriented Applications (SOA) are being regarded as the main pragmatic solution for distributed
environments. In such systems, however each service responds the user request independently, it is
essential to compose them for delivering a compound value-added service. Since, there may be a number of
compositions to create the requested service, it is important to find one which its properties are close to
user’s desires and meet some non-functional constraints and optimize criteria such as overall cost or
response time. In this paper, a user-centric approach is presented for evaluating the service compositions
which attempts to obtain the user desires. This approach uses fuzzy logic in order to inference based on
quality criteria ranked by user and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the QoS-aware composition problem.
Results show that the Fuzzy-based Genetic algorithm system enables user to participate in the process of
web service composition easier and more efficient.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
WEB SERVICE DISCOVERY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: A REVIEWijcseit
Web Services are independent software systems which offer machine-to-machine interactions over the
Internet to achieve well-described operations. With the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA),
Web Services have gained tremendous popularity. As the number of Web Services is increased, finding the
best service according to users requirements becomes a challenge. The Semantic Web Service discovery is
the process of finding the most suitable service that satisfies the user request. A number of approaches to
Web Service discovery have been proposed. In this paper, we classify them and determine the advantages
and disadvantages of each group, to help researchers to implement a new or to select the most appropriate
existing approach for Semantic Web Service discovery. We, also, provide a taxonomy which categorizes
Web Service discovery systems from different points of view. There are three different views, namely,
architectural view, automation view and matchmaking view. We focus on the matchmaking view which is
further divided into semantic-based, syntax-based and context-aware. We explain each sub-group of it in
detail, and then subsequently compare the sub-groups in terms of their merits and drawbacks.
CONTEMPORARY SEMANTIC WEB SERVICE FRAMEWORKS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISONSijwscjournal
The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.
SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON DOMINANT ROLE OF THE CHOREOGRAPHYijwscjournal
Web services are playing dominant role on Internet for e-business. The compositions of these services are used to meet business objectives. The web service choreography describes the external observable behavior
of these compositions. Many compositions may available for same functionality. These compositions cannot be distinguished on the basis of functional properties. This Quality of services (QoS) may help the user to select web services and to analyze composition of the web services. Web service choreography is going to dictate implementation of workflow. This workflow consists of several tasks. Each task is implemented by web services. These services are hosted in large numbers by different service providers on different service clusters. The mapping of service and task is difficult issue in run time environment. The interoperability between services is also a great problem. The selection of services is very big issue. In this paper we have proposed a bio-inspired selection algorithm based on dominant role and proposed a discovery infrastructure. We have also used the client behavior to improve the failure of the composition of the service.
SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON DOMINANT ROLE OF THE CHOREOGRAPHY ijwscjournal
Web services are playing dominant role on Internet for e-business. The compositions of these services are
used to meet business objectives. The web service choreography describes the external observable behavior
of these compositions. Many compositions may available for same functionality. These compositions cannot
be distinguished on the basis of functional properties. This Quality of services (QoS) may help the user to
select web services and to analyze composition of the web services. Web service choreography is going to
dictate implementation of workflow. This workflow consists of several tasks. Each task is implemented by
web services. These services are hosted in large numbers by different service providers on different service
clusters. The mapping of service and task is difficult issue in run time environment. The interoperability
between services is also a great problem. The selection of services is very big issue.
SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON DOMINANT ROLE OF THE CHOREOGRAPHY ijwscjournal
Web services are playing dominant role on Internet for e-business. The compositions of these services are
used to meet business objectives. The web service choreography describes the external observable behavior
of these compositions. Many compositions may available for same functionality. These compositions cannot
be distinguished on the basis of functional properties. This Quality of services (QoS) may help the user to
select web services and to analyze composition of the web services. Web service choreography is going to
dictate implementation of workflow. This workflow consists of several tasks. Each task is implemented by
web services. These services are hosted in large numbers by different service providers on different service
clusters. The mapping of service and task is difficult issue in run time environment. The interoperability
between services is also a great problem. The selection of services is very big issue.
SERVICE SELECTION BASED ON DOMINANT ROLE OF THE CHOREOGRAPHYijwscjournal
Web services are playing dominant role on Internet for e-business. The compositions of these services are used to meet business objectives. The web service choreography describes the external observable behavior of these compositions. Many compositions may available for same functionality. These compositions cannot be distinguished on the basis of functional properties. This Quality of services (QoS) may help the user to select web services and to analyze composition of the web services. Web service choreography is going to dictate implementation of workflow. This workflow consists of several tasks. Each task is implemented by web services. These services are hosted in large numbers by different service providers on different service clusters. The mapping of service and task is difficult issue in run time environment. The interoperability between services is also a great problem. The selection of services is very big issue. In this paper we have proposed a bio-inspired selection algorithm based on dominant role and proposed a discovery infrastructure. We have also used the client behavior to improve the failure of the composition of the service.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade. Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit. Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based applications.
Cluster based approach for Service Discovery using Pattern RecognitionYogesh Santhan
Abstract— Web services that are appropriate to a user specific request are usually not considered in discovering the exact service since they are present without explicit related semantic descriptions. In our approach, we deal with the issue of service discovery provided non-explicit service description semantics that match a particular service request. We propose a system that involves semantic-based service categorization which is performed at the UDDI with a key for achieving the service categorization at functional level based on an ontology skeleton. Also, clustering is used for literally systemizing the web services based on functionality which is achieved by using analytic algorithm. An efficient matching for the relevant services is achieved by the enhancing the service request semantically and involves expanding the additional functionality (obtained from ontology) that are related for the requested service. The pattern recognition algorithm is used to select appropriate service from the cluster formation of related (grouped) web services.
QOS OF WEB SERVICE: SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYcscpconf
In today’s scenario, most of the organizations provide the services through the web. This makes the web service an important research area. In addition, early design and building web services, it is necessary to concentrate on the quality of web services. Performance is an important quality attributes that to be considered during the designing of web services. The expected
performance can be achieved by proper scheduling of resources and scalability of the system. Scalability is a desirable attribute of a process computer system or network. Poor scalability
can result in lacking system performance. Hence, in this paper, we have reviewed the literature available for the quality attributes of performance and scalability and identified the issues that
affect the quality attributes related to Web Services
Similar to AN ARCHITECTURE FOR WEB SERVICE SIMILARITY EVALUATION BASED ON THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND QOS ASPECTS (20)
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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AN ARCHITECTURE FOR WEB SERVICE SIMILARITY EVALUATION BASED ON THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND QOS ASPECTS
1. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
DOI : 10.5121/ijwsc.2011.2201 1
AN ARCHITECTURE FOR WEB SERVICE SIMILARITY
EVALUATION BASED ON THEIR FUNCTIONAL AND
QOS ASPECTS
Mahsa Jamal Vishkaei1
, Ahmad Baraani-Dastjerdi and Kamal Jamshidi2
1
Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sheikhbahaee, Isfahan, Iran
vishkaei@shbu.ac.ir
2
Department of Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
{ahmadb, jamshidi}@eng.ui.ac.ir
ABSTRACT
By increasing popularity of SOC, using Web services in applications has increased too. SOC creates a
loosely coupled environment in which the actual execution environment might differ significantly from the
one with the presupposed conditions during application design. Therefore, although an appropriate Web
service might have been selected, by passing time, the Web service may not be efficient enough or may
not be applicable under specific conditions.
For service-oriented systems to be flexible and self-adaptive, it is necessary to automatically select and
use a similar service instead of the one which causes the above mentioned problems. Finding a similar
service means specifying the proper services which fulfill the same requirements as those fulfilled by the
problematic service.
In most of the previous works, a number of the best services (k) are selected and ordered based on
functional similarity. The user must select one of these services based on his/her preferences. One
important metric in selecting a similar service is considering QoS properties and user preferences about
QoS. Because of the importance of this issue, in the present paper, an architecture is proposed in which,
in addition to functional similarity, QoS properties and user preferences are also considered in selecting
a similar service.
KEYWORDS
Web service, Self-adaptive, Functional Similarity, QoS Similarity &User Preferences
1. INTRODUCTION
“SOC promotes the idea of assembling application components into a network of services that
can be loosely coupled [1] and Web services are currently the most promising SOC based
technology [2]. Web services act dynamically in such an environment and therefore, there could
be real-time changes in service status such as service unavailability and service quality decline.
Such problems may reduce quality or cause failure in processes and applications which use such
services. This makes the service consumer to go through the process of rediscovering a service
similar to the initial one which could also fulfill the previous requirements. Such a process is
much time-consuming. A flexible and self-adaptive Service-oriented system must be able to
automatically select the similar services and introduce them to the user so that the user does not
have to go through the difficulties of discovering similar services. The present work offers a
solution in providing similar services automatically whenever there is a problem in initial
service availability. Similar services are considered those which have a close functionality and
QoS to the initial one. In the process of finding similar services, after finding some services
which have the most functional similarity, the important metric for the user is to select the
service which has a satisfactory level of QoS. For Web services users, considering QoS issues is
2. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
2
critical since there is a direct relationship between the quality of an application consisted of
Web services and the quality of each consisting service. Thus, finding a similar service does not
only encompass considering functional features, but also QoS related properties. For this
purpose, there is a need to seek a way to know the user’s preferences about QoS. In most studies
such as [3,4,5,6], finding similar services is based on functional similarity in which a number of
the best services (k) are selected and introduced to the user. The user then has to select one of
them based on his/her preferences about QoS.
The represented method in this paper, considers QoS properties and user preferences about these
properties in addition to functional similarity. Considering QoS properties results in a different
rating of functionally similar services and, as a result, the best possible selection is done based
on functionality and quality.
Using QoS properties, results in a selection based on another important aspect of services which
optimizes service selection. In case of any changes in QoS properties of services, the system
adapts itself to environmental conditions and automatically selects the best similar service. To
gain service quality information, a four layered architecture is introduced in this article which
monitors services and stores this information for future use. When there is a request to find a
similar service, the first step is to examine services based on functional similarity. The
functionally similar services are then examined based on quality and user preferences. At last,
services are rated based on all the above similarity metrics. Accuracy is increased by using
statistical methods. In addition, each functional and QoS similarity has a weight which could be
changed based on user’s opinion and environmental conditions which makes the final decision
flexible.
User QoS preferences are derived using SLA (Service Level Agreements). SLA is a commonly
used mechanism to express Quality features [7]. In the present work, the attempt is to introduce
a new method in which: first, using SLA, user-defined parameters and their values are derived
and used automatically after discovering functionally similar services; second, the final decision
is flexible based on functionality and quality metrics. Thus, the present study attempts to find a
similar service based on two aspects.
The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces related works. Section 3 explains the
QoS model that refers to QoS properties which used for quality evaluation of service. Next,
Section 4, presents our Architecture for similarity evaluation in detail. Finally we get conclusion
in section 5.
2. RELATED WORKS
Similarity search for Web services, also called Web service retrieval, occupies an important
place in SOC and several related works could be found regarding the issue. Generally, there are
three major groups of methods for finding similar services. In the first group, there exists a
group of previously chosen similar services; when a service fails to work at runtime, it is
replaced by another based on user context or QoS [8,9]. In the second group, similar services
are selected dynamically [3,4,5,6]. In the third group, the external behavior of a Web service
like execution paths or its conversations with other services is considered. In this group, because
of lack of information about external behavior of services in their description, service check is
done in composition process [10,11,12,13,14].
The second group is considered basic for this article. The reason is, the methods in this group
base their work on information existent in service description (WSDL) rather than concerning
external behavior or defining a new model for service representation or even choosing similar
services in advance. In works [3,4,5,6], calculating similarity is based on functional aspects only
3. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
3
and therefore, the user needs to do further refinement pertaining to important QoS features. In
[3], both syntactic and semantic aspects of a Web service that could be derived from WSDL are
considered. Semantic aspects are related to the purpose of a Web service which is in turn related
to the names assigned to the entire service and syntactic aspects are based on input/output
structures and data type adaptations. In [4], a search engine named Woogle is established for
Web services which uses textual similarity of methods and its parameters in order to examine
service similarity. The key element of Woogle is clustering algorithm for identifying the
relationships among the terms adopted in the all published Web services. It then compares the
concepts encompassing input/output parameters as a measure of similarity. In [5], finding
similar services is based on domain-independent and domain-specific ontology. In order to
specify domain-independent relations, after a series of pre-processes, WordNet thesaurus is
used. Deeper relations based on industry and application-specific terms are found using domain-
specific ontology and after that, related terms are found based on rule based inference. Matches
due to the two methods are combined to determine an overall similarity score. In [6], because of
inefficiency of catalogue style service discovery methods, a new method has been developed in
which similarity is sought via comparing the two WDSLs. In this article, in order to find the
similarity between two WSDL descriptions, a series of complementary methods are introduced.
These methods examine, on the one hand, data type structures, messages and operations and, on
the other hand, the meaning of identifiers and natural language descriptions. These methods
combine classical information retrieval and WordNet-based technique to increasing the
precision of the retrieval mechanism.
From the first group, work [15] could be mentioned in which, the assumption is that there is a
series of functionally similar services from which, one service is selected based on QoS. It uses
preferences networks to represent user preferences and to decide upon QoS using such
preferences. The work does not mention how to obtain user preferences but indicates that these
preferences can be defined at three levels of low, medium and high. Such a definition cannot be
accurate enough since different people may have different conceptions of these three levels.
3. THE QOS MODEL
The term “QoS” was used for the first time in the networking community by Crawley [16]. In
SOC, QoS encompasses a number of qualities or service properties like availability, security,
response time and throughput [17]. Generally speaking, QoS attributes are divided into two
groups: deterministic and non-deterministic [18]. Deterministic attributes are those that their
value is known before a service is invoked, like price or supported security protocols. Non-
deterministic attributes are those which their accurate value is unknown until the service is
invoked, like response time.
In this section, some QoS attributes are introduced which are used to evaluate the extent of
similarity among Web services from quality point of view. These features are defined under
specific conditions, for example they must be measurable, being measurable means that they
could be measured through monitoring mechanisms, to name the most important. Stated simply,
the purpose here is to use non-deterministic features. This results in a real evaluation of services
in operational environment and thus has an important role in finding similar services. To create
a general open model for evaluating QoS, there is also a need to consider features with a high
percentage of generality among QoS features of Web services which their desired value is
mentioned in SLA so that user preferences are discovered automatically. In this article, those
features used to measure QoS similarity are called “metrics”. These metrics include Availability
(A) and Response time (R). It is also possible to add other features later.
4. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
4
4. THE ARCHITECTURE
The architecture proposed in this section finds similar services to the initial service (Sq) based
on functional and QoS similarity. This architecture is composed of four layers (Figure 1).
QoS
Similarity Analyzer
Functional
Similarity
Monitoring
Figure 1: Architecture
The monitoring layer monitors Web services in the service repository (∑ = {Sp}) and stores
obtained data in a Database. In functional similarity and QoS similarity layers, functional and
QoS similarity of the Web services in the repository are evaluated compared to Sq. The analyzer
layer coordinates all the layers and makes the final decision. This layer communicates with the
external user and receives requests to find similar services and sends the final answer to the
user.
In this architecture, functional similarity is examined through WSDL. Services are examined for
QoS through monitoring QoS metrics of all services in repository and storing obtained data.
This is followed by evaluating QoS similarity of monitored services with user specified QoS
metrics related to Sq through the specification of user preferences about QoS metrics. An
examination of the stored information is done through monitoring operation and the degree of
similarity between QoS metrics of services with user preferences is identified. Not all services
need to be checked at this stage. Only those services whose functional similarity is greater than
a defined threshold are examined. Finally, services are rated based on the degree of similarity
obtained from two different aspects. Furthermore, this rating is done in a flexible manner and
thus, the best possible similar services are found and offered to the user. The component
diagram of the architecture is presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Component Diagram
5. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
5
Details about each layer are presented in the following sections.
4.1. The monitoring layer
The monitoring layer identifies and stores the QoS information of Web services. One of the
problems of the current Web services is their QoS information not being mentioned in their
description [17,19]. As a result, there is a need to find a way to monitor services and get such
information dynamically so that it could be used in future.
To get the required QoS information, the method for monitoring services in the repository ∑ =
{Sp}, must:
1. Have the ability to get the required information using Web service description (WSDL),
since, the code and implementation of the service is generally invisible to users;
2. Not need to do any change to the Web service;
3. Be independent form Web service provider and be applicable to all Web services.
In most works about QoS in Web services, the way to get and evaluate these features is not
mentioned; for example, in [20], the UDDI repository for associate QoS to specific Web service
is extend without any mentioning of how such values were obtained. In [21], analyzing and
estimating the performance of Web services is based on simulation i,e, invoking a Web service
under low load conditions and transforms these testing results into simulation model and uses
the model to estimate service excepted performance in heavy load. Because Web services act
dynamically, it does not seem that methods based on estimation be much accurate. [22] also
proposes a framework for QoS monitoring and analysis. This work considers communication
level monitoring via SOAP messages interception but has not detail about it and is mostly
concerned with analyzing the information. In [23] selecting services is based on QoS and it tries
to integrate QoS into Web service technology. But again in this work nothing is mentioned
about the way to get and evaluate QoS attributes.
After studding the existing methods and the above mentioned requirements, the method in [24]
was found suitable. This method is Non-intrusive, it measures QoS properties dynamically and
in a bootstrapping way and, in addition, completely service independent and does not have
access to Web service implementation. The measurement technique in this method is client-side
which is independent from the service itself and the service provider. In client-side technique it
is enough to have access to Web service description to get the QoS features of the service while
server-side technique need to access the Web service’ source code. Based on what mentioned
before, the latter is not a suitable technique here. [24] uses aspect-oriented programming (AOP)
which allows weaving performance measurement aspects. Thus, this approach could be used as
an independent package for monitoring services and recording the required information.
Availability (A) and response time (R) metrics of services could also be measured using this
method. It is noticeable that using this method should be so that extra loads are not imposed on
services. If all services are monitored all the time, a huge amount of information must be stored;
in addition, extra loads may be forced on services. To prevent this, it is necessary to reduce the
amount of data without distorting its integrity. This is achieved by sampling in monitoring and
data storage. Services are monitored randomly or in static time intervals. A scheduler
component, in which scheduling policies are defined, is in charge of sampling. This process is
continued by collecting the measured features for each service and storing the data in a Data
base and using this data when necessary. When QoS data are collected, it needs to be processed
to fulfill its particular purpose. The processing of data could be online or offline or a
combination of both [25]. In online processing, the data are processed immediately and in
offline processing the data are processed after being stored. Offline processing has the
advantage that the data could be studied from various viewpoints. In the present work, based on
the objectives of the study and the defined usage for the data, offline processing was preferred.
6. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
6
4.2. The functional similarity layer
The functional similarity layer checks the degree of functional similarity between services in
repository (∑ = {Sp}) and Sq. Checking functional similarity means finding those services that
do the similar task to service Sq. The main source to be used here is WSDL description. The
required information can be obtained from main parts of the WSDL, i.e portType, operation and
message. After receiving the WSDL of Sq, its similarity to the services in the repository (∑ =
{Sp}) is measured and each service is rated based on its functional similarity. Those services
that their degree of similarity is higher than the threshold are chosen and named as services
S1..Sk. In the next step, the vector of F = (fs1, fs2, …, fsk) is created for services S1.. Sk from their
functional similarity. Services S1..Sk and vector F are then sent to the analyzer layer.
As mentioned in section 2, in works [3,4,5,6] the similarity between two Web services is
measured from functional point of view. In this section, one of these methods is selected for
evaluating functional similarity between Web services as follows.
In [4], terms are considered as a package of words and similarity is measured based on TF/IDF
measure, the concepts are inferred from terms and the similarity among these concepts is
noticed. The weakness of this work is that it is possible to send only one method to the Web
service. In [5] the focus is only on words and the structure of the WSDL is not considered which
is the weakness of this method. [6], like [3], uses a recursive method in measuring similarity
between service description elements but its weakness is not considering the number of
operations and parameters of Web services. Work [3] does not have the above mentioned
problems and is accurate enough; therefore it is used in the present work to measure functional
similarity. The latter method considers both syntactic and semantic aspects of Web services that
could be derived from WSDL. Semantic aspects are related to the purpose of the Web service
which is itself related to the names assigned to the entire service like the names of operations,
parameters, port types, parts and inputs and outputs of its methods. Syntactic aspects are related
to the conformance between input and output structures and the consistency among data types.
4.3. The QoS similarity layer
The QoS similarity layer measures the degree of QoS similarity of services in repository ∑ =
{Sp} to Sq. Achieving this goal requires calculating the vector of user preferences (Puq = (auq,ruq))
about service QoS features for Sq in which auq indicates availability and ruq indicates response
time. The next step is to evaluate the quality status of services using the information calculated
and stored by the monitoring layer. It is noticeable that only those services which are
functionally similar to Sq are examined here. In section 4.3.1. how to calculate Puq and in section
4.3.2. how to measure QoS similarity are discussed.
4.3.1. User preferences about QoS
For Web service users, considering quality issues are very important because the quality of
applications consisting of Web services has a direct relationship with the quality of each service.
Therefore, there is a need to calculate Puq. One method is using SLA. By using SLA, one can
automatically become aware of user preferences when choosing Sq and use them in finding
similar services. SLA is actually a kind of contract in which different metrics for quality is
defined [17]; for example, the average response time should be less than 0.5 second or the
availability of a service must be more than 99.0 %.
In order to use SLA, it is necessary to use one of its defined standards. One standard is WSLA
(Web Service Level Agreement) [7] that is a formal language for expressing SLA in which the
agreement is made at service level.
The basic parts of a WSLA are as follows [7]:
7. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
7
1. Parties and their roles: provider, consumer and third parties;
2. SLA parameters: service object specifications like response time, throughput, etc. ;
3. Service Level Objectives (SLO): promises made about SLA parameters, obligations of
each party and actions taken if these promises and obligations are not observed.
It is obvious that in order to realize user preferences and to make the Puq vector about service
specifications, one must use the third part of WSLA i.e. SLO. In WSLA, it is possible to define
arbitrary parameters. It is also possible to have different definitions for the same parameter like
availability. In order for this article to be comprehensive, for each parameter, only one
definition is used and in all WSLAs for different services it is interpreted the same. In order to
understand better, notice a sample SLO in Figure 3.
<ServiceLevelObjective name="Conditional SLO For AvgThroughput">
<Obliged>ACMEProvider</Obliged>
</Validity>
<Expression>
<Implies>
<Expression>
<Predicate xsi:type="Less">
<SLAParameter> Response Time</SLAParameter>
<Value>10</Value>
</Predicate>
</Expression> part 1
<Expression>
<Predicate xsi:type="Greater">
<SLAParameter>AvgThroughput</SLAParameter>
<Value>1000</Value>
</Predicate>
</Expression>
</Implies>
</Expression>
<EvaluationEvent>NewValue</EvaluationEvent>
</ServiceLevelObjective>
Figure 3. A sample SLO
As is seen in Figure 3, part 1 shows the extent considered for QoS parameters that could be used
to find the most similar service in QoS to the initial one. For each attribute, it is specified that
the desired value must be greater or lower than the mentioned number. For example, for the
average throughput, a number greater than 1000 and for response time, a number less than 10 is
specified. This is how the vector of Puq for WSLA concerning Sq is created.
In WSLA, it is possible to define parameters at both method-level and service-level. In this
work, the assumption is that parameters are defined at service-level and in addition the WSLA
between service provider and service consumer for each Web service is stored in Database.
4.3.2. Evaluating QoS similarity
In this section, examining services from QoS point of view is discussed. In order to evaluate
QoS similarity of services with user preferences about Sq, it is necessary to communicate with
the analyzer layer. Through this communication, services S1..Sk and the WSLA of Sq (WSLAsq)
are received and the QoS similarity of services that are functionally similar to Sq are evaluated.
The vector of Puq is filled with the average availability and the average response time values
from WSLAsq. To evaluate the degree of QoS similarity, it is also necessary to use the data
stored for services S1..Sk by the monitoring layer. The average availability (asj) and the average
response time (rsj) for services S1..Sk are calculated using the stored data and put into matrix M
(Figure 4). In recovering the monitored data and calculating the average availability and the
average response time a number of recently stored data (w) are used. The purpose is considering
the most recent service behavior so that if the service has been acting well previously but not
recently, such a fact makes a difference in decision making and at the end the best possible
selection is done.
8. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
8
( )
kjr
w
ra
w
awhere
ra
ra
M
n
wnx
sjxsj
n
wnx
sjxsj
sksk
ss
...1,
1
,
1
1
11
=∀==
=
∑∑ −=−=
MM
sjxa : Xth
stored data for servicej
, n : total stored data , w : number of recently stored data
sja : average availability for servicej
, sjr : average response time for servicej
Figure 4
Calculating the similarity of vector Puq and matrix M is actually a calculation in Euclidean space
in which Puq and each element of M are like points in space with two dimensions of A and R. It
is noticeable that data in Puq specifies the two desirable thresholds for availability and response
time from user’s point of view; this means that the user prefers service availability be greater
than auq and service response time be less than ruq; the more difference between these two, the
more satisfied the user. Therefore, Euclidean distance could be used to calculate similarity
between Puq and M.
In using Euclidean space, if there is great difference among data values or there is a difference
in measurement units of specifications, it is necessary to normalize the data; this assures
assigning the same weight to all specifications [26]. Here, because of the difference between the
measurement scales of availability and response time, Puq and M data must be normalized. The
normalization is done using the min-max relation [26], formula 2. For example, if the minimum
and the maximum values for A are minA and maxA respectively, and (a) is the old value of A,
based on formula 2, the new value of A, in the new range, (new_minA, new_maxA), is a'.
( ) ( )2min_min_max_
minmax
min
` AAA
AA
A
newnewnew
a
a +−
−
−
=
For each element of Puq and M, formula 2 is used to create P'uq and M' (Figure 5). Here, the new
range is [0, 1].
=
sksk
ss
ra
ra
M
``
``
`
11
MM( )uququq raP `,` `
= ,
uqkj ∧=∀ ..1
12
1
`
rr
rr
r
sj
sj
−
−
= ,,
12
1
`
aa
aa
a
sj
sj
−
−
=where
},,,,min{ 211 sksuq rrrrr L=},,,,min{ 211 sksuq aaaaa L= ,
},,,,max{ 212 sksuq rrrrr L=},,,,max{ 212 sksuq aaaaa L= ,
Figure 5
9. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
9
The degree of similarity can now be calculated using Euclidean distance. Calculating similarity
is done using QSim in Formula 3 and the answer is stored in Q vector (Figure 6).
( )
=≥−=
=≤−=
=∀+==
0)``()``(
0)``()``(
)3(
..1,]`[,`][ 22
relserrifrrr
aelseaaifaaa
where
kjrajMPQSimjQ
sjuqsjuq
sjuqsjuq
uq
Figure 6
4.3.3. Optimization
Calculating the similarity between P'uq and M' cannot be only based on average availability and
average response time since high data variation from these two may affect accuracy. Therefore,
in order to increase accuracy, it is necessary to consider the degree of variation from average as
well. Thus, in calculating similarity between P'uq and M', coefficient of variation (CV) is used.
Low CV shows consistency among data and high CV shows inconsistency among them [27].
Using data in (or By having a set of data objects) X = {x1,x2,…,xn}, CV is calculated through
formula 4 [27] :
( )4
1
, 1
2
_
1
_
_
−
−
===
∑∑ ==
n
xx
s
n
x
xwhere
x
s
CV
n
i
i
n
i
i
Therefore, in order to increase accuracy in calculating QoS similarity, the CV value for each of
the availability metric (cva) and response time metric (cvr) is calculated for services S1.. Sk from
data stored in monitoring through the time span previously mentioned. These numbers are put
into QSim (P'uq,M'[j]) in (3) and (5) is created:
)5(..1;
11
M`[j]),(P`QSimQ[j] 22
uq kjr
cv
a
cv ra
=∀+==
The Q vector shows the degree of similarity of each service to P'uq. To increase accuracy, the
assumption is that cva and cvr are less than one. It is possible that any element of Q be out of
[0,1] range, therefore it is necessary to put them back in the boundary using (2). The new vector
is named Q' and its elements are named as qsj; thus Q' is represented as Q'(qs1,qs2,…,qsk). Now
the final decision is made using Q' and the results of functional similarity evaluation.
4.4. The analyzer layer
The analyzer layer is responsible for coordinating all the layers and producing the final result.
This layer communicates with external user and receives requests for finding similar services
and sends the final answer to the user. When a request to find similar services to Sq is received,
the analyzer sends the WSDL of Sq to the functional similarity layer, which checks for
functional similarity. The result is a list of services S1..Sk together with their degree of similarity
to Sq which is sent back to the analyzer. Notice that this result has the form of F =
(fs1,fs2,…,fsk). The analyzer then sends the list of services (S1..Sk) to the QoS similarity layer,
which has to check for QoS similarity. It also sends the specific WSLA based on the requesting
party, the provider and Sq. the QoS similarity layer produces the result in the form of Q' in
which the extent of QoS similarity of services S1…Sk to Puq is presented. In the analyzer layer
10. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
10
the overall similarity of services S1…Sk and Sq is calculated by creating a matrix of Skx2whose
columns are filled with functional and QoS similarity values previously calculated (Figure 7).
=
kk qs
qs
qs
fs
fs
fs
S
MM
2
1
2
1
Figure 7
Finally, the overall similarity of services S1…Sk to Sq is calculated in the analyzer layer as
follows and services are ranked and ordered. The overall similarity means both functional and
QoS similarity at the same time.
4.4.1. Calculating the overall similarity
In order to calculate the overall similarity and ranking services, it is necessary to consider
functional and QoS similarities and their degree of importance. Therefore, in analyzer, a weight
is assigned to functional and QoS similarities. This weight is applied through W = [w1,w2]
where w1 stands for functional similarity and w2 stands for QoS similarity and w1+w2=1. w1 is
always greater than w2 because the purpose is to find a service which does the same work with
good quality. Of course these weights could be changed based on the type of work and user’s
opinion. Total similarity ranking of services S1…Sk to Sq is done using (6).
)6(],[ 21
2
1
2
1
ww
qs
qs
qs
fs
fs
fs
A
kk
score
×
=
MM
Each element of Ascore
is calculated based on (7).
)7(..,21 kijqswfswA jj
score
j =∀×+×=
Based on total similarity rank, score
jA , services are ranked and ordered. The service with the
highest value of score
jA is the most similar and its rank is ‘first’; similarly, a list of ranked
services based on score
jA is created and sent to the user.
5. CONCLUSION
There could be real-time changes in service status such as service unavailability and service
quality decline in SOC environment. For service-oriented systems to be flexible and self-
adaptive, it is necessary to automatically select and use a similar service instead of the one which
causes problems and introduce them to the user so that the user does not have to go through the
difficulties of discovering similar services. The present work offers a solution in providing
similar services automatically whenever there is a problem in initial service availability.
One important metric in selecting a similar service is considering QoS properties and user
preferences about QoS. Because of the importance of this issue, in this work, an architecture is
proposed in which, additional to functional similarity, QoS properties and user preferences are
also considered in selecting a similar service.
11. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.2, June 2011
11
In our architecture to check functional similarity, WSDL of services is used. Checking
functional similarity means finding those services that do the similar task. To check QoS
similarity, all services in the repository are monitored and the results are stored in a Database.
After automatically obtaining user preferences about QoS, QoS similarity of services to user
preferences is checked. In order to increase accuracy in QoS similarity check, statistical methods
are used. Total similarity is calculated based on functional and QoS similarity in a flexible way.
Considering QoS properties results in a different rating of functionally similar services and, as a
result, the best possible selection is done based on functionality and quality.
In future works, the objective is to extend QoS model with deterministic parameters like cost,
security, etc.
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