An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the average life span of human being. Elderly is the individual over 65 years old who have functional impairment.

1. ELDERLY
PRESENTER:
SAKSHI

2. INTRODUCTION A man’s life is normally divided into five main
stages
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age
In all these stages an individual has to find himself
in different situations and face different problems.

3. DEFINITION
Old age
An age in years of a particular individual which reaches or surpasses the
average life span of human being.
Elderly is the individual over 65 years old who have functional
impairment.

4. DEFINITION
Greek: gerus = old age iatrea = treatment
• Geriatrics: A branch of medicine that deals with the problems and
diseases of old age and aging people.
• Gerontology: Comprehensive study of aging and the problems of the
aged.
• Old age: Period of life when impairment of physical and mental
functions becomes increasingly manifested in comparison to the
previous years of life.

6. THE PROCESS OF AGING
Consider the biological, social, and psychological changes in aging

7. PHASES OF AGING
• Young-old (approximately 65–74),
• Middle-old (ages 75–84)
• Old-old (over age 85)

8. CONT…
• Today’s young-old age group is generally happier,
healthier, and financially better off than the young-old
of previous generations. In the United States, people
are better able to prepare for aging because resources
are more widely available.

9. THE PROCESS OF AGING
The process of aging is a lifelong process and entails
maturation and change on physical, psychological, and
social levels.

10. AGING CYCLE

11. BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
• Each person experiences age-related changes based on many factors.
Biological factors such as molecular and cellular changes are called
primary aging, while aging that occurs due to controllable factors such
as lack of physical exercise and poor diet is called secondary aging.
• Most people begin to see signs of aging after age 50, when they
notice the physical markers of age. Skin becomes thinner, drier, and
less elastic. Wrinkles form. Hair begins to thin and gray. Men prone to
balding start losing hair. The difficulty or relative ease with which
people adapt to these changes is dependent in part on the meaning
given to aging by their particular culture.

12. BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
A culture that values youthfulness and beauty
above all else leads to a negative perception of
growing old. Conversely, a culture that reveres the
elderly for their life experience and wisdom
contributes to a more positive perception of what
it means to grow old.

13. BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
He effects of aging can feel daunting, and sometimes
the fear of physical changes (like declining energy, food
sensitivity, and loss of hearing and vision) is more
challenging to deal with than the changes themselves.
The way people perceive physical aging is largely
dependent on how they were socialized. If people can
accept the changes in their bodies as a natural process
of aging, the changes will not seem as frightening.

14. SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
CHANGES
Retirement—the idea that one may stop working at a
certain age—is a relatively recent idea. Up until the late
19th century, people worked about 60 hours a week and
did so until they were physically incapable of continuing.
In the 21st century, most people hope that at some
point they will be able to stop working and enjoy the
fruits of their labor.

15. PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES IN OLD
AGE
• Life Satisfaction
• Loneliness
• Adjustment and Well-being
• Cognitive Changes

16. DEATH AND DYING
For many teenagers and young adults, losing a
grandparent or another older relative can be the
first loss of a loved one they experience. It may
be their first encounter with grief, a
psychological, emotional, and social response to
the feelings of loss that accompanies death or a
similar event.

17. DEATH AND DYING
Some may look upon death as the natural
conclusion to a long, fruitful life, others may
find the prospect of dying frightening to
contemplate. People tend to have strong
resistance to the idea of their own death, and
strong emotional reactions of loss to the death
of loved ones.

18. CHALLENGES
FACING
THE
ELDERLY
• Poverty
• less income
• Stress
• Emotions
• Family issues
• Mistreatment and Abuse
• Weakness

19. 4 SIMPLE RULES FOR ELDERLY DIET
• Divide the daily food intake into 3 to 4 small meals.
• Should eat foods like fruits, vegetables, which needs
some chewing.
• Advice them to take foods containing fibres like
course cereals & vegetables.
• Avoid fatty foods.

20. MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE & EMPOWERMENT (NODAL
MINISTRY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WELFARE OF THE AGED)
• National policy on older persons – January 1999 –
aims to strengthen their legitimate place in
society and help older people to live the last
phase of their life with purpose, dignity and
peace. – provides a broad framework for inter
sectoral collaboration and cooperation both
within the government as well as between
government and non-governmental agencies.

21. IDENTIFIED A NUMBER OF AREAS
OF INTERVENTION
Areas of intervention
Financial security
 Health care and nutrition
Shelter
Education
Welfare
Protection of life and property etc

22. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OLDER
PERSONS
• Chairperson of the Minister of State for Social Justice and
Empowerment (1999)
• To operationalise the National Policy on Older Persons.
• Esignated office for receiving suggestions, complaints and
grievances from individual older persons.

23. SCHEMES OF THE MINISTRY
• Scheme of Assistance to Panchayati Raj
Institutions/Voluntary Organizations/ Self Help Groups
for construction of old age homes/multi service
centres for older persons – Up to 90% of the cost of
the project indicated in the scheme will be provided
by the Government of India and the remaining shall be
borne by the organization/ institution concerned.

24. OLD AGE PENSION FOR THE
GENERAL PUBLIC
• Indira Gandhi national old age pension scheme (IGNOAPS)
• 19th November, 2007
• All BPL families
• All persons of 65 years or above • Central Assistance at the rate of
Rs. 200-300 per month per beneficiary.

25. ANNAPURNA
Free food grains (wheat or rice) upto 10 Kg. Per month
are provided to older persons
65 years or above who are otherwise eligible for old age
pension under the National Old Age Pension
Scheme,but are not receiving it.

26. • Insurance schemes Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
• 1st April 2008
• To provide health insurance coverage for BPL families.

27. VARISTHA MEDICLAIM POLICY
• Covers hospitalization and domiciliary hospitalization
expenses
• Expenses for treatment of critical illnesses
• Coronary artery surgery, cancer, renal failure, stroke,
multiple sclerosis and major organ transplants.
Paralysis and blindness are covered at extra premium.

28. PREVENTION
• Primordial prevention
• Pre geriatric care
• Regular & moderate physical activity
• Optimum nutrition
• Abstain from smoking & alcohol avoid self medication
• Making hobbies of reading, writing, listening to music
• Financial security in adulthood itself –OASIS (Old age
social & income security.

29. ROLE OF NURSE