The document summarizes aspects of French colonization in North America, including:
1) The French established fur trading relationships with Native American tribes like the Huron and engaged in the lucrative fur trade, which helped grow New France's population to 15,000 by 1700.
2) Jesuit missionaries played an important cultural role by learning Native languages and customs to convert tribes to Catholicism, gaining their respect through demonstrations of "magic" and surviving torture.
3) French colonial authority was centralized, with military, civil, and religious officials appointed by the crown to govern without colonial assembly representation. Education was limited and religion was tightly controlled.
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonial empires in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous groups, the establishment of settlements, competition with other European powers, relations and alliances with native peoples, and the economic dependence of New France on the fur trade. Key events included the French allying with Algonquians and Hurons against the Iroquois, competition with the Dutch fur trade, growth of the upper country population, and maintaining alliances being critical to containing British colonial expansion.
The document summarizes the development of French colonial empires in North America, focusing on New France and Louisiana. It describes how the French fur trade with indigenous peoples like the Huron led to the establishment of settlements like Quebec and Montreal. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French and groups like the Iroquois, as well as the introduction of African slaves to Louisiana plantations. Religious conversion efforts by Jesuit missionaries are outlined.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous peoples, the establishment of Quebec in 1608, conflicts with the Iroquois Confederacy, the spread of Catholic Jesuit missionaries, and the founding of Louisiana in the late 1600s-early 1700s. It portrayed the French colonial empire as relying heavily on alliances with native groups but also generating conflicts through trade imbalances and military assistance that disrupted existing power structures.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French focused on the fur trade with Native Americans and established colonies in Canada and Louisiana. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French, Native Americans, and other European powers like the British and Dutch in the region.
The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana in the 17th century. In Canada, the fur trade was the primary economic activity and the French formed alliances with some native tribes but alienated the Iroquois. Louisiana was founded to create a trade route between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico but struggled with disease, flooding and a lack of profitable exports. The French had varying relationships with native tribes in different areas, allying with some like the Choctaw while indifferently treating others or competing with enemies like the Chickasaw and English for influence over tribes in the backcountry.
Theme7: American Colonies- France and Englandblknkorbboy
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of French and English colonial empires in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French establishment of fur trading posts along waterways like the St. Lawrence River and their alliances with Algonquin tribes against rival Iroquois tribes. It also covers the founding of Quebec and growth of French settlements in Canada and Louisiana, as well as increasing tensions and wars with English colonists and Iroquois groups over territory and resources.
The document summarizes the French settlements in North America, including Canada, Iroquoia, and Louisiana. It describes how the French settled in Canada along the St. Lawrence River to trade furs with local Algonquin and Iroquoian tribes. They relied on alliances with native groups for survival. The French also established settlements in Louisiana with the goal of expanding the fur trade, though Louisiana struggled with an underdeveloped economy. Conflicts arose between the French, English, Spanish, and various native tribes as they competed for resources and trade in North America.
The document summarizes France's colonial efforts in Canada and Louisiana between the 1600s-1700s. It discusses how the French sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade in Canada, though Indians were more interested in trade than religion. It also outlines the development of the fur trade and conflicts between tribes like the Iroquois and Hurons. The document then summarizes French settlement in Canada and Louisiana, noting the difficulties in populating and developing profitable industries in Louisiana.
The document summarizes the establishment and development of French colonial empires in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous groups, the establishment of settlements, competition with other European powers, relations and alliances with native peoples, and the economic dependence of New France on the fur trade. Key events included the French allying with Algonquians and Hurons against the Iroquois, competition with the Dutch fur trade, growth of the upper country population, and maintaining alliances being critical to containing British colonial expansion.
The document summarizes the development of French colonial empires in North America, focusing on New France and Louisiana. It describes how the French fur trade with indigenous peoples like the Huron led to the establishment of settlements like Quebec and Montreal. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French and groups like the Iroquois, as well as the introduction of African slaves to Louisiana plantations. Religious conversion efforts by Jesuit missionaries are outlined.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 1500s-1700s. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous peoples, the establishment of Quebec in 1608, conflicts with the Iroquois Confederacy, the spread of Catholic Jesuit missionaries, and the founding of Louisiana in the late 1600s-early 1700s. It portrayed the French colonial empire as relying heavily on alliances with native groups but also generating conflicts through trade imbalances and military assistance that disrupted existing power structures.
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French focused on the fur trade with Native Americans and established colonies in Canada and Louisiana. It also discusses the alliances and tensions between the French, Native Americans, and other European powers like the British and Dutch in the region.
The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana in the 17th century. In Canada, the fur trade was the primary economic activity and the French formed alliances with some native tribes but alienated the Iroquois. Louisiana was founded to create a trade route between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico but struggled with disease, flooding and a lack of profitable exports. The French had varying relationships with native tribes in different areas, allying with some like the Choctaw while indifferently treating others or competing with enemies like the Chickasaw and English for influence over tribes in the backcountry.
Theme7: American Colonies- France and Englandblknkorbboy
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of French and English colonial empires in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It discusses the French establishment of fur trading posts along waterways like the St. Lawrence River and their alliances with Algonquin tribes against rival Iroquois tribes. It also covers the founding of Quebec and growth of French settlements in Canada and Louisiana, as well as increasing tensions and wars with English colonists and Iroquois groups over territory and resources.
The document summarizes the French settlements in North America, including Canada, Iroquoia, and Louisiana. It describes how the French settled in Canada along the St. Lawrence River to trade furs with local Algonquin and Iroquoian tribes. They relied on alliances with native groups for survival. The French also established settlements in Louisiana with the goal of expanding the fur trade, though Louisiana struggled with an underdeveloped economy. Conflicts arose between the French, English, Spanish, and various native tribes as they competed for resources and trade in North America.
The document summarizes France's colonial efforts in Canada and Louisiana between the 1600s-1700s. It discusses how the French sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade in Canada, though Indians were more interested in trade than religion. It also outlines the development of the fur trade and conflicts between tribes like the Iroquois and Hurons. The document then summarizes French settlement in Canada and Louisiana, noting the difficulties in populating and developing profitable industries in Louisiana.
The French attempted to establish colonies in North America to trade furs with Native Americans. They set up settlements along the St. Lawrence River in the 1540s but faced hardship from the climate. Over time they were able to establish a fur trade network. As European goods were introduced to Native tribes, their traditional ways of life began to change dramatically. Conflict increased as tribes competed for resources and allegiance with the French and other colonizers.
Europeans enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples in the Americas to exploit natural resources and produce lucrative crops. Africans accompanied conquistadors and helped colonize lands while providing forced labor on plantations and mines. High mortality rates among indigenous peoples increased demand for African slaves, who were seen as better suited for the labor and climate. Approximately 12.5 million slaves endured the traumatic Middle Passage to the Americas between the 15th-18th centuries, establishing slave societies in the Caribbean and Latin America producing sugar, tobacco, and other commodities through brutal conditions. Resistance by slaves was common but punishable by severe whippings, hangings, and other cruel acts sanctioned by slave codes.
The document discusses the French colonial empires of Canada and Louisiana. It describes the French efforts to convert Native Americans in Canada to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade, which often conflicted with the natives' desire to trade instead. It also discusses the Iroquois wars over captives and territory, as well as European trade with Native Americans involving goods exchange for furs. The document then outlines the loss of the Quebec colony to the British, French settlement of Canada, and France's later efforts to develop the Louisiana colony through various companies and volunteers with mixed success.
The French established colonies in North America focused on fur trading. They established good relations with local Indian groups like the Iroquois to help protect their economic interests from other colonial powers. However, European diseases severely impacted Indian populations. The French colony of New France struggled to become self-sustaining due to a lack of economic opportunities and difficulties attracting permanent settlers from France. Conflicts with British colonies eventually led the French to lose most of their North American territories.
Europeans enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples in the Americas to exploit natural resources and produce lucrative crops. Africans accompanied conquistadors and helped colonize lands while providing much-needed labor as disease killed many native people. While England used indentured servitude, African slaves were ultimately preferred as they were cheaper and caused fewer issues than white laborers. Africans were captured through raids and wars, and the traumatic transatlantic slave trade brought over 12 million Africans to the Americas, where they faced horrific conditions and punishments on plantations until some revolted for freedom. The Spanish initially controlled the Caribbean and Latin America, but other European powers gained control and imported large numbers of slaves who produced commodities but faced high mortality
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French established fur trading colonies in Canada and Louisiana and cultivated alliances with local Indigenous groups but struggled due to conflicts with other European powers and Indigenous populations over resources and territory. The French relied heavily on trade relationships and diplomacy to maintain their colonial holdings but faced economic and military challenges that weakened their position in North America over time.
The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana in the 16th-18th centuries. They relied on alliances with local Indigenous groups like the Huron for trade and defense against enemies like the Iroquois. The French focused on the fur trade but had difficulty attracting permanent settlers. As a result, French colonial populations grew slowly compared to English colonies. The French administered their North American territories through competing governing bodies, leading to inefficiency and corruption.
This document provides background information on the history of Hispaniola and the development of Haiti. It discusses how:
1) Hispaniola was originally inhabited by the Taino people and later colonized by Spain, before the western portion was ceded to France in 1697.
2) Under French rule the western portion became a very profitable colony known as Saint-Domingue, relying heavily on African slave labor to produce sugar, coffee and other crops.
3) Enslaved Africans practiced Vodou and various rebellions emerged, led by figures like François Mackandal, leading up to the Haitian Revolution and independence in 1804.
The document provides an overview of interactions between English colonists and Native Americans in early American colonies. It discusses how the Puritans viewed the land and Native Americans as savage, and sought to transform both through development and conversion efforts. This led to conflicts, including the Pequot War and King Philip's War, where the Native population was greatly reduced. Over time, the English colonists came to vastly outnumber Native Americans and control their lands.
The French established colonies in North America focused on the fur trade. They shifted their efforts northward to the St. Lawrence Valley, known as Canada, which was well-suited for fur trading due to its thick, valuable furs. The French struggled to attract colonists to New France, with fewer than 250 families emigrating during the 17th century. They established Louisiana in an attempt to link their colonies in Canada and Louisiana and control the North American interior, but Louisiana failed to develop a profitable export and suffered from corruption and mismanagement.
The document discusses the French presence in North America, focusing on Canada and the fur trade. It describes the two main Native American groups, the Algonquian and Iroquoian, and how the French initially allied with the Algonquian. It also discusses the growth of the fur trade between Europeans and Natives, the increasing conflicts between the Iroquois and other tribes, and the role of Jesuit missionaries in New France. Over time, disease and warfare devastated many Native populations like the Huron, though the fur trade continued to be important to the French colonization efforts in places like Canada, Louisiana, and the Mississippi Valley.
The document summarizes the interactions between Puritan colonists and Native American tribes in New England between 1600-1700. The Puritans viewed the landscape as desolate and saw the Indians as their opposite. They wanted to convert the tribes to Christianity and dominate the region. The main tribes in the area were the Mohegan, Pequot, Narragansett, Patuxet, Wampanoag, Nipmuck, and Massachusetts. However, the tribes lacked political unity compared to groups like the Powhatan. There were tensions as the colonists expanded onto native lands.
1) The French originally tried settling close to Spain but were wiped out, forcing them to settle in the safer northern latitudes of North America. The fur trade became crucial to sustaining the French colonies.
2) The French allied with some Native American tribes but made enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy, leading to frequent raids that disrupted French fur trading.
3) Disease and violence escalated in the mid-17th century as the Iroquois launched genocidal attacks, destroying French colonies and other Native villages to replenish their own declining population. The French colonies struggled to be profitable and yielded little return for the investment.
African Resistance and Colonial Domination:The Africans in the Americas| Dr. ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides a summary of African resistance to colonial domination in the Americas over thousands of years. It discusses how the nature of slavery and separation of Africans differed between North America, South America, and the Caribbean, which impacted their ability to organize revolts. It traces the origins of the transatlantic slave trade from Europe's growing power and influence starting in the 1400s, and how slavery was justified by the Catholic Church. The document aims to give the long view of African resistance against oppression across continents over millennia.
- George Whitefield was an Anglican minister who toured the American colonies from 1739-1740, giving outdoor sermons that inspired large crowds. He worked with Benjamin Franklin, who printed Whitefield's sermons, growing his audience and improving colonial morals.
- The Comanches gained control of the Great Plains in the 18th century by acquiring horses and guns through raids. Some Apache tribes moved west to safety in New Mexico, merging with Pueblo tribes. The Lipan Apache allied with Spanish missions in Texas to escape Comanche dominance.
- Fearing foreign encroachment, Spain opened Alta California to colonization in the late 18th century. Over 300,000 native Californians
The document summarizes the interactions between European colonizers and Native Americans in North America, specifically in Canada. It describes how the French established trading partnerships with northern Algonquian tribes for fish, whales, and furs. This broke the Algonquians' alliance with the more aggressive Iroquoian tribes to the south, who partnered with the Dutch. The introduction of European goods and weapons escalated conflicts between tribes. The French took a different approach in Canada than other colonizers, allying with and relying on native warriors. They also had some success in missionary efforts by learning indigenous languages and building churches in native villages.
1) European exploration and conquest in the Americas began in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus arriving in the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia. Over subsequent decades, Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and claimed territory for Spain.
2) Meanwhile, other European powers established colonial holdings in North America, including the French in Canada and the English at Jamestown and Plymouth. Conflicts between these powers eventually led to the French and Indian War in the 1750s, resulting in British control of most of eastern North America.
3) The growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas drove the rise of the Atlantic slave
The indigenous people of the Americas had complex societies prior to European contact, but their populations and cultures were devastated by diseases brought by colonizers and the disruption of their ways of life. Native leaders like Opechancanough tried to maintain their people's traditions and autonomy in the face of English colonization efforts. Similarly, Diego Vasicuio and other priests worked to preserve indigenous religious beliefs despite Spanish attempts to convert native Mexicans to Catholicism. Over time, some native groups were able to establish trading relationships with colonists, though many lost their lands and many were enslaved or killed as European colonial powers exploited the Americas.
Claudia Kincaid provides 10 tips for running away, including choosing a partner with complementary skills, sending a letter home to assure parents of safety, looking for clues around the house to aid escape, running away to a place where you can blend in with others, watching for sources of income, allowing extra hiding time when evading guards, and fitting the escape into a daily routine to avoid detection.
Tip 1 advises to choose a reliable partner who brings complementary skills. Tip 2 suggests sending a letter home to assure parents of safety. Tip 3 stresses fitting the escape into daily routines to avoid suspicion. The remaining tips provide additional advice such as searching for clues, blending into crowds, finding income sources, allowing extra time to hide, keeping plans secret, having a backup plan, and storing bags discreetly.
This document recommends learning English through songs, as it helps with speaking, conversation, vocabulary, pronunciation, listening and grammar skills. It provides a link to a YouTube video called "Learn English Through Song Lesson 4 Common Phrase" that teaches common phrases through the song "Back Home Again." Additional resources for song lyrics and exercises are available on the website listed.
The French attempted to establish colonies in North America to trade furs with Native Americans. They set up settlements along the St. Lawrence River in the 1540s but faced hardship from the climate. Over time they were able to establish a fur trade network. As European goods were introduced to Native tribes, their traditional ways of life began to change dramatically. Conflict increased as tribes competed for resources and allegiance with the French and other colonizers.
Europeans enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples in the Americas to exploit natural resources and produce lucrative crops. Africans accompanied conquistadors and helped colonize lands while providing forced labor on plantations and mines. High mortality rates among indigenous peoples increased demand for African slaves, who were seen as better suited for the labor and climate. Approximately 12.5 million slaves endured the traumatic Middle Passage to the Americas between the 15th-18th centuries, establishing slave societies in the Caribbean and Latin America producing sugar, tobacco, and other commodities through brutal conditions. Resistance by slaves was common but punishable by severe whippings, hangings, and other cruel acts sanctioned by slave codes.
The document discusses the French colonial empires of Canada and Louisiana. It describes the French efforts to convert Native Americans in Canada to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade, which often conflicted with the natives' desire to trade instead. It also discusses the Iroquois wars over captives and territory, as well as European trade with Native Americans involving goods exchange for furs. The document then outlines the loss of the Quebec colony to the British, French settlement of Canada, and France's later efforts to develop the Louisiana colony through various companies and volunteers with mixed success.
The French established colonies in North America focused on fur trading. They established good relations with local Indian groups like the Iroquois to help protect their economic interests from other colonial powers. However, European diseases severely impacted Indian populations. The French colony of New France struggled to become self-sustaining due to a lack of economic opportunities and difficulties attracting permanent settlers from France. Conflicts with British colonies eventually led the French to lose most of their North American territories.
Europeans enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples in the Americas to exploit natural resources and produce lucrative crops. Africans accompanied conquistadors and helped colonize lands while providing much-needed labor as disease killed many native people. While England used indentured servitude, African slaves were ultimately preferred as they were cheaper and caused fewer issues than white laborers. Africans were captured through raids and wars, and the traumatic transatlantic slave trade brought over 12 million Africans to the Americas, where they faced horrific conditions and punishments on plantations until some revolted for freedom. The Spanish initially controlled the Caribbean and Latin America, but other European powers gained control and imported large numbers of slaves who produced commodities but faced high mortality
The document summarizes the history of French colonization in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French established fur trading colonies in Canada and Louisiana and cultivated alliances with local Indigenous groups but struggled due to conflicts with other European powers and Indigenous populations over resources and territory. The French relied heavily on trade relationships and diplomacy to maintain their colonial holdings but faced economic and military challenges that weakened their position in North America over time.
The French established colonies in Canada and Louisiana in the 16th-18th centuries. They relied on alliances with local Indigenous groups like the Huron for trade and defense against enemies like the Iroquois. The French focused on the fur trade but had difficulty attracting permanent settlers. As a result, French colonial populations grew slowly compared to English colonies. The French administered their North American territories through competing governing bodies, leading to inefficiency and corruption.
This document provides background information on the history of Hispaniola and the development of Haiti. It discusses how:
1) Hispaniola was originally inhabited by the Taino people and later colonized by Spain, before the western portion was ceded to France in 1697.
2) Under French rule the western portion became a very profitable colony known as Saint-Domingue, relying heavily on African slave labor to produce sugar, coffee and other crops.
3) Enslaved Africans practiced Vodou and various rebellions emerged, led by figures like François Mackandal, leading up to the Haitian Revolution and independence in 1804.
The document provides an overview of interactions between English colonists and Native Americans in early American colonies. It discusses how the Puritans viewed the land and Native Americans as savage, and sought to transform both through development and conversion efforts. This led to conflicts, including the Pequot War and King Philip's War, where the Native population was greatly reduced. Over time, the English colonists came to vastly outnumber Native Americans and control their lands.
The French established colonies in North America focused on the fur trade. They shifted their efforts northward to the St. Lawrence Valley, known as Canada, which was well-suited for fur trading due to its thick, valuable furs. The French struggled to attract colonists to New France, with fewer than 250 families emigrating during the 17th century. They established Louisiana in an attempt to link their colonies in Canada and Louisiana and control the North American interior, but Louisiana failed to develop a profitable export and suffered from corruption and mismanagement.
The document discusses the French presence in North America, focusing on Canada and the fur trade. It describes the two main Native American groups, the Algonquian and Iroquoian, and how the French initially allied with the Algonquian. It also discusses the growth of the fur trade between Europeans and Natives, the increasing conflicts between the Iroquois and other tribes, and the role of Jesuit missionaries in New France. Over time, disease and warfare devastated many Native populations like the Huron, though the fur trade continued to be important to the French colonization efforts in places like Canada, Louisiana, and the Mississippi Valley.
The document summarizes the interactions between Puritan colonists and Native American tribes in New England between 1600-1700. The Puritans viewed the landscape as desolate and saw the Indians as their opposite. They wanted to convert the tribes to Christianity and dominate the region. The main tribes in the area were the Mohegan, Pequot, Narragansett, Patuxet, Wampanoag, Nipmuck, and Massachusetts. However, the tribes lacked political unity compared to groups like the Powhatan. There were tensions as the colonists expanded onto native lands.
1) The French originally tried settling close to Spain but were wiped out, forcing them to settle in the safer northern latitudes of North America. The fur trade became crucial to sustaining the French colonies.
2) The French allied with some Native American tribes but made enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy, leading to frequent raids that disrupted French fur trading.
3) Disease and violence escalated in the mid-17th century as the Iroquois launched genocidal attacks, destroying French colonies and other Native villages to replenish their own declining population. The French colonies struggled to be profitable and yielded little return for the investment.
African Resistance and Colonial Domination:The Africans in the Americas| Dr. ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides a summary of African resistance to colonial domination in the Americas over thousands of years. It discusses how the nature of slavery and separation of Africans differed between North America, South America, and the Caribbean, which impacted their ability to organize revolts. It traces the origins of the transatlantic slave trade from Europe's growing power and influence starting in the 1400s, and how slavery was justified by the Catholic Church. The document aims to give the long view of African resistance against oppression across continents over millennia.
- George Whitefield was an Anglican minister who toured the American colonies from 1739-1740, giving outdoor sermons that inspired large crowds. He worked with Benjamin Franklin, who printed Whitefield's sermons, growing his audience and improving colonial morals.
- The Comanches gained control of the Great Plains in the 18th century by acquiring horses and guns through raids. Some Apache tribes moved west to safety in New Mexico, merging with Pueblo tribes. The Lipan Apache allied with Spanish missions in Texas to escape Comanche dominance.
- Fearing foreign encroachment, Spain opened Alta California to colonization in the late 18th century. Over 300,000 native Californians
The document summarizes the interactions between European colonizers and Native Americans in North America, specifically in Canada. It describes how the French established trading partnerships with northern Algonquian tribes for fish, whales, and furs. This broke the Algonquians' alliance with the more aggressive Iroquoian tribes to the south, who partnered with the Dutch. The introduction of European goods and weapons escalated conflicts between tribes. The French took a different approach in Canada than other colonizers, allying with and relying on native warriors. They also had some success in missionary efforts by learning indigenous languages and building churches in native villages.
1) European exploration and conquest in the Americas began in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus arriving in the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia. Over subsequent decades, Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and claimed territory for Spain.
2) Meanwhile, other European powers established colonial holdings in North America, including the French in Canada and the English at Jamestown and Plymouth. Conflicts between these powers eventually led to the French and Indian War in the 1750s, resulting in British control of most of eastern North America.
3) The growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas drove the rise of the Atlantic slave
The indigenous people of the Americas had complex societies prior to European contact, but their populations and cultures were devastated by diseases brought by colonizers and the disruption of their ways of life. Native leaders like Opechancanough tried to maintain their people's traditions and autonomy in the face of English colonization efforts. Similarly, Diego Vasicuio and other priests worked to preserve indigenous religious beliefs despite Spanish attempts to convert native Mexicans to Catholicism. Over time, some native groups were able to establish trading relationships with colonists, though many lost their lands and many were enslaved or killed as European colonial powers exploited the Americas.
Claudia Kincaid provides 10 tips for running away, including choosing a partner with complementary skills, sending a letter home to assure parents of safety, looking for clues around the house to aid escape, running away to a place where you can blend in with others, watching for sources of income, allowing extra hiding time when evading guards, and fitting the escape into a daily routine to avoid detection.
Tip 1 advises to choose a reliable partner who brings complementary skills. Tip 2 suggests sending a letter home to assure parents of safety. Tip 3 stresses fitting the escape into daily routines to avoid suspicion. The remaining tips provide additional advice such as searching for clues, blending into crowds, finding income sources, allowing extra time to hide, keeping plans secret, having a backup plan, and storing bags discreetly.
This document recommends learning English through songs, as it helps with speaking, conversation, vocabulary, pronunciation, listening and grammar skills. It provides a link to a YouTube video called "Learn English Through Song Lesson 4 Common Phrase" that teaches common phrases through the song "Back Home Again." Additional resources for song lyrics and exercises are available on the website listed.
Strumenti di Comunicazione Integrata per PMI e Startup Social Engagement List...Saverio Bruno
Alla Social Media Week 2012 di Torino si è svolto un workshop con Enrico Giubertoni, Saverio Bruno e Giusy Congedo, tutti di HootSuite, in cui si è parlato di comunicazione integrata sui social network attraverso specifici strumenti e soluzioni.
Claudia Kincaid's Tips for Running AwayAhamilton1184
Tip 1 advises to choose a reliable partner who brings complementary skills. Tip 2 suggests sending a letter home to assure parents of safety. Tip 3 stresses fitting the escape into daily routines to avoid suspicion. The remaining tips provide additional advice such as searching for clues, blending into crowds, finding income sources, allowing extra hiding time, keeping plans secret, having a backup plan, and storing bags discreetly.
The document summarizes the history of the Spanish Empire from the 15th century to the 19th century. It details the royal lineages of the House of Habsburg and House of Bourbon that ruled Spain during this period. It also lists the territories conquered and battles fought by Spain across Europe, Africa, and the Americas, as well as the treaties signed between Spain and other European powers.
The document discusses the history of French colonialism in North America between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes how the French established trading posts in Canada and the Great Lakes region to participate in the lucrative fur trade with local Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes. The French developed alliances with some tribes but faced opposition from the Five Nation Iroquois Confederacy. Over time the relationship between the French and native tribes became interdependent, though the financial costs of maintaining colonial forts and giving gifts to tribes exceeded the profits from fur trading. This led France to withdraw from some frontier areas in the late 17th century, upsetting both French settlers and native communities who relied on one another.
1. The French established fur trading relationships with northern Algonquian tribes in order to acquire necessities for survival in North America.
2. Trade was important to both the French and native peoples - the French traded goods like guns and textiles, while the natives provided furs and food.
3. The lucrative fur trade helped the French establish prosperous colonies in Canada and advance relationships with tribes like the Iroquois through trade alliances.
The document summarizes the early fur trade between French colonists and indigenous peoples in North America, as well as the establishment and growth of New France. Initially, natives traded furs for goods like metal tools and beads. This increased their environmental impact and competition between tribes. The French claimed the St. Lawrence Valley for strategic reasons including its northern location and harbor. Warfare between the Iroquois and other tribes led to cycles of violence and prisoner taking. By 1700, the population of New France grew to 15,000, though it remained much smaller than English colonies.
The document discusses the indigenous peoples and colonial powers in North America between 1500-1750. It describes the Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples and their territories. It then discusses the developing fur trade between these groups and Europeans like the French and Dutch. The French established alliances with northern Algonquian groups and tried to convert indigenous peoples to Catholicism through Jesuit missionaries. However, the fur trade undermined these religious efforts. The French colony of New France grew to cover much of North America, but the population remained small and dependent on trade alliances with indigenous peoples.
France began establishing colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 1600s, following the successes of Spain and Portugal. French colonial efforts were driven more by state, church, and military interests rather than business. Key French colonial possessions included Canada, Caribbean islands, Louisiana, and parts of India. France lost most of its first colonial empire due to wars with Britain during the 1700s and early 1800s. The fur trade was an important early industry for New France, with the French establishing trading relations with various Native American groups while attempting to convert them to Catholicism.
France had two colonial empires. The first began in 1605 and established Port Royal in North America, expanding through state, church, and military support. The second French colonial empire lasted from 1830 to 1870, growing to over 4 million square miles and 60 million people by 1914 before being reorganized as the French Union.
The document discusses the French colonial empires of Canada and Louisiana. It describes the French efforts to convert Native Americans in Canada to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade, and the conflicts that arose between missionaries and tribes who wanted to prioritize trade. It also discusses the Iroquois wars over captives and territory, as well as the development of the fur trade between Europeans and Native Americans. The document then summarizes the loss of the Quebec colony to the British in 1629, French settlement in Canada, and the founding and difficulties of developing Louisiana as a French colony in the late 1600s-early 1700s.
The document discusses the French colonial empires of Canada and Louisiana. It describes the French efforts to convert Native Americans in Canada to Christianity to facilitate the fur trade, and the conflicts that arose between missionaries and tribes who wanted to prioritize trade. It also discusses the Iroquois wars over captives and territory, as well as the development of the fur trade between Europeans and Native Americans. The document then summarizes the loss of the Quebec colony to the British in 1629, French settlement in Canada, and the founding and difficulties of developing Louisiana as a French colony in the late 1600s-early 1700s.
The document discusses the interactions between European explorers and native populations in New France (Canada) from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes the fur trade relationship that developed between the groups out of mutual economic dependency. It also discusses the negative impacts contact had on native cultures, including epidemic diseases, alcohol abuse, loss of traditional skills, and overhunting of resources. Overall, the document suggests that while the fur trade provided some benefits to natives, the influence of Europeans ultimately led to significant hardships and loss for indigenous populations in the region.
The document summarizes French colonization in North America between the 16th-18th centuries. It discusses how the French settled in North America for safety and trade, particularly the fur trade with local Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes. The French relied on alliances with certain tribes for defense and trade, developing a "middle ground" relationship with some groups. However, disease depleted some tribes' populations, weakening alliances and causing conflicts like the Natchez uprising against French control. The French presence in North America was ultimately dependent on maintaining relationships with indigenous groups.
1) The French established settlements in Canada along the St. Lawrence River to participate in the fur trade with native tribes like the Huron. However, harsh conditions and disease led to early failures.
2) The French allied with northern Algonquian tribes and the Huron tribe, exchanging goods for beaver pelts. However, as resources declined, conflicts increased among tribes.
3) The Iroquois Confederacy drove out other tribes like the Huron for captives and territory, weakening the French alliance network in the process. The French struggled to establish self-sustaining colonies in Canada and Louisiana due to a lack of sufficient colonists and economic success.
The document summarizes French colonization in North America, including the following key points:
1) The Iroquois Confederacy formed between 1570-1600 as an alliance between the Seneca, Onondaga, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga tribes for mutual protection. They became formidable enemies to the French.
2) The fur trade was a major industry starting in the 1500s, with the French trading goods to Native Americans in exchange for beaver pelts and other furs. This trade encouraged further French exploration of North America.
3) In the 1600s, the Dutch also engaged in the fur trade with tribes like the Mohawks, exchanging weapons for fur and making the
- The French established settlements in North America starting in the 16th century, initially focusing on the fur trade with local Indigenous populations like the Iroquoians. Over time, the fur trade had detrimental effects as the Indigenous groups relied more on European goods and placed increasing demands on animal populations.
- The fur trade was an important economic activity for the French, with over 12,000 men involved by 1580. Indigenous peoples did much of the labor of trapping and skinning animals in exchange for goods like alcohol.
- As the fur trade expanded, it disrupted the environment and neighboring Indigenous tribes that did not participate. Trading tribes raided others for more furs to exchange with the French. The French settlements struggled to
Unlike the English and Spanish, the French did not attempt to permanently settle in North America until the 17th century, putting them at a disadvantage. Due to low interest, the only French presence from 1500-1600 were temporary fishing and trading posts. With no government support, French traders had to ally closely with local tribes like the Montagnais, Algonquin, and Huron, and go to war with the Iroquois. The rising fur trade assisted Jesuit missionaries, who were more willing than other orders to learn native languages and cultures. In the late 1600s and 1700s, the French began establishing permanent colonies in Canada and Louisiana to contain English expansion, but many colonists and African slaves died from
History assignment4 american colonies, france and englandLindsay Nelson
The document summarizes the French and English colonial empires in North America, specifically Canada/New France and the Carolinas/Virginia. It describes how the French established fur trading posts along the St. Lawrence River in Canada for the lucrative fur trade. The English colonies of Carolina and Virginia grew due to the profitable cultivation of cash crops like tobacco. Both empires relied on alliances with local Native American tribes but also displaced them from their lands.
The document summarizes French colonization efforts in North America between 1500-1750. It discusses the French fur trade with indigenous peoples like the Iroquois and Montagnais, the establishment of Quebec as a colonial capital due to its harbor and location on the St. Lawrence River, French relations and alliances with Native American groups, challenges with recruiting French colonists, and tensions between colonists and indigenous populations.
The document discusses the history of French colonization in North America. It describes the relationships between the French and indigenous groups like the Iroquois and Algonquian peoples. The French formed alliances with some tribes but were in conflict with the powerful Iroquois Confederacy. The fur trade was important but ultimately the French colonies struggled due to a lack of population growth and financial difficulties supporting the colonies. The French became reliant on indigenous peoples for trade and defense of their territories against the expanding British colonies.
The document summarizes French colonial empires in North America, including New France (Canada) and Louisiana. It discusses how the French established small fur trading posts along the St. Lawrence River in Canada to trade with indigenous peoples for fur and fish. Over time, the French claimed the St. Lawrence Valley as the colony of Canada due to its location, resources, and ability to access the interior via the river. The French allied with and armed local Algonquin and Montagnais tribes, but kept colonial populations small to maintain positive relations with indigenous groups and avoid conflicts. Louisiana was founded in the late 17th century as a rival to British colonies, but like New France relied heavily on indigenous alliances due to its sparse population.
The document summarizes French colonization in North America between 1610-1750. It discusses the French establishing colonies in Canada and forming alliances with local Algonquian tribes against their enemies, the Iroquois. However, converting the native populations to Catholicism proved unsuccessful. The Iroquois grew stronger politically and militarily. Throughout this period, disease, warfare, and the fur trade disrupted and changed native societies. By the late 1600s, the French also established Louisiana in the Mississippi Valley. However, French colonies struggled with poor agricultural production and remained dependent on trade with local indigenous groups for survival.
American colonies history 140 assigmnet #4Desireeh21
The document discusses the early colonial history of North America, focusing on the French and English colonies. It describes the indigenous peoples, including the Iroquois and Algonquian, and how they organized and used the land. It then summarizes the founding and growth of New France by French fur traders and Catholic missionaries seeking to convert native peoples. Finally, it contrasts the more centralized and militaristic nature of French colonial administration under King Louis XIV with the growing English colonies like Carolina.
The French established a presence in North America in the late 16th century by setting up a summer trading post at Tadoussac to trade with Indigenous peoples for fur. This grew their fur trade but also pitted Indigenous nations against each other. In 1609, Champlain allied with local tribes and attacked the Iroquois. While the French and Indigenous peoples relied on each other for trade for much of the 17th century, it also led to alliances and conflicts between them. The Jesuits also played a role, trying to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity by living with tribes to learn their languages and cultures.
The document discusses the early French settlements in North America including:
1) Samuel de Champlain recognized the need to form alliances with local Native American tribes like the Montagnais, Algonquin, and Huron to support the small trading post established in Quebec in 1608.
2) The French settlers depended on the fur trade and good relations with Native Americans but alliances with some tribes created enemies of others like the Iroquois.
3) By the late 17th century, the French expanded further south and west, establishing Louisiana to secure the Mississippi River valley and Gulf of Mexico for France.
The document summarizes the early history of French colonization in North America, including their settlements in Canada and Louisiana between the 16th-18th centuries. It discusses how the French established the fur trade with indigenous peoples and explored the Mississippi River valley. However, the colonies struggled financially and failed to establish profitable export industries. Most early French colonists in Canada were poor, single men who arrived as indentured servants or soldiers.
1) The French established colonies in northern North America in the 16th century to trade furs and fish with local Native American tribes. They formed codependent relationships where the French relied on the Natives for hunting and the Natives relied on the French for goods.
2) Tensions arose between the French-allied northern tribes and the Iroquois tribes to the south. The fur trade began to change Native culture and overhunting depleted beaver populations.
3) The French expanded further inland, establishing trading posts like Quebec. They allied with tribes for military support against other Natives and the Dutch/English. This arms trade increased Native desire for guns, altering the balance of power.
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Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspirationgreendigital
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Sagagreendigital
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
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2. American Colonies: Canada & Iroquoia – Fur Trade Fisheries in Newfoundland employed around twelve thousand men in 1580 Shore camps set up for fishing introduced Europeans to Indians adorning elegant furs Overhunting in England made furs worth a high price Europeans began trading with the Native Americans – European goods in exchange for fur which the Europeans would ship to England Because the Indians believed all objects to be living, they were especially attracted to goods that were bright or shiny, convinced that they had spiritual power Eventually, the Indians began to value the commodities for more than just their shine The Indians appreciated the stronger European materials used for tools and cooking The Indians were also drawn to another European commodity – alcohol The Indians used alcohol to reach spiritual trances faster than had been experienced through long fasting Paradoxically, alcohol was also responsible for influencing fights and even killing among tribe members Eventually both the French and the Indians adapted to understand each other’s trade protocols: the French began to comprehend gift giving while Indians caught on to negotiating prices Some Europeans were said to kidnap Indians during a trade, which triggered an uneasiness felt among Indians traders Some Indians would require Europeans to remain on their boat during trade, only exchanging at a distance with the use of a rope Trade between the Europeans and Indians began to have an effect on Indian life The Indians became more and more dependent upon European trade. They reached a certain point to where it was very necessary to keep peace with the Europeans lest they be deprived of commodities they’d become so accustomed to To keep up with this trade, Indians began to deplete resources, and consequently sought sources on territories of other Indians. This caused tension between tribes As conflict arose between tribes, the tribes with European weaponry were the one that would prevail
3. American Colonies: Canada & Iroquoia - Canada Samuel de Champlain started colony of New France on St. Lawrence River in 1608 St. Lawrence was ideal for French fur trade for five reasons: Far from Spanish powers Northern location meant thicker furs Home to Montagnais and Algonkin which were better hunters than peoples of the southern regions Offered access far westward by river Narrow river allowed for only single point of entry which was good for defense By 1627 New France grew to only 85 colonists The nearby Huron people were split 20,000 people to only 20 villages The Huron excelled at trade strategies – they would grow a surplus of crops to be traded with northern tribes in exchange for their furs; they would then trade these furs with Europeans at an inflated price Because the Huron supplied 2/3 of furs in New France, the Huron became very close and valuable trading partners As a result, gaining such close friends also meant gaining enemies – opposing tribes, including the Five Nations
4. American Colonies: Canada & Iroquoia – The Five Nations The way in which the women of the Iroquois would tend to the crops in order for the men to have food for war gave them an edge in long-distance warfare Success in war went hand in hand with male prestige For those lost in war, the Iroquois believed their spirits would linger about the village and create disease and misfortune To encourage the spirit into the afterlife, Indians sought “replacements” as condolences Men captured from other tribes were often kill by slow torture while women and children were taken in and assimilated into their own tribe. They would be given a name and identity taken from a dead tribe member and expected to take on that role The practice of seeking war captives as a means of condolences was known as “mourning wars” During the fifteenth century, war between tribes devastated the nations of the Iroquois Finally, Deganawida proposed an offer of peace – that the nations cease revenge killings and offer presents for condolences instead. The five nations would be unified not through a common government but through peace Consequently, the united Great League of Nations focused their hostility outward at other tribes instead – particularly tribes that declined joining the League, such as the Algonquian speaking Iroquois
5. American Colonies: Canada & Iroquoia – The Jesuits After the fur trade launched New France, French leaders began a mission to convert Indians to Catholicism in hopes they consequently become more dependent on the French The first efforts were made in 1615 by four priests from the Recollet Order sent to convert the Montagnais In the span of ten years, only 50 natives were converted and most were on their deathbeds From 1625 to 1626 eight priests from the Jesuit Order came with better training in finance and in missionary work The Jesuits were quickly nicknamed the Black Robes because of their attire In 1634 the Huron were persuaded by Champlain to take the priests as a price for continued trade Rather than force the natives to learn the French language, The Jesuits instead learned the language of the natives The Huron quickly noted the lack of interest by the Jesuits in such worldly things as land, fur, and women The Huron, who considered torture a test of one’s manhood, held great respect for a Jesuit priest that after having been captured by the Iroquois returned with most of his fingers lost. Like the shamans of the Huron tribe, Jesuit priests were known to demonstrate “magic,” and even able to heal. This caught the attention of the Huron who were more entranced by the aspect of magic than of the religion itself As disease began to spread throughout the Huron, the members believed the priests’ magic to be responsible Initially, Jesuit priests had a very difficult time converting because the Huron After learning that the dead may go to one of two places after their passing, the Huron opted not to convert in fear of being separated from their loved ones in the afterlife However, ones Catholic conversions began to take off, this concept began to draw more people in Some associate religious conversion of the Huron with a decline in morale throughout the tribe
6. American Colonies: French America - Emigrants Cold climate and difficult access eliminated threat of British access Relatively small number of colonists reduced friction with Indian tribes In fear of British overtaking, French crown began recruiting colonists to New France by bribing men of means with tempting offers of titles as “seigneurs.” By 1675 70 seigneurs existed in the St. Lawrence Valley Seigneurs made up the first farm families in Canada New France grew from 700 colonists in 1650 to 3000 by 1663 Finally in 1663, the crown took control of New France Many colonists emigrated as servants in order to work up to eventually having their own land Males either became soldiers of engages Females were known as filles du roi until they quickly married It turned out that about 2/3 of engages and 3/4 of the soldiers returned to France French emigration was costing the crown more than it was bringing in, and in 1673, the crown halted emigration funding Regardless of the halting in funding, natural birthrate increased the French population of New France from 3000 in 1663 to 15,000 in 1700 Despite hardships in colonial New France, colonists were much better off than in France where 85 percent of French peasants owned less than 13 acres New France attracted many religious dissidents, but in 1632, France forbade their settlement in New France As a result, Huguenots fled to nearby Protestant nations and later to British colonies in North America, increasing British colonial population by 10,000 At the same time, the bitterly cold Canadian winter and the warm, mosquito infested summer wasn’t attractive to emigrants Farmers in New France focused on livestock and grains rather than warmer-climate crops such as tobacco and sugar Shipping crops or livestock to France from Canada cost twice as much as from the West Indies which meant that exporting goods in New France was hardly profitable Famers in New France relied on the circulation of French money paid to the soldiers, but payment for soldiers exceeded profit of furs, and to compensate, the crown increased Canadian taxes
7. American Colonies: French America - Opportunity Standard of living for those that emigrated out of France to Canada had a much better standard of living than did French peasants; Colonists in New France...: Leased hundred acre farms Regularly consumer bread and meat Were legally allowed to hunt and fish Were not taxed on lands Paid tithes that were half that of those paid in France Rents of land were fixed, even being passed down in inheritance Women had the option of a more secure life in the convent (although only four percent could afford to do so) Life for French colonists in Canada differed from that of British colonists in several ways: Land was rented from seigneurs who collected a twelfth of the purchase price when sold Because of limited entrepreneurial opportunities, there was more equality in New France and were known for their leisure and hospitality Women were more shadowed by their husbands; law nearly always sided with the man who was allowed to use “force” within “reasonable correction” Helped men with labor in the fields as well as the house and children
8. American Colonies: French America - Authority Authority in New France: New France colonies were slightly militaristic Three officials were appointed by the crown: Military governor-general Civil administrator called an intendant Catholic bishop Council consisted of 5-7 seigneurs in addition to the governor-general, bishop, intendant, and attorney general No elective assembly for colonists Religion & Education: Very limited availability of education Less than a quarter of colonists could read or write Each of the parishes in the St. Lawrence Valley had a church, a priest, and a militia company Every male between the ages of 16 and 60 were by law required to serve in the militia Seigneurs Seigneur families made up five percent of the Canadian population Seigneurs were honored as aristocratic rather than as laborious workers It was frowned upon for seigneurs to participate in hard labor In addition to fur trade licenses, Seigneurs were also awarded the same commissions as soldiers and salaries as civil officials It was rare for merchants to become seigneurs, although one exception was Charles Le Moyne who began as a poor fur trader and eventually earned enough wealth to buy the rights of a seigneury When a seigneur died, their widows received pensions in order to uphold their standard of living Because of the noble standard Seigneurs were expected to carry, seigneur children often ended up poor as they were not encouraged to participate in labor
9. American Colonies: French America – Louisiana In 1682, Sieur de La Salle impressed the Kind of France with his exploration of the Mississippi Valley In hopes of spreading French influence throughout North America, the king acted quickly by expanding trade to link Canada and Louisiana In competition with the British, French traders strengthened Indian relations with trade exclusively, rather than any matter of religious conversion. Also, they tempted the Indians with coveted European firearms After the War of the Spanish Succession, the crown handed Louisiana over to the Company of the Indies who established New Orleans in 1718 The Company offered 170 acre riverfront farms to migrating colonists By 1708, Louisiana was scattered with 122 soldiers, 8- slaves, and 77 habitants Louisiana colonists lived off of gardening, herding, hunting, fishing, and trading It turned out that spring flood and hurricanes followed by summer drought made farming in Louisiana extremely difficult As a result, many surviving colonists fled to Florida, leaving only a third of the Louisiana habitants by 1731 2000 whites and 4000 Africans, but population began recovering again in the 1740’s when colonists started to gain immunities to diseases like malaria From natural increase, the population climbed back up to 600 soldiers, 3300 whites, and 4100 Africans by 1746 Many habitants of Louisiana were convicted criminals which didn’t give New Orleans much of a reputation Without an electoral check, Louisiana officials were known for being very corrupt Between a corrupt government and many previously convicted habitants, Louisiana gained a reputation for being a region, as one colonist put it, “without religion, without justice, without discipline, without order, and without police.” In addition, Louisiana’s economy suffered - high costs and dangers of voyages from Louisiana to France made shipment to France unprofitable In 1731, the Company of the Indies gave control of Louisiana back to the crown Due to the conditions in Louisiana, many fled to Florida, Carolina, Cuba, New Mexico, or to live among the Indians France began rewarding Creek warriors to find, capture, and kill these “deserters”