The document summarizes and analyzes the Supreme Court verdict on Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized homosexual acts. It discusses the perspectives of both the LGBTQ community and the Supreme Court. The LGBTQ community sees Section 377 as violating their fundamental rights to equality and dignity. However, the Supreme Court maintained that the section is constitutional and does not interfere with personal liberty. The document analyzes this debate through the lenses of individualism, feminism, social construction of gender, and cognitive dissonance theory to understand the implications for individuals and society. It concludes that while both sides make valid legal arguments, the best solution is to amend Section 377 through parliamentary legislation.
Stand your ground laws have been adopted in 24 states since 2004. These laws remove the duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense outside the home. While supporters argue they give people the right to defend themselves, critics say they promote unnecessary violence and can be applied in vague, unpredictable ways. The document examines how high-profile cases like Trayvon Martin's death have brought attention to the issues with stand your ground laws. It argues these laws make it too easy to kill without consequence and should be repealed.
This document discusses educational and social issues faced by LGBT students in U.S. schools. It finds that LGBT students experience high rates of harassment, bullying, and physical assault based on their sexual orientation. This leads to increased absenteeism, lower academic performance, and higher dropout rates for LGBT students compared to their heterosexual peers. The document also examines what policies and school programs, such as Gay-Straight Alliances and supportive staff, have been shown to help improve the school experience and performance of LGBT students.
The document discusses LGBT rights and why the author supports them. The author cares about LGBT rights because they have friends and family members who are part of the LGBT community. The author feels people should be accepted for who they are regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. The document also discusses international symbols of LGBT rights like the rainbow flag. It describes organizations like the Human Rights Campaign that advocate for LGBT equality and celebrities that support their cause. The author is doing a school project on LGBT rights by making posters and merchandise to raise money for the Human Rights Campaign. In closing, the author asks if the reader will help support LGBT rights.
This document discusses discrimination faced by the LGBT community and efforts to promote equality. It provides statistics showing high rates of bullying, family rejection, and mental health issues among LGBT youth. It outlines types of discrimination like abuse and unfair treatment. The document also summarizes how Section 15 of the Canadian constitution protects against LGBT discrimination, especially in workplaces and schools. It stresses the importance of education to promote understanding and acceptance of LGBT individuals.
LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which was used to replace the term gay in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.[1] Activists believed that the term gay community did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred.[
A PERENNIAL DEBATE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND EXTENT OF GOVERNANCEBiswajit Das
The problem faced by the society can only be addressed by the society itself. The members are part of it. It is the collective duty and responsibility of the society to address its problems but it is only those members, who are informed, conscious, empowered and vigilant, who have to shoulder its collective responsibility to address its ills by making the other part of the society aware and informed by constructively and effectively engaging them in the progression of the society.
Stand your ground laws have been adopted in 24 states since 2004. These laws remove the duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense outside the home. While supporters argue they give people the right to defend themselves, critics say they promote unnecessary violence and can be applied in vague, unpredictable ways. The document examines how high-profile cases like Trayvon Martin's death have brought attention to the issues with stand your ground laws. It argues these laws make it too easy to kill without consequence and should be repealed.
This document discusses educational and social issues faced by LGBT students in U.S. schools. It finds that LGBT students experience high rates of harassment, bullying, and physical assault based on their sexual orientation. This leads to increased absenteeism, lower academic performance, and higher dropout rates for LGBT students compared to their heterosexual peers. The document also examines what policies and school programs, such as Gay-Straight Alliances and supportive staff, have been shown to help improve the school experience and performance of LGBT students.
The document discusses LGBT rights and why the author supports them. The author cares about LGBT rights because they have friends and family members who are part of the LGBT community. The author feels people should be accepted for who they are regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. The document also discusses international symbols of LGBT rights like the rainbow flag. It describes organizations like the Human Rights Campaign that advocate for LGBT equality and celebrities that support their cause. The author is doing a school project on LGBT rights by making posters and merchandise to raise money for the Human Rights Campaign. In closing, the author asks if the reader will help support LGBT rights.
This document discusses discrimination faced by the LGBT community and efforts to promote equality. It provides statistics showing high rates of bullying, family rejection, and mental health issues among LGBT youth. It outlines types of discrimination like abuse and unfair treatment. The document also summarizes how Section 15 of the Canadian constitution protects against LGBT discrimination, especially in workplaces and schools. It stresses the importance of education to promote understanding and acceptance of LGBT individuals.
LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which was used to replace the term gay in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.[1] Activists believed that the term gay community did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred.[
A PERENNIAL DEBATE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND EXTENT OF GOVERNANCEBiswajit Das
The problem faced by the society can only be addressed by the society itself. The members are part of it. It is the collective duty and responsibility of the society to address its problems but it is only those members, who are informed, conscious, empowered and vigilant, who have to shoulder its collective responsibility to address its ills by making the other part of the society aware and informed by constructively and effectively engaging them in the progression of the society.
A Debate of the Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Argument Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against Death Row
Argument Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Argument Against the Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against Death Penalty
Death Penalty Arguments
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalizes "unnatural offenses" including homosexual acts. While some argue this section is ambiguous or unconstitutional, others label homosexuality as unnatural based on religious and cultural beliefs. However, major health organizations have removed homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses after empirical studies found it is a normal variation of human sexuality. Although Section 377 is an outdated colonial law from 1861, views in India remain closed to changing ideas around sexuality and gender. The Supreme Court has refused to repeal Section 377, claiming it is up to the legislature, but policies are often made in parliament for political gains rather than justice. For the author, interference in private consensual acts and restricting who one can love is unnatural,
The document provides background information on the history of the death penalty and the Supreme Court case that initially ruled it as cruel and unusual punishment. It discusses how the death penalty originated thousands of years ago and was used by various ancient civilizations and empires for punishments. In the US, it was used by the colonies and continued into the 20th century. The document outlines the 1972 Supreme Court case of Furman v. Georgia where the court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional due to arbitrariness in sentencing. This led to a moratorium until Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 upheld guided discretion statutes, allowing the death penalty to continue with certain guidelines.
The document discusses the meaning and importance of the phrase "We the People" in the US Constitution. It provides three key points:
1) "We the People" establishes that the government's power comes from the people and that it must respect individual rights and be limited in scope.
2) The Constitution includes provisions like checks and balances, separation of powers, and the Bill of Rights to prevent abuse of government power.
3) These foundational principles are still highly relevant today in limiting government overreach and protecting civil liberties, though some argue the federal government has grown beyond what the founders envisioned.
CAB Coup
The Opposition is caught napping as the controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 gets parliamentary approval. The protests against its discriminatory clauses expose its flaws and minority fears. The Supreme Court remains the only hope to salvage India’s secular credentials
Promoted Tweets, Accounts, and Trends on Twitter allow businesses to target audiences and increase exposure. Promoted Tweets reach current and potential followers, Trends appear prominently on timelines for mass exposure, and Promoting Accounts builds communities to engage with and spread messages. Analytics also provide tracking of ad activity and customer behavior to improve campaigns. Businesses are only charged for engagement with Promoted content.
Weekend Getaway Bakeri Group - Real Estate Campaign Idea & Promotion PlanNikhil Saraf
This document provides a campaign idea and promotion plan to sell residential plots. The objective is to position the plots as providing a promise of a weekend home in nature for rest and family time. The promotion plan uses a multi-pronged approach across various media channels like television, print, radio, outdoor, and online to maximize outreach. Key target audiences are males aged 35-45 years with families and high incomes living in Ahmedabad. The plan outlines strategies for each media including identifying appropriate programs, publications, and platforms to engage the target demographic.
Kiehl's Case Study - Company & Industry Analysis vis-a-vis Men's Grooming Nikhil Saraf
Analyzed the status of Kiehl’s:
- SWOT analysis of the Kiehl’s brand when it comes to male beauty products
- Business performance
- Products (packaging, visuals, ranges, geography, claims, USP <unique>)
- Market share and ranking
- Positioning and image
- Pricing
- Consumers
- PR & Digital strategy
- Retail strategy
- Merchandising
- In-store & online activities
[Entry for Loreal Brandstorm 2014]
The document describes unconventional uses for plungers including using them as toilet paper holders, clothes hangers, book shelves mounted on walls, ash trays, and even devices for catching rats and roaches. It suggests that plungers can be used for fun activities like parties and can solve problems that have occurred since 1932, implying plungers have many unexpected practical and entertaining purposes beyond their normal function of unclogging drains.
The document argues that cannabis should be legalized and regulated similarly to alcohol. It notes that cannabis was legally consumed in India until 1985 and is still legally consumed during some Hindu festivals. The document advocates that cannabis should be legally sold but with restrictions on activities like driving under its influence, and it should not be sold to children.
Pharma Sales and Distribution Management in India - OverviewNikhil Saraf
This document provides an overview of the pharmaceutical sales and distribution management structure in India. It describes the organizational structure including heads of various business units and therapeutic areas. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of various sales, marketing and training positions. It also describes processes for recruitment, evaluation, promotion and training of sales representatives. Finally, it discusses supply chain management practices around distribution, inventory management and relationships with distributors.
Sales Force Training at Arrow Electronics - Case AnalysisNikhil Saraf
Arrow Electronics is a broadline distributor of electronics and semiconductor components. It began in 1935 and is now one of the largest distributors in the US. Arrow implemented the Sprouts program in the 1980s to hire and train recent college graduates as salespeople. This was done to address high turnover, lack of training, and hiring issues. The Sprouts program provided structured training but still had attrition issues as graduates were recruited by competitors. Arrow later implemented Pathways to continue recruiting and training college graduates, formalizing the process. It aims to address the shrinking industry pool and bring new talent into the salesforce.
Economic analysis of independent film making in IndiaNikhil Saraf
This document discusses independent filmmaking in India, including the value chain and key players involved. It outlines several requirements for independent cinema to thrive, such as film festivals, dedicated venues, and audience building initiatives. It then examines various aspects of the independent film process in more detail, from development and financing to distribution models. Crowdsourcing is presented as an emerging method for independent film production. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the economic considerations and challenges of the independent film industry in India.
Analysis of the issue of fair dealing : India TV vs YashRaj & Saregama vs Via...Nikhil Saraf
Analysis of the issue of Fair Dealing / fair use as not infringing the Copyright Act using the cases:
(1) Delhi High Court - Judgment 21st Aug, 2012 India TV Independent News Services Pvt. Ltd & Ors v Yasraj Films Pvt Ltd.
(2) Saregama India Ltd. v Viacom 18 Motion Pictures & Ors. (March 2013)
Media Planning for Kiehl's :
- The Media, Advertising, Consumer Relationship
- Brands, Markets and Consumer Understanding
- Objective setting and Budgets
- Media Weights and Scheduling Strategies
- Consumer Engagement and Digital Media
- Principles of Planning Media Strategy
- Media Mix decisions
- Media Plan
Integration Marketing Communication Plan - Dunkin donutsNikhil Saraf
Dunkin Donuts focuses on providing quick, no-frills service and simplicity for its target demographic of working professionals and families aged 18-45. Its ideal customer enjoys the coffee and doughnut combination for an easy morning breakfast or snack. Dunkin Donuts appeals to customers who prefer convenience and routine over flashy marketing. The document then proposes repositioning Dunkin Donuts to focus on offering healthy but indulgent snacks for busy working parents and their families through a new product line of nut-topped doughnuts and a marketing campaign centered around the theme of "Going Nuts".
The document analyzes Coca-Cola's "Liquid & Linked" content strategy, which is based on the idea that stories spread value through owned, earned, shared, and paid media, with social media at the heart. It discusses eight principles of the strategy, including embracing customers as a new sales force, listening and engaging, thinking big but starting small and scaling fast, prioritizing speed over perfection, disrupting or being disrupted, not accepting the status quo, playing well with others, and giving consumers shareworthy content to feel like stars. It cites examples from brands like IKEA, Nike, and Gatorade that exemplify the strategy.
Asian Paints has a strong social media presence across Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube and its website. Its recent campaigns like #HusbandsAreUseless and #speechless have significantly increased engagement on Facebook and Twitter. While content generation is a strength, channels are not always optimized for visibility. Opportunities exist in leveraging festivals to drive sales and growing followers on newer platforms like Pinterest and Instagram. The strategy proposed focuses on creating emotional connections through relationships-based content, synchronizing campaigns across channels, and empowering homeowners with virtual design tools.
Group 14 presented a market analysis and brand strategy for a proposed men's grooming brand called Infititas. The global men's grooming market is valued at $433 billion and growing at 3% annually. Key opportunities include skin care, fragrances, and hair care. Infititas would target busy urban professionals aged 25-35 seeking convenient, multi-functional grooming solutions. The brand's essence is "Simplified solutions for men's grooming" and it would differentiate by being a specialist brand exclusively focused on solving men's grooming needs quickly and conveniently.
More Related Content
Similar to An analysis of the Supreme Court verdict on Sec 377
A Debate of the Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Argument Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against Death Row
Argument Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Argument Against the Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Against The Death Penalty Essay
Arguments Against Death Penalty
Death Penalty Arguments
Arguments Against The Death Penalty
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalizes "unnatural offenses" including homosexual acts. While some argue this section is ambiguous or unconstitutional, others label homosexuality as unnatural based on religious and cultural beliefs. However, major health organizations have removed homosexuality from the list of mental illnesses after empirical studies found it is a normal variation of human sexuality. Although Section 377 is an outdated colonial law from 1861, views in India remain closed to changing ideas around sexuality and gender. The Supreme Court has refused to repeal Section 377, claiming it is up to the legislature, but policies are often made in parliament for political gains rather than justice. For the author, interference in private consensual acts and restricting who one can love is unnatural,
The document provides background information on the history of the death penalty and the Supreme Court case that initially ruled it as cruel and unusual punishment. It discusses how the death penalty originated thousands of years ago and was used by various ancient civilizations and empires for punishments. In the US, it was used by the colonies and continued into the 20th century. The document outlines the 1972 Supreme Court case of Furman v. Georgia where the court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional due to arbitrariness in sentencing. This led to a moratorium until Gregg v. Georgia in 1976 upheld guided discretion statutes, allowing the death penalty to continue with certain guidelines.
The document discusses the meaning and importance of the phrase "We the People" in the US Constitution. It provides three key points:
1) "We the People" establishes that the government's power comes from the people and that it must respect individual rights and be limited in scope.
2) The Constitution includes provisions like checks and balances, separation of powers, and the Bill of Rights to prevent abuse of government power.
3) These foundational principles are still highly relevant today in limiting government overreach and protecting civil liberties, though some argue the federal government has grown beyond what the founders envisioned.
CAB Coup
The Opposition is caught napping as the controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 gets parliamentary approval. The protests against its discriminatory clauses expose its flaws and minority fears. The Supreme Court remains the only hope to salvage India’s secular credentials
Similar to An analysis of the Supreme Court verdict on Sec 377 (7)
Promoted Tweets, Accounts, and Trends on Twitter allow businesses to target audiences and increase exposure. Promoted Tweets reach current and potential followers, Trends appear prominently on timelines for mass exposure, and Promoting Accounts builds communities to engage with and spread messages. Analytics also provide tracking of ad activity and customer behavior to improve campaigns. Businesses are only charged for engagement with Promoted content.
Weekend Getaway Bakeri Group - Real Estate Campaign Idea & Promotion PlanNikhil Saraf
This document provides a campaign idea and promotion plan to sell residential plots. The objective is to position the plots as providing a promise of a weekend home in nature for rest and family time. The promotion plan uses a multi-pronged approach across various media channels like television, print, radio, outdoor, and online to maximize outreach. Key target audiences are males aged 35-45 years with families and high incomes living in Ahmedabad. The plan outlines strategies for each media including identifying appropriate programs, publications, and platforms to engage the target demographic.
Kiehl's Case Study - Company & Industry Analysis vis-a-vis Men's Grooming Nikhil Saraf
Analyzed the status of Kiehl’s:
- SWOT analysis of the Kiehl’s brand when it comes to male beauty products
- Business performance
- Products (packaging, visuals, ranges, geography, claims, USP <unique>)
- Market share and ranking
- Positioning and image
- Pricing
- Consumers
- PR & Digital strategy
- Retail strategy
- Merchandising
- In-store & online activities
[Entry for Loreal Brandstorm 2014]
The document describes unconventional uses for plungers including using them as toilet paper holders, clothes hangers, book shelves mounted on walls, ash trays, and even devices for catching rats and roaches. It suggests that plungers can be used for fun activities like parties and can solve problems that have occurred since 1932, implying plungers have many unexpected practical and entertaining purposes beyond their normal function of unclogging drains.
The document argues that cannabis should be legalized and regulated similarly to alcohol. It notes that cannabis was legally consumed in India until 1985 and is still legally consumed during some Hindu festivals. The document advocates that cannabis should be legally sold but with restrictions on activities like driving under its influence, and it should not be sold to children.
Pharma Sales and Distribution Management in India - OverviewNikhil Saraf
This document provides an overview of the pharmaceutical sales and distribution management structure in India. It describes the organizational structure including heads of various business units and therapeutic areas. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of various sales, marketing and training positions. It also describes processes for recruitment, evaluation, promotion and training of sales representatives. Finally, it discusses supply chain management practices around distribution, inventory management and relationships with distributors.
Sales Force Training at Arrow Electronics - Case AnalysisNikhil Saraf
Arrow Electronics is a broadline distributor of electronics and semiconductor components. It began in 1935 and is now one of the largest distributors in the US. Arrow implemented the Sprouts program in the 1980s to hire and train recent college graduates as salespeople. This was done to address high turnover, lack of training, and hiring issues. The Sprouts program provided structured training but still had attrition issues as graduates were recruited by competitors. Arrow later implemented Pathways to continue recruiting and training college graduates, formalizing the process. It aims to address the shrinking industry pool and bring new talent into the salesforce.
Economic analysis of independent film making in IndiaNikhil Saraf
This document discusses independent filmmaking in India, including the value chain and key players involved. It outlines several requirements for independent cinema to thrive, such as film festivals, dedicated venues, and audience building initiatives. It then examines various aspects of the independent film process in more detail, from development and financing to distribution models. Crowdsourcing is presented as an emerging method for independent film production. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the economic considerations and challenges of the independent film industry in India.
Analysis of the issue of fair dealing : India TV vs YashRaj & Saregama vs Via...Nikhil Saraf
Analysis of the issue of Fair Dealing / fair use as not infringing the Copyright Act using the cases:
(1) Delhi High Court - Judgment 21st Aug, 2012 India TV Independent News Services Pvt. Ltd & Ors v Yasraj Films Pvt Ltd.
(2) Saregama India Ltd. v Viacom 18 Motion Pictures & Ors. (March 2013)
Media Planning for Kiehl's :
- The Media, Advertising, Consumer Relationship
- Brands, Markets and Consumer Understanding
- Objective setting and Budgets
- Media Weights and Scheduling Strategies
- Consumer Engagement and Digital Media
- Principles of Planning Media Strategy
- Media Mix decisions
- Media Plan
Integration Marketing Communication Plan - Dunkin donutsNikhil Saraf
Dunkin Donuts focuses on providing quick, no-frills service and simplicity for its target demographic of working professionals and families aged 18-45. Its ideal customer enjoys the coffee and doughnut combination for an easy morning breakfast or snack. Dunkin Donuts appeals to customers who prefer convenience and routine over flashy marketing. The document then proposes repositioning Dunkin Donuts to focus on offering healthy but indulgent snacks for busy working parents and their families through a new product line of nut-topped doughnuts and a marketing campaign centered around the theme of "Going Nuts".
The document analyzes Coca-Cola's "Liquid & Linked" content strategy, which is based on the idea that stories spread value through owned, earned, shared, and paid media, with social media at the heart. It discusses eight principles of the strategy, including embracing customers as a new sales force, listening and engaging, thinking big but starting small and scaling fast, prioritizing speed over perfection, disrupting or being disrupted, not accepting the status quo, playing well with others, and giving consumers shareworthy content to feel like stars. It cites examples from brands like IKEA, Nike, and Gatorade that exemplify the strategy.
Asian Paints has a strong social media presence across Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, YouTube and its website. Its recent campaigns like #HusbandsAreUseless and #speechless have significantly increased engagement on Facebook and Twitter. While content generation is a strength, channels are not always optimized for visibility. Opportunities exist in leveraging festivals to drive sales and growing followers on newer platforms like Pinterest and Instagram. The strategy proposed focuses on creating emotional connections through relationships-based content, synchronizing campaigns across channels, and empowering homeowners with virtual design tools.
Group 14 presented a market analysis and brand strategy for a proposed men's grooming brand called Infititas. The global men's grooming market is valued at $433 billion and growing at 3% annually. Key opportunities include skin care, fragrances, and hair care. Infititas would target busy urban professionals aged 25-35 seeking convenient, multi-functional grooming solutions. The brand's essence is "Simplified solutions for men's grooming" and it would differentiate by being a specialist brand exclusively focused on solving men's grooming needs quickly and conveniently.
The document discusses barriers to eye care services faced by Aravind Eye Care and their efforts to overcome them. Cultural and perceptual barriers include stereotypes, lack of education, transportation issues, age, acceptance of services, and costs. Aravind addresses these barriers through community outreach like home visits, screening camps, vision centers, and partnerships. Their solutions propose a holistic approach including policy advocacy, community education starting in childhood, low-budget awareness campaigns, engaging leaders, and linking rural hospitals to larger sites.
This document analyzes trends in the coffee retail industry in India. It discusses key consumer segments for coffee, including young professionals, business travelers, and intellectuals. A survey found that coffee consumption is highest among 18-25 year olds, graduates, professionals, and individuals with incomes under 5 lakh rupees. Coffee consumption varies by gender, age, education, and occupation. Customers prioritize price, quality, flavor, experience, and comfort when selecting coffee retailers. The outlook for the coffee sector in India is positive due to growing incomes and urbanization driving demand for coffee shop experiences.
Nestle Refrigerated Foods: Contadina Pasta & Pizza (A) - Case AnalysisNikhil Saraf
Nestle Refrigerated Foods (NRFC) was considering extending its successful Contadina pasta brand into refrigerated pizza. It had two options for the pizza product: "Pizza with Toppings" or "Pizza Only". Research showed the "Pizza with Toppings" concept was more popular with consumers but pricing may be too high. NRFC followed guidelines to develop new products through idea generation, testing, and evaluation. While the large pizza market presented an opportunity, launching the product required addressing challenges of price positioning and competition from Kraft.
Amazon.com - Company Analysis (OD & HRM)Nikhil Saraf
This document provides an overview of Amazon.com, Inc. including its business description, products and services, global presence, financials, competitors, and recent milestones. It also analyzes Jeff Bezos as the entrepreneur who founded Amazon and established its culture of metrics, low prices, and continuous innovation. The document discusses Amazon's shift to using software-based recommendations and its focus on proprietary technology and infrastructure to gain a competitive advantage.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaintsseoglobal20
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...lawyersonia
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...Massimo Talia
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdfveteranlegal
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
An analysis of the Supreme Court verdict on Sec 377
1. An analysis of the
Supreme Court verdict on
Sec 377
Nikhil Saraf
2. "This is our lives. There is no question of giving this up. I was asked by a reporter today,
"isn't it daunting to fight the Supreme Court?” Do you know what's daunting, it is that
moment when you are 15 and you are terrified of who you are. If we have survived that, the
Supreme Court does not know what fear looks like. In the long course of human history,
dignity only moves forward, and it will move forward in this case." (Bhan, 2013)
- Gautam Bhan, A lawyer and an activist
The Indian Supreme Court on the 11th of December 2013 set aside the Delhi High court
order and upheld the legality of Sec 377 of the India Penal Code (IPC) leading to a an
uproar by the Indian community at large not only nationally but globally. However, the above
quote perfectly summarises what we as individuals often fail to realize amidst the hullabaloo,
making it one of the most relevant and hard hitting truths to come out of the judgement.
Section 377 was imposed and written by the British in 1860 and maintained that there is
distinction between natural and non-natural sexual acts and the section criminalises the latter.
(Purewal, 2013) Now, the Delhi High Court on 2nd
July 2009 in responding to a petition,
repealed Sec 377 of IPC on the grounds that “discrimination on sexual orientation is not
permitted under Article 15” and “that it violates Articles 21 [Right to Protection of Life and
Personal Liberty]”. (Srivastava, 2013) While the Supreme Court in its ruling maintained that
the Section in no way violated article 14, 15 and 21 of the constitution (Menon, 2013)
leading to the conclusion and the cause of the uproar that the Supreme Court ruling had in
effect criminalised gay sex.
Welcome to the 21st
century where wordplay is king and most of the meaning is lost in
translation. In the two articles selected, one is an interview published in the New York Times
3. (Vats, 2013) of the acclaimed gay activist and petitioner Gautam Bhan, taken right after the
judgement and reflects his views on the matter. The article is particularly moving as we get a
firsthand account of the plight of the community and its stand rather than a superfluous public
outrage. Given this, the other article taken to analyse the issue is one authored by Shinder
Purewal and published in Straight.com (Purewal, 2013), a Vancouver based news source
which talks in favour of the Supreme Court verdict. Again, the piece doctored is extremely
significant as it clarifies how the Supreme Court is in no way responsible and should not be
blamed for the ruling as it merely says that “The section does not suffer from any
constitutional infirmity”, (Purewal, 2013) providing no decision or an opinion on the issue of
homosexuality.
Having been an active witness to the unfurling of this epic court battle through the sidelines
of social media, I as member of the society don’t carry any sort of prejudice against a
particular community and maintain that each individual has the right to choose for himself. I
strongly believe that the judgement and the Section 377 itself has been misconstrued and
misinterpreted as it was aimed at the society at large and not towards a particular set of
individuals; however the whole situation does open up a larger debate about the acceptance
and fate of homosexuals in the country and that is the debate I’d like to engage in.
The entire event can be analysed upon the basis of certain theories and frameworks which
equip us with lenses to understand what the actions mean and what implications they have on
the individual, the society and mankind at large. Some of the lenses used to dissect the issue
at hand and its consequent analysis have been discussed hereafter.
“To know what you prefer instead of humbly saying Amen to what the world tells you you
ought to prefer, is to have kept your soul alive.” ― Robert Louis Stevenson, An Inland
Voyage
4. Individualism can be defined to be the stance taken by an individual that highlights his
moral worth, is not affected by any social group or state and opposes external reference upon
one’s interest. As the individual is the fabric of any society or group, it is imperative to take
into account his or her views first and then only move forth.
When viewed through this, we can say that each individual has the right to choose who it
interacts with, what community it belongs to and more importantly how it identifies itself.
These sentiments are echoed in the statements of Gautam Bhan too when he says, “... no
matter what the personal morality of Indian citizens around sexuality, they also have a
constitutional morality.” (Vats, 2013) Thus, in effect the constitution by empowering people
with fundamental rights acknowledges this thought. However, the conflict arises when the
same constitution contains a section that views gay sex as unnatural. Though what constitutes
as natural and unnatural is an entirely different debate altogether because if we go by the law
, it is impossible to miss the notions of patriarchy so deeply entrenched within the system
which deems only the “penile-vaginal” act as natural. (Purewal, 2013)
Not yet moving on from the individual, the analysis remains incomplete if we don’t talk of
the ideas provoked by feminism, majorly that of equality; especially when talking of the
fundamental rights of the individual. The first one that comes to mind is the ‘Right to
equality’, one of the rights under scanner in view of the entire case.
“The most important thing about the previous judgment was that it unequivocally said that
queer Indians are people of equal dignity, of equal rights and of equal stature... the court
does not confer rights, it merely confirms rights. In that sense, the court did not give us our
rights and it cannot take our rights away from us.” – Gautam Bhan
While the High Court verdict in 2009 claimed that Section 377 violated the right to equality
(Article 14), the Supreme Court maintained that “...if the view expressed by the high court is
5. taken to its logical conclusion, any provision could be declared to be violative of Article 14.”
(Menon, 2013) Causing conflict between the way law was interpreted by the two identities.
Now, from the individual moving on to the second level, that is the society, we talk of the
theories that are impacted by how the community thinks and at large and its implications.
Many people believe that gender and its role is a socially created phenomenon which defines
what is wrong and what is right. This becomes extremely important with respect to the issue
at hand as gender by definition means, “Culturally and socially constructed difference
between men and women (as indicated by terms such as 'gender affairs' and 'gender politics')
that varies from place to place and time to time.” (Gender) In light of this when we view
gender as a continuum, the queer community doesn’t seem to confine to the prerequisites or
the socially and culturally set norms in India; therefore violating the very fabric of gender. It
is this acceptability and a change in this social construct that the LGBTQ community seeks at
least in the Indian context starting with wider acceptability and decriminalisation of gay sex.
The treatment met to LGBTQ community brings forth to mind one of the most subtle yet
cruel theories there is, the Muted Group Theory which talks about the communication
patterns of non dominant cultural groups, specially they way they are silenced. A prominent
example that comes to mind is that of Shuvajit, a part of the community who stresses on the
way offices have become nightmares for queers. He states, “For example, who do you
complain to if you feel humiliated by the words and action of a colleague? In fact, wouldn't
you think twice before complaining when most of your other colleagues don't find anything
offensive in what was just done/said?” (Shuvajit, 2013) But Bhan says that community “is not
silent, closeted or afraid anymore”. He maintains that it might have been so ten years ago but
now the dynamics have changed and such an event as the recent ruling will only give the
community more voice.
6. Finally, talking of two theories that sum up the arguments presented and put to rest the
reasons for the ongoing debate are the Standpoint Theory which takes into account the stand
we take and how that effects the way we see the world and the Cognitive Dissonance
Theory that says conflicting cognitions or thoughts/ideas/beliefs create mental discomfort
and we as individuals are constantly working towards reducing this dissonance.
The Supreme Court has taken the stand summed up by Shinder Purewal as that of upholding
the concept of separation of powers, checks and balances. It has not interfered with the
correctness of Section 377 but merely on the High Court judgement. While the LGBTQ
community views 377 as something that’s against the very fabric of nature, their existence
and society. Thus, both have contradictory standpoints regarding the same article and neither
can be deemed wrong. The varying standpoints also form the basis of cognitive dissonance as
the verdict is a cause of conflict for the LGBTQ community for being in direct contrast with
what they believe to be true and hence, the community protests as a whole in order to reduce
this dissonance and get the law changed.
In conclusion, I believe that both the sides are correct. The Supreme Court is right in
producing the judgement as it abided by the law while the queer community is also correct as
such a law and that too so archaic shouldn’t exist in the first place. The only solution possible
is to work our way through the judiciary and get Section 377 amended by the Parliament, the
sole body which has the power to do so. I view the entire incident in positive light as it gave
the LGBTQ community a reason to come out in the public and affirm their existence. It has
forced people to think, take a note of them and address an issue which wouldn’t have
otherwise been possible. As I think more and more about the issue, the one argument that
lingers on in my head is the one made by Bhan which said that the legal relevance of the
entire issue can be decided by the Supreme Court but the social relevance will be decided by
7. us; in retrospect that’s what the entire movement is about, to decide the social relevance of it
all.
8. References
Bhan, G. (2013, December 13). Verdict 377: Gautam Bhan – “This is our life. There is no question of
giving up.”. Retrieved from The Alternative: http://thealternative.in/inclusivity/verdict-377-
this-is-our-life-there-is-no-question-of-giving-up-gautam-bhan/
G.S.Singhvi. (2013). CIVIL APPEAL NO.10972 OF 2013. Supreme Court of India.
Gender. (n.d.). Retrieved from Business Dictionary:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/gender.html#ixzz2nsJUnUdR
Menon, S. (2013, December 14). Sreelatha Menon misreading laws and judgments. Retrieved from
Business Standard: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/sreelatha-menon-
misreading-laws-and-judgments-113121400686_1.html
Purewal, S. (2013, December 12). Shinder Purewal: Supreme Court of India is not to blame for ruling
on homosexual sex. Retrieved from Straight.com:
http://www.straight.com/news/548301/shinder-purewal-supreme-court-india-not-blame-
ruling-homosexual-sex
Shuvajit. (2013, December 11). SC ruling on 377: It makes office a nightmare for queers. Retrieved
from Firstpost: http://www.firstpost.com/living/sc-ruling-on-377-it-makes-office-a-
nightmare-for-queers-1281795.html
Srivastava, P. (2013, December 11). 7 Reasons the Supreme Court didnt strike down 377. Retrieved
from LegallyIndia: http://www.legallyindia.com/201312114184/Constitutional-law/7-
reasons-the-supreme-court-didnt-strike-down-377
Vats, V. (2013, December 11). A Conversation with: Lawyer and Activist Gautam Bhan. Retrieved
from International New York Times: http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/11/a-
conversation-with-lawyer-and-activist-gautam-bhan/?_r=0
9. News Article against the motion:
Vats, V. (2013, December 11). A Conversation with: Lawyer and Activist Gautam Bhan. Retrieved
from International New York Times: http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/11/a-
conversation-with-lawyer-and-activist-gautam-bhan/?_r=0
News article for the motion:
Purewal, S. (2013, December 12). Shinder Purewal: Supreme Court of India is not to blame for ruling
on homosexual sex. Retrieved from Straight.com:
http://www.straight.com/news/548301/shinder-purewal-supreme-court-india-not-blame-
ruling-homosexual-sex